Marius is raised among the ultras and as such, he has no conception of temperance or nuance. He dislikes his grandfather, perhaps even because Gillenormand is a bourgeois and not an aristocrat! As I talked about in 3.2.4 and 3.3.3, the ultras cannot be satisfied with any social class below royalty itself, there is such a craving for that perceived prestige. He is extreme in his restraints to the point he circles right back around to fanaticism. This lays an interesting groundwork for a character arc.
This is something I always felt the musical lacked; Marius is treated as little more than a flat Romeo, his weakness just being the blindness of love. And we see very early here that Marius’s problem is the exact opposite: he has no love at all. To me, this makes the fact that he is so out of touch with his emotions, that he idolizes his own feelings of love later on, that he’s willing to die in its absence so much more meaningful. Marius isn’t just navigating a new political landscape, he’s also emotionally adrift. But I’m getting ahead of myself.
Oof, the parallels of Marius and Cosette, both of their parents forced to watch them from afar, trying to get back to them only for it to come too late. Marius is obviously coming from a more privileged position but I can’t help but think...Cosette grows up with the knowledge she was loved by her mother, she had Valjean and Fauchelevent and the convent. Marius gets nothing, he arrives too late for even a single gesture of affection from his father. How could Marius have changed as a person, as a character, had he been allowed even that? It’s an overlooked tragedy, I think.
You really have to appreciate the fact that Monsieur Mabeuf (the same who raises the red flag on the barricade? I can’t remember but that seems like quite the coincidence) is so immediately willing to spill this sad story to any 18 year old he runs across in church apropos of nothing.
“Why? I will tell you.” -ancient Hugonian proverb
Gillenormand (look at this asshole down there, ugh) is right that there is a love affair, but it’s with Bonapartism, not any earthly body. The actual title of the chapter (bad, Wraxall translation, bad) is “The Utility of Going to Mass, to Become Revolutionary.” Revolutionary is a bit of a strong word, but Marius is definitely primed to dabble in some imperialism.
Marius so, so desperately wants to be loved. And at the first hint of it, at the word of a stranger whose only proof for his word is the sincerity of his feelings and the fact that he didn’t know who Marius was before, at the first statement that everything he thought he knew was wrong, Marius latches on and never lets go. He hears that his father loved him and he believes it, because he has been taught not to question, because Mabeuf has no reason to lie, because he wants so desperately for it to be true.
And that’s Marius, at his core. He trusts, he does not question, he longs. He’s a man of absolutes, but if you can change his mind about something then it changes all the way and stays there.
The main thing I took from this chapter is that politics/political opinions are incomplete without their being love for family and others, as Mabeuf says in his speech to Marius. ‘Certainly I'm in favour of political opinions, but there are people who don’t know where to stop [...] You don’t keep a father away from his child for that.’
Mabeuf’s place in the church is sanctified because he observes such a touching scene, the love of a father for his child. Hugo also criticises Gillenormand through Mabeuf here for the fact that he separates the father from the son and highlights Georges’ sacrifice for Marius, so that his son would grow up in wealth, although Marius did not grow up to be happy.
My main feelings about this chapter really relate to Mabeuf and how much I love him. He gets to know Georges and become friends with him- what a kind, gentle soul.
Marius gets his moment of, well I wouldn’t exactly call it a Bishop-Valjean moment, but this is a turning point for him. Knowing that his father cares/cared so much about him makes him reevaluate things and undergo a significant change, almost a personal revolution.
Of course, we don’t get to see his internal state in this chapter, but considering that this is Marius, it is obvious that the main thing that he believed- that his father did not love him- fell away and now he must know who the man is, so he can care about him. Mabeuf started Marius’ journey towards love, before that he did not love his grandfather or anyone around him since he was a child- poor Marius.
But really that may be more because Gillenormand is so out of touch with Marius that his first instinct is to think that Marius is going to spend a few days with a sweetheart because that is his point of reference, that is what he would do. It does highlight how much difficulty Gillenormand has in relating to other people and in understanding other people. He does not ask Marius about his trip to Vernon after the burial, it is not important to him. He does not have a meaningful relationship with his own grandson, like every other relationship in his life.
3.3.6
Marius as we have seen does not do things in a balanced way, he was described as fanatical before. The first thing he really does is read all the newspapers, journals, bulletins that he can find, especially the back issues of the Moniteur which was the official journal and a tool of state propaganda according to Wikipedia. He also collects all the anecdotes about his father’s life from people who knew him including Mabeuf.
