For all you Harry Potter and word fanatics out there...This is some serious use of alliteration!
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For all you Harry Potter and word fanatics out there...This is some serious use of alliteration!
We can't blame you.
They may be small, but their power to befuddle writers and speakers of the English language is mighty: whatâs the difference between i.e. and e.g.? And what are the correct uses of these commonly confused abbreviations? The term i.e. is a shortening of the Latin expression id est, which translates to "that is." It is used to introduce a rephrasing or elaboration on something that has already been stated: "I like citrus fruits, i.e., the juicy, edible fruits with leathery, aromatic rinds of any of numerous tropical, usually thorny shrubs or trees of the genus Citrus." In this example, i.e. introduces an elaboration on citrus fruits. The term e.g. is an abbreviation of the Latin expression exempli gratia, meaning "for the sake of example" or more colloquially, "for example." It follows that this term is used to introduce examples of something that has already been stated: "I like citrus fruits, e.g., oranges, lemons, and limes." One easy way to remember the difference between these two
Reading this really helps to drive home the importance of sentence variation!
A little long but has a lot of really interesting stuff (especially about dictionaries, if you believe that is possible)...
This is from one of my other classes this semester, and I found it really interesting/useful
Symposium Synopsis...
   I attended Session II, Panel IV of the symposium and several genres were addressed. Not only did two of the papers mention the dramatic genres of melodrama and tragedy, and another addressed parody and satire, but three of the papers seemed to me to be in the genre of rhetorical analysis and one of them was a research proposal containing a literature review. I am familiar with all of these genres, mostly because I work at the Writing Center here on campus and I see a lot of these papers throughout the year. I felt like the authors did a good job of adhering to the characteristic of their respective genres, and I was impressed with their level of understanding of these genres when they were asked questions. For example, Dr. Eschenbaum asked the writers what problems they faced when writing their essays, and those people who were writing rhetorical analyses discussed how it was difficult to remove their biases from the essays and judge the style of writing instead of the content. These are key elements to the rhetorical analysis genre because the point of the paper is to analyze the authorâs writing style, there use of ethos, pathos, and logos, and how those are used to persuade the reader, or in the case of one of the papers whose focus was not a text but an SNL skit, the viewer.
   The writer whose essay fell into the genre of research proposal also seemed aware of the need to avoid bias in her writing. She explained how her observational research could be biased because she is the observer, and if the observer had been someone else, perhaps the observations would have been different. She explained that she tried as hard as she could to avoid bias, but that the individual differences between human beings as observers essentially makes it impossible to remove all bias totally. And I was impressed with her understanding of this.
   The best constructive feedback I would give to these writers is that they needed to take bigger risks. The first essay about the SNL skit was riddled with repeated words, and it began to feel as if the author had no other way to say âhigher order thinking,â than simply âhigher order thinking.â But what about âhigher level thinking,â âabstract thinking,â âanalyzing,â âdissecting,â or âinterpreting?â It actually became distracting how often she used this phrase, and her paper would have been much stronger if she varied her language more. The two following essays were about the same article, which centered on Americaâs reaction to 9/11. Because they had the same topic, this may have been unavoidable, but at times they were quoting the exact same lines and using the exact same keywords that they almost sounded like identical essays. This showed me that the voices of the writers werenât really coming through in the papers, but afterwards when they said they tried to avoid using their own voices, I understood why. I think the two writers should have tried to branch out more and find ways to add their own voices/styles without necessarily adding their own opinions. The final essay had more style to it, but I found some of her arguments weak. For example, she didnât really justify why the study on the population of the Root Note should be conducted, why it was important, and the implementation of future research. Even though she mentions these things, her justifications are very vague and do not support her claims as strongly as they could have.
   All in all, I enjoyed listening to the readings and learning about what the College Writing I students are working on. I feel like the course has come a long way from when I took College Writing, as these essays seemed much more advanced than any of the papers I wrote in the course. I donât even recall writing in these genres, which I feel are important to include in the curriculum.Â
Is Audience Real or Evoked?
