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2 REMARKABLE AUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF AMERICAN REGIME

Aurelio Valenzuela Tolentino (October 15, 1869 – July 5, 1915) was a Filipino playwright, poet, journalist, and revolutionary. His works at the turn of the 20th century depicted his desire to see Philippine independence from its colonizers. He was arrested twice, first by the Spaniards and later by American forces. He wrote and directed the anti-imperialist play Kahapon, Ngayon at Bukas (Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow), which led to his arrest in 1903.

Severino Reyes (February 11, 1861 – September 15, 1942) was a Filipino writer, playwright, and director of plays. He used the pen name Lola Basyang. He was nicknamed "Don Binoy".

Reyes wrote 26 zarzuelas and 22 dramas in his career. He is known as the "Father of Tagalog Plays" and as the "Father of the Tagalog Zarzuela".

Reyes helped found the Liwayway magazine in 1922, and is recognized for pioneering the Tagalog literary renascence during his lifetime. His stories under the pen name Lola Basyang were the magazine's most widely read feature.

RETRIEVED FROM: https://peoplepill.com/people/aurelio-tolentino

RETRIEVED FROM: https://peoplepill.com/people/severino-reyes

2 REMARKABLE AUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF SELF-DISCOVERY

MARCELO DE GRACIA CONCEPTION

M. de Gracia Concepcion was listed on the staff of the Three Stars as an editor in 1931. He was the first Filipino poet to have his collected poems published as a book in the U.S. Published in 1925 by G.P. Putnam's Sons, the book was entitled Azucena, named after a lily found in the Philippines.

JOSE GARCIA VILLA

José Garcia Villa was born in Manila in 1908. He attended the University of the Philippines, but he was suspended in 1929 after publishing a series of erotic poems, titled “Man-Songs,” in the Philippines Herald Magazine. That same year, he won a short story contest through the Philippines Free Press and used the prize money to travel to the United States, where he studied at the University of New Mexico.

Reference:

Retrieved from: https://poets.org/poet/jose-garcia-villa

Retrieved from:https://www.commonwealthcafe.info/poetry

2 REMARKABLEAUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT

José Rizal, in full José Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda, (born June 19, 1861, Calamba, Philippines—died December 30, 1896, Manila), patriot, physician, and man of letters who was an inspiration to the Philippine nationalist movement.

The son of a prosperous landowner, Rizal was educated in Manila and at the University of Madrid. A brilliant medical student, he soon committed himself to the reform of Spanish rule in his home country, though he never advocated Philippine independence. Most of his writing was done in Europe, where he resided between 1882 and 1892.

In 1887 Rizal published his first novel, Noli me tangere (The Social Cancer), a passionate exposure of the evils of Spanish rule in the Philippines. A sequel, El filibusterismo (1891; The Reign of Greed), established his reputation as the leading spokesman of the Philippine reform movement.

Antonio Luna (October 29, 1866–June 5, 1899) was a soldier, chemist, musician, war strategist, journalist, pharmacist, and hot-headed general, a complex man who was, unfortunately, perceived as a threat by the Philippines' ruthless first president Emilio Aguinaldo. As a result, Luna died not on the battlefields of the Philippine-American War, but he was assassinated on the streets of Cabanatuan.

He is known for Filipino Journalist, musician, pharmacist, chemist, and general in the fight for Philippine independence from the U.S.

Published Works: Impresiones (as Taga-Ilog), On Malarial Pathology (El Hematozorio del Paludismo)"

Reference;

Retrieved from:https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJose-Rizal%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3uQX9dEas0LiRBoTNoQK7NsHExLAb1Yl4FjV876q59mDs838uAUOi66iY&h=AT3nQtw3EB5xa2O503xzBWem43CGFz6pGpZupO589uKmC7efmw-isUNXRIbWoJq4pyQH2VXP832sjCqUwLvaIAZE_0uSjDNgzYdWc__KgmkxPivhtzkS3oFlVHrLwgtGn6ZNlQ

Antonio Luna was a military strategist who led troops against the American imperialists after the U.S. took the Philippines from Spain in 18

2 REMARKABLE AUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE IN ENGLISH

Fernando Ma. Guerrero

A man so gifted in writing was Fernando Ma. Guerrero, son of highly educated parents: Lorenzo Guerrero, a notable painter and art teacher, and Clemencia Ramirez.He showed signs of a genius in his youth with facility for language. His father hired for him a private tutor for home education. He pursued and obtained the Bachelor of Arts degree from the Ateneo Municipal, and the Bachelor of Laws degree from the University of Santo Tomas.

