Vladimir, 60, sat on the edge of his bed in the Chiril Draganiuc Institute of Phthisiopneumology, a medical unit for the Republic of Moldova in the capital Chișinău. He and his two other roommates, Igor, who is 50, and Georgi, who is 26, were diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) – an infectious disease usually caused by bacteria that attack the lungs.
“I got scared,” said Vladimir, asked how he felt when he heard his diagnosis: “How could this have happened?”. He was already familiar with the disease before his diagnosis – Vladimir’s father passed away from tuberculosis after a relapse 40 years ago.
But even nowadays, while TB is a preventable and usually curable disease, it was the world’s second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent in 2022, after COVID-19 and caused almost twice as many deaths as HIV/AIDS, WHO Global Tuberculosis report found.
Ending the tuberculosis epidemic by reducing incidence by 80% and deaths by 90% before 2030, compared to 2015, is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite that, the TB incidence rate in the past years has not declined. Instead, it rose by 4% between 2020 and 2022, reversing declines of about 2% per year for most of the past two decades.
The Stop TB Partnership, a United Nations-hosted organisation, estimated that while Moldova is close to successfully treating at least 90% of notified people with TB, reaching all infected with TB needs more work as it is less than 60%.
The disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic, multi-drug resistant (MDR) TB, co-infections with HIV and poor living conditions are among the burdens to tackle the disease.
“Our challenge in the region is that MDR [multidrug-resistant TB] and the co-infection with TB and HIV is high,” said Dumitru Laticevschi, a former TB doctor from Moldova, who currently leads Global Fund’s programmes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Moldova is among the WHO European Region’s 18 high-priority countries for TB control.
Vladimir is on a treatment plan that should last six months. He is among 30,000 patients with tuberculosis and non-specific affections of the breathing apparatus that are treated yearly in the institute.