Hardware Iso Levels in Singularity
Evaluating Hardware Isolation Levels
You can use Singularity to evaluate levels of hardware isolation:
No runtime checks (bounds checks, null pointer checks).
Physical memory: default Singularity; segmentation no paging.
Add 4KB Pages: turn on paging.
Add separate domain: separate duplicate page table for application process, context switches require register %lcr3.
Add ring 3: give application process user privilege. Context switches require protected control transfer (syscall/interrupts).
Full Microkernel: all drivers in own separate privilege domain.