He joined the staff of La Independencia, a revolutionary periodical, and wrote incisive articles and editorials in beautiful Spanish – making it the most dynamic and influential Newspaper. He was appointed secretary of the Supreme Court by General Antonio Luna. He wrote for La Patria and established his own paper, La Fraternidad. At El Renacimiento he was made City Editor, then later Chief Editor. Through the sheer power of his editorials this paper became outstanding.

Manuel H. Bernabe (1890-1960)

“King of Balagtasan” in Spanish was a poet, linguist and politician, Manuel Bernabe was born on February 17, 1890 in Paranaque, Rizal.

He already started writing verses, at the age of 10. He studied at the Ateneo de Manila where he finished his Bachelor of Arts degree with high academic standing in 1907, and then took up law at the University of Santo Tomas, but not able to took up the bar exams.

In 1910, Manuel’s first poem was published in the Renacimento Filipino. In 1912, he translated Virgil’s Aenid from Latin to Spanish. In 1913, he received an award for his poems: “Himno al Sagado Corazon de Jesus (Hymn to the Sacred Heart of Jesus), “El Zapote,” and “Espana a Filipinas”.

Retrieved from; https://vincemd.blogspot.com/2010/06/manuel-h-bernabe-on-stamps.html?m=1

Retrieved from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fernando_Mar%C3%ADa_Guerrero

2 REMARKABLE AUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF JAPANESE

Liwayway A. Arceo

(January 30, 1924 – December 3, 1999) was a multi-awarded Filipina fictionist, journalist, radio scriptwriter and editor from the Philippines.

Arceo authored a number of well-received novels, such as Canal de la Reina (1973) and Titser (1995). She also published collections of short stories such as Ina, Maybahay, Anak at iba pa, Mga Maria, Mga Eva, Ang Mag-anak na Cruz (1990), and Mga Kuwento ng Pag-ibig (1997). Most of her books were published by Ateneo de Manila University Press and The University of the Philippines Press. Arceo's story, Uhaw ang Tigang na Lupa was placed second in the Japanese Imperial Government-sanctioned Pinakamabuting Maikling Katha ng 1943 (The Best Short Stories of 1943).

Macario Pineda was a Filipino short story writer, novelist, and columnist. He started out writing short stories in English. "Five Minutes", his first story was published by Graphic. His other English stories were "Cita", "Nila", and "Auntie Writes the Ending". However, he is most well-known for his stories written in Tagalog. In 1937, his story "Walang Maliw ang mga Bituin" was chosen as one of the ten best stories of the year by Mabuhay.

Pineda was born on April 12, 1912 in Malolos, Bulacan. His parents were Felisa de Guzman and Nicanor Pineda. He finished his secondary education at the Bulacan High School where he excelled in writing and basketball. He has held various jobs including being a telephone lineman, municipal clerk, palay seller, and treasurer in Malolos, Meycauayan, Pandi, and Bigaa.

When he was just twenty years old, Pineda married and settled down in San Juan, Bigaa, Bulacan. He and his wife had seven children. When World War II broke out, Pineda joined the local guerilla movement where he did propaganda work with other Filipino writers such as Clodualdo del Mundo, Brigido Batungbakal, Mabini Rey Centeno, and A.C. Fabian.

Retrieved from:http://www.archipelagofiles.com/2021/10/filipino-author-macario-pineda.html?m=1

Retrieved from: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwayway_Arceo

2 REMARKABLE AUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF POST EDSA

Salvador P. Lopez was a renowned Filipino author, diplomat, journalist, and professor. He was born on May 27, 1911, in Currimao, Ilocos Norte, Philippines. He studied at the University of the Philippines and earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1931 and a law degree in 1933. He later pursued his Master of Arts degree at Stanford University in California, United States.