It may be slightly hilarious that Gillenormand guesses that Marius has a passion but also that he guesses it wrongly. Marius does indeed have a passion which leaves him dazzled and in light compared to the dusty old salons of the ultra royalists.
It does shift his perspectives, he goes from being an ultra-royalist/royalist, to thinking well about some Revolutionary figures and settles on imperialism as a good thing. Napoleon shines like the sun for him. He is guided by his great love for his father, so he is not really being objective here, which the narrative also highlights, but I do like the way the gradual shift in his opinions is explained. His opinions on politics change his opinions about his father. His father is no longer a ‘brigand of the loire’ that he was told all his life, but someone who fought for his country. Somehow his admiration and his love for his country grow with his love for his father, he finds one with the other. It’s also interesting that he finds his father through politics.
Because his political opinions are linked with his father, he holds them in his heart as the truth in this chapter. I can’t really find fault with that, since everything happened in a relatively short time for Marius, him meeting Mabeuf and realising a new appreciation for his father, his father quickly becomes great along with Napoleon, without him evaluating his opinions in greater depth. I can sort of forgive him for worshipping the bust of Caesar and for supporting the imperialist view and his cry of ‘Long Live Emperor’.
He really does not have anyone guiding him, no friends at this stage, no one to give him a middle point of view or play the devil’s advocate when it comes to thinking of Napoleon as a dazzling light, in the immensity of space. Still this is progress made and that is what the narrative is supporting, progress made with good intentions.
The narrative is clear though that what Marius is doing is admiring the military strength by reading the army bulletins, the narrative does not mind Marius’ idolation of his father but that he supports military conquests and Napoleon as a great man on that basis.
Printing out a hundred calling cards remains one of the genuinely hilarious moments, but it also shows how completely Marius has adopted the identity of his father, not content in doing anything by halves.
Gillenormand’s frivolity, as represented by Geronte (an old man) from Moliere’s comedy, then becomes much more jarring to him in his Romantic melancholy and reflections on his father, they were both in different plays and now that their politics are different, they don’t have anything in common with each other and Marius cannot hide this resentment, he becomes more withdrawn and alienated from his grandfather, even going to find Thenardier as his father wished of him. Having discovered his father and a source of paternal love, Gillenormand cannot play the role of the paternal figure for Marius.
But the fault also lies with Gillenormand, he really never truly saw Marius even when he was looking at him, otherwise he would have seen that black ribbon of mourning.
(Sidenote: I wonder if you could compare Marius’ complete devotion to an idea to either Javert or maybe Enjolras. Javert does not admittedly care about love in any form which is why he derails after undergoing a great change in opinions, an upheaval like Marius. Enjolras comes from a place of love and he is devoted to an idea completely, but also changes and accommodates his friends’ opinions over time and continually grows. Marius has made a step towards progress but he still needs to grow a lot more. Obviously, Marius and Enjolras are still dissimilar enough, so I don’t really know where I am going with this.)
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The Utility of Going to Mass, In Order to Become a Revolutionist
Marius still routinely goes to mass. One day, he isn’t paying particular attention, and he goes and kneels at a seat that is reserved for a man named Mabeuf. This man comes up to him and tells him that he’s in his spot, and Marius moves. After the service, the man apologizes for having interrupted him and explains that he likes that spot because he used to watch a man come and stand behind a pillar just so he could see his son going to mass. He said that the man wasn’t able to interact with his son in any other way because his father-in-law didn’t like him and threatened to disinherit the boy. Mabeuf believes the man to be dead now, and he can’t quite remember his name, although it was something like Montpercy or Pontmarie.
Marius tells Mabeuf that that man was his father, and Mabeuf tells him that his father loved him dearly.
The next day, Marius tells his grandfather that he is going on a three-day hunting trip. His grandfather supposes that it is actually a love affair.
In which Marius's dreamy absent-mindedness and M. Mabeuf's need to overshare conveniently coincide. Marius learns that his father loved him, and responds in a mature and measured way to this new, emotionally significant information.
For real. No snark.
He proceeds to very solitious towards his new, elderly acquaintance and then promptly lies to his grandfather.
I always forget that Marius had friends other than Les Amis (there's a reference to some lawyer friends in regards Thénardier's trial, and maybe one other reference?). Or, at least it's plausible to his grandfather than Marius has friends.
Mabeuf uses 'vous' to the young stranger. Marius is 'tu' to his grandfather, addresses him with 'vous'.