To me, the most interesting take away from Parkâs article, âThe Meanings of âAudience,ââ was that there are two main definitions of audience. One definition is, of course, the actual readers of the text, and the other is: a fictional thing that is, as he says, âevoked,â in the text. First of all, I never thought about audience this way, but I really like his latter definition of audience. It actually reminds me of a recent definition of âcharacterâ that I heard in my Foundations for Literary Studies course with Dr. Parker. That is, that a character is shaped by the events in a story, or personality traits of the character are only revealed to the readers through the actions he or she takes during the plot of the story. Without the plot and the events in the story, the character would not exist. In other words, the character is merely molded or shaped by the world of the text. I began to think about Parkâs idea of an âevokedâ audience in this light and found that the concept is very similar and makes a lot of sense. The audience is shaped by what we write, and without the writing, there would be no audience. One of his quotes really illustrates this concept, âThe audience may be said to exist in the textâif it can actually be said to exist anywhereâ (Park 249).
This reading made me pay more attention to an âevokedâ audience when we watched the inaugural speech in class. All the different audiences that Obama addresses would not have been âimpliedâ audiences if he never mentioned anything applicable to them. However, this doesnât mean that these people are not actual readers or members of the audience. Park also illustrates this duality of the term audience in his article. He states, âThe meanings of âaudience,â then, tend to diverge in two general directions: one toward actual people external to the text, the audience whom the writer must accommodate; the other toward the text itself and the audience implied there, a set of suggested or evoked attitudes, interests, reactions, conditions of knowledge which may or may not fit with the qualities of actual readers or listenersâ (Park 249). So overall, the definition of audience is a bit hazy. It is not as clear cut or set in stone as I had previously believed. It is much more complicated, and this reading really highlighted that fact for me.
How's the Analysis Going?
My work on the analysis essay is going well so far. The first thing I did was compile a list of possible sources, and the list I came up with included essays, scholarly articles, and news articles. I noticed that the majority of academic journals are written in high-style, and in my opinion, are a bit boring to analyze. Their styles didnât seem to include as rich of a supply of rhetorical devices as my other options, but were more so aimed at the distribution of information. On the other hand, the news articles seem to be a lot more informal, drawing on jokes to captivate their audiences, and were relatively short. They didnât seem as appropriate for this assignment. Therefore, I decided on an essay, specifically Nature, by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1836). Â
The reason I selected these essays, articles, and news stories was the writing style. I obviously had to find articles I could understand, but I was more focused on how they were written. One thing I noticed was that the more specific an audience the author had, the higher style he/she would write in and the more jargon he/she would use. As I said, I eventually narrowed it down to Ralph Waldo Emerson's Nature, and even though it is a bit old, I hope it is an acceptable piece for this assignment because it is interesting to me. I really like this piece because it is one of the most expressive works of non-fiction I have ever encountered. I have yet to read it in its entirety, but from what I've seen, it seems to have a distinguished, whimsical style. Also, it is the appropriate length and contains multiple brief chapters in which to analyze.
The most challenging part of my analyses is the determination of audience. This is part of what made Emerson's piece stand out to me. In every other article and essay I read, I was easily able to discern the authors' target audiences. However, I don't know who Emerson was writing to. He almost seems to be writing to the air. He didn't seem bothered by who read it and who didn't read it; instead, he merely penned his thoughts for anyone who cared to read them. It is very philosophical and poetic, which reminds me of my own writing. This style makes me, the reader, more interested. I want to investigate further the stylistic choices Emerson makes, and why they are effective.
I don't know about you but this makes me cringe!
Ironic?
I found this entertaining
-Lyrics from one of my favorite songs.
-Also an example of a metaphor
My Ironic Life...
So I got a flu shot so I wouldn't get the flu, however my attempt at the prevention of flu-like symptoms in the future merely engendered the occurrence of them today...
Asyndeton seems to be a favorite of political speeches...
I stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices born by our ancestors.
-Barack Obama
Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.
-Abraham Lincoln (Speech: Gettysburg Address)
We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.
-John F Kennedy
We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender...
-Winston Churchill (Speech: We shall fight on the beaches)
...and my personal favorite:
I came, I saw, I conquered.
-Julius Caesar
Asyndeton adds emphasis to a list being endless, and works well to highlight ideas of never surrendering/stopping fighting and the never ceasing greatness or power of a country or ruler (ahem...Caesar). It works well for these types of speeches because it captivates an audience, and I think most of these men knew this and used asyndeton to their advantage.