Lopez's literary works are a reflection of his passion for social justice and critique of Filipino society during the post-colonial era. Some of his notable works include "Literature and Society," which discusses the role of literature in shaping a society's values and attitudes, "The Future of Philippine Literature in English," which delves into the challenges and opportunities of Philippine literature during his time, and "The Filipino Writer and Nation," which explores the link between literature and national identity.

In addition to his literary works, Lopez was also a veteran journalist and editor. He worked as an editorial writer for the Philippine Herald and the Manila Chronicle. His excellence in journalism led to his appointment as the first Filipino Secretary of Foreign Affairs, serving from 1949 to 1952. After his stint in government, he served as a professor at the University of the Philippines, where he was awarded the title of National Artist for Literature in 1997. Salvador P. Lopez passed away on October 18, 1993, at the age of 82.

Paz Marquez Benitez was a pioneering Filipino writer born on March 3, 1894, in Lucena City, Philippines. She was one of the first Filipina writers to write in English. Benitez completed her Bachelor of Arts degree at the University of the Philippines in 1912, where she later taught English and literature.

Her literary works are characterized by their insight into the inner worlds of women and their struggles against the patriarchal norms of Philippine society. Her most famous work is the short story "Dead Stars," which highlights the themes of love, regret, and loss. The story follows the protagonist, Alfredo, who is torn between his fiancée and an old flame from his past.

Apart from her literary works, Benitez was also an advocate for women's rights and education. She co-founded the Philippine Women's University, which was the first women's university in Southeast Asia. She also served as the dean of the university's College of Liberal Arts.

Paz Marquez Benitez passed away on October 5, 1983, at the age of 89. Her literary legacy continues to inspire and challenge Filipino writers and readers today.

2 REMARKABLE AUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF THIRD REPUBLIC

Amado V. Hernandez was a Filipino writer, poet, and social activist who was born on September 13, 1903, in Tagaytay, Cavite. He is best known for his works that deal with the struggles and exploitation of the Philippine working class. Hernandez was a prominent figure in the Philippine labor movement and was a member of the Communist Party of the Philippines.

Hernandez's literary works include the novel "Mga Ibong Mandaragit" (Island of the Great White Bird) and the poetry collection "Isang Dipang Langit" (A Stretch of Heaven). His works often depicted the lives of farmers and workers, and his commitment to social justice and equity greatly influenced Filipino literature.

Hernandez was arrested and imprisoned for his beliefs and activism during the Marcos regime. He spent nine years in prison and continued to write despite the harsh conditions. He was released from prison in 1979 and passed away on March 24, 1970.

N.V.M. Gonzalez, another remarkable author during the period of the Third Republic, was born on September 8, 1915, in Romblon, Philippines. He was a prolific writer and journalist whose works were influenced by the Philippines' rural landscapes and the experiences of Filipinos living in poverty.

Gonzalez's literary works include "The Bamboo Dancers," "The Bread of Salt," and "The Novels of F. Sionil Jose." His works often dealt with themes of identity, tradition, and modernity. He was recognized for his contributions to Philippine literature and was awarded the National Artist for Literature Award in 1997.

Gonzalez's writing also reflected his passion for journalism and was known for his writings on legal issues, politics, and social commentary. He passed away on November 28, 1999, leaving behind an important legacy in Philippine literary and journalistic history.

2 REMARKABLE AUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY

During the period of the New Society in the Philippines, there were two remarkable Filipino authors whose works reflected the socio-political climate of their time: Ponciano Pineda and Aniceto Silvestre.

Ponciano Pineda was born in 1931 in San Fernando, Pampanga. He was a prolific writer of short stories, essays, and novels. His work often chronicled the lives of the marginalized and oppressed, focusing on the themes of poverty, exploitation, and social injustice. His most famous novel, "Kapitan Inggo," is a satirical portrayal of the corrupt and oppressive local government officials, and it remains relevant to this day as a commentary on the Philippines' continuing struggle against corruption and abuse of power.

Aniceto Silvestre, on the other hand, was born in 1941 in Cebu City. He was a poet, playwright, and essayist whose work was heavily influenced by his advocacy for social justice and his commitment to human rights. His poetry often reflected the struggles and aspirations of the working class, and his plays tackled themes of poverty, exploitation, and the struggle for freedom and democracy. His most famous play, "Dagohoy," is a historical drama that tells the story of the eponymous rebel leader who fought against Spanish colonialism in the 18th century.

Both Pineda and Silvestre were part of a generation of Filipino writers who used their work to speak truth to power and to challenge the societal norms that oppressed the majority of Filipino people. Their works continue to inspire and resonate with readers today, serving as a testament to the enduring power of literature to reflect and shape the world we live in.

2 REMARKABLE FILIPINO AUTHORS DURING THE PERIOD OF ACTIVISM

During the period of activism in the Philippines, two remarkable authors made a significant impact in Philippine literature and advocacy for social justice. These authors are Jose Garcia Villa and Jose F. Lacaba.

Jose Garcia Villa - also known as the "Pope of Greenwich Village," was born on August 5, 1908, in Manila, Philippines. He attended the University of the Philippines and later went to the United States to pursue further studies. Villa is famous for his innovative style of writing, where he used punctuation marks to create a sense of musicality and rhythm in his poetry. As an activist, he used his literary works to call for social change and challenge prevailing beliefs and traditions. One of his notable works is "Doveglion," a collection of poems that reflect his experiences both in the Philippines and the US.

Jose F. Lacaba- also known as Pete Lacaba, was born on August 10, 1945, in Manila, Philippines. He is a prolific writer, journalist, and activist who advocated for human rights and social justice during the dictatorship of President Ferdinand Marcos. Lacaba's notable works include "Days of Disquiet, Nights of Rage," a memoir of his years as a political activist during the Marcos regime. In 1974, he was arrested and imprisoned for three years, along with other activists, for his involvement in the anti-Marcos movement. After his release, he continued to write, and his works have been recognized both locally and internationally.

ARTICLE ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTION OF POST-EDSA REVOLUTION TO THE PHILIPPINE LITERATURE

𝚃𝚑𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝-𝙴𝙳𝚂𝙰 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚍 𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝙿𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚜 (1986 𝚝𝚘 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚝) 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚐𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚕𝚢 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚞𝚝𝚎𝚍 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚕𝚘𝚙𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚒𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚢. 𝚃𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚍 𝚒𝚜 𝚌𝚑𝚊𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚣𝚎𝚍 𝚋𝚢 𝚊 𝚗𝚎𝚠 𝚠𝚊𝚟𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚠𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚜𝚝𝚢𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚝𝚊𝚌𝚔𝚕𝚎 𝚜𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚕 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚙𝚘𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚕 𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚞𝚎𝚜, 𝚋𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚔𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚊𝚠𝚊𝚢 𝚏𝚛𝚘𝚖 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚝𝚛𝚊𝚍𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕 𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚝𝚢𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚎𝚊𝚛𝚕𝚒𝚎𝚛 𝙿𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎.

𝙾𝚗𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚓𝚘𝚛 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚘𝚏 𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝-𝙴𝙳𝚂𝙰 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚒𝚜 𝚒𝚝𝚜 𝚏𝚘𝚌𝚞𝚜 𝚘𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚐𝚐𝚕𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝙵𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚘𝚜. 𝚃𝚑𝚎𝚜𝚎 𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚔𝚜 𝚍𝚎𝚙𝚒𝚌𝚝 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚜𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚕 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚎𝚜 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚖𝚊𝚛𝚐𝚒𝚗𝚊𝚕𝚒𝚣𝚎𝚍 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚘𝚙𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚜𝚎𝚍, 𝚜𝚞𝚌𝚑 𝚊𝚜 𝚏𝚊𝚛𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚜, 𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚔𝚎𝚛𝚜, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚞𝚛𝚋𝚊𝚗 𝚙𝚘𝚘𝚛. 𝚃𝚑𝚎𝚢 𝚊𝚕𝚜𝚘 𝚝𝚊𝚌𝚔𝚕𝚎 𝚒𝚜𝚜𝚞𝚎𝚜 𝚜𝚞𝚌𝚑 𝚊𝚜 𝚑𝚞𝚖𝚊𝚗 𝚛𝚒𝚐𝚑𝚝𝚜 𝚊𝚋𝚞𝚜𝚎𝚜, 𝚌𝚘𝚛𝚛𝚞𝚙𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚙𝚘𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚝𝚢.

𝙰𝚗𝚘𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛 𝚜𝚒𝚐𝚗𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚌𝚊𝚗𝚝 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚒𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚎𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚗𝚎𝚠 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚝𝚢𝚕𝚎𝚜, 𝚊𝚜 𝚠𝚎𝚕𝚕 𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚛𝚎-𝚒𝚖𝚊𝚐𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚘𝚏 𝚘𝚕𝚍 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚜. 𝚃𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚎𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚛𝚒𝚜𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚎𝚡𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚕 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎, 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚙𝚘𝚎𝚝𝚛𝚢 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚎𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚘𝚢𝚜 𝚞𝚗𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚟𝚎𝚗𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕 𝚜𝚢𝚗𝚝𝚊𝚡 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚞𝚌𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚗𝚊𝚛𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚙𝚕𝚊𝚢 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚝𝚒𝚖𝚎 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚎. 𝙸𝚝 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚕𝚜𝚘 𝚜𝚎𝚎𝚗 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚞𝚛𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚒𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚐𝚎𝚗𝚘𝚞𝚜 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚜, 𝚜𝚞𝚌𝚑 𝚊𝚜 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚎𝚙𝚒𝚔𝚘 (𝚎𝚙𝚒𝚌 𝚙𝚘𝚎𝚖𝚜) 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚋𝚊𝚕𝚊𝚐𝚝𝚊𝚜𝚊𝚗 (𝚍𝚎𝚋𝚊𝚝𝚎 𝚒𝚗 𝚙𝚘𝚎𝚝𝚛𝚢).

𝙿𝚘𝚜𝚝-𝙴𝙳𝚂𝙰 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚕𝚜𝚘 𝚋𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚖𝚎 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚜𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚕𝚢 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚎 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚒𝚗𝚌𝚕𝚞𝚜𝚒𝚟𝚎. 𝙵𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚘 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚊𝚕𝚠𝚊𝚢𝚜 𝚋𝚎𝚎𝚗 𝚖𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚕, 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚔𝚜 𝚠𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚝𝚎𝚗 𝚒𝚗 𝚟𝚊𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚞𝚜 𝙿𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚐𝚞𝚊𝚐𝚎𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚍𝚒𝚊𝚕𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚜. 𝙷𝚘𝚠𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚛, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝-𝙴𝙳𝚂𝙰 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚎𝚗 𝚊𝚗 𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚗 𝚐𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚎𝚡𝚙𝚊𝚗𝚜𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚘𝚏 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚟𝚘𝚒𝚌𝚎𝚜, 𝚠𝚒𝚝𝚑 𝚠𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚜 𝚏𝚛𝚘𝚖 𝚍𝚒𝚏𝚏𝚎𝚛𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚛𝚎𝚐𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜, 𝚎𝚝𝚑𝚗𝚒𝚌𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚎𝚜, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚘-𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚘𝚖𝚒𝚌 𝚋𝚊𝚌𝚔𝚐𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚝𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚟𝚎𝚕𝚘𝚙𝚖𝚎𝚗𝚝 𝚘𝚏 𝙿𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎.

𝙵𝚞𝚛𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛𝚖𝚘𝚛𝚎, 𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚜 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚜𝚎𝚎𝚗 𝙿𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚐𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚠𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚛 𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚘𝚐𝚗𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚒𝚗𝚏𝚕𝚞𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎 𝚋𝚎𝚢𝚘𝚗𝚍 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚌𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚢’𝚜 𝚋𝚘𝚛𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚜. 𝙵𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚘 𝚠𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚜 𝚑𝚊𝚟𝚎 𝚠𝚘𝚗 𝚗𝚞𝚖𝚎𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚜 𝚒𝚗𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚗𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚊𝚕 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚊𝚠𝚊𝚛𝚍𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚟𝚎 𝚐𝚊𝚒𝚗𝚎𝚍 𝚠𝚒𝚍𝚎𝚛 𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚑𝚒𝚙 𝚒𝚗 𝚘𝚝𝚑𝚎𝚛 𝚌𝚘𝚞𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚎𝚜, 𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚒𝚗 𝚐𝚛𝚎𝚊𝚝𝚎𝚛 𝚊𝚙𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚌𝚒𝚊𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚞𝚗𝚍𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚝𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚘𝚏 𝙿𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚌𝚞𝚕𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎.

𝙾𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚕𝚕, 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚙𝚘𝚜𝚝-𝙴𝙳𝚂𝙰 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚒𝚘𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚋𝚛𝚘𝚞𝚐𝚑𝚝 𝚊𝚋𝚘𝚞𝚝 𝚊 𝚗𝚎𝚠 𝚎𝚛𝚊 𝚘𝚏 𝙿𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚝𝚑𝚊𝚝 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚜𝚝𝚛𝚘𝚗𝚐 𝚟𝚘𝚒𝚌𝚎 𝚒𝚗 𝚜𝚘𝚌𝚒𝚎𝚝𝚢, 𝚎𝚖𝚙𝚕𝚘𝚢𝚜 𝚗𝚎𝚠 𝚏𝚘𝚛𝚖𝚜 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚜𝚝𝚢𝚕𝚎𝚜, 𝚎𝚖𝚋𝚛𝚊𝚌𝚎𝚜 𝚍𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚎 𝚙𝚎𝚛𝚜𝚙𝚎𝚌𝚝𝚒𝚟𝚎𝚜, 𝚊𝚗𝚍 𝚑𝚊𝚜 𝚊 𝚐𝚛𝚘𝚠𝚒𝚗𝚐 𝚐𝚕𝚘𝚋𝚊𝚕 𝚙𝚛𝚎𝚜𝚎𝚗𝚌𝚎. 𝙸𝚝𝚜 𝚌𝚘𝚗𝚝𝚛𝚒𝚋𝚞𝚝𝚒𝚘𝚗𝚜 𝚑𝚊𝚟𝚎 𝚎𝚗𝚛𝚒𝚌𝚑𝚎𝚍 𝚗𝚘𝚝 𝚓𝚞𝚜𝚝 𝙿𝚑𝚒𝚕𝚒𝚙𝚙𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚝𝚞𝚛𝚎 𝚋𝚞𝚝 𝚊𝚕𝚜𝚘 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚕𝚒𝚝𝚎𝚛𝚊𝚛𝚢 𝚕𝚊𝚗𝚍𝚜𝚌𝚊𝚙𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚝𝚑𝚎 𝚠𝚘𝚛𝚕𝚍.

References

Cabiling, M. (June 25, 2020). Post-EDSA Literature. Retrieved from:https://www.coursehero.com/file/64165062/Philippine-literature-in-post-edsa-revolutionpptx/

Jess Palo (2013). Philippine Literature After Post-EDSA Revolution. Retrieved from: https://www.slideshare.net/JessPalo1/litt-1-report

ARTICLE ABOUT THE PERIOD OF NEW SOCIETY

The New Society in the Philippines refers to the period of martial law imposed by former President Ferdinand Marcos from 1972 to 1981. During this time, the government had full control over the economy, media, and other aspects of society. While the New Society is often associated with corruption and human rights abuses, it also brought about changes that we benefit from today.

One of the most significant contributions of the New Society was the establishment of infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, and buildings. These helped improve transportation and connectivity across the archipelago, making it easier for people to access education, healthcare, and other essential services.

The New Society also introduced technological advancements like computers and telecommunications systems. This laid the foundation for the growth of the IT and BPO industries in the Philippines, which are now major contributors to the country's economy.

In terms of social and cultural changes, the New Society promoted the use of Filipino language and culture in education and the media. This led to a resurgence of pride in being Filipino and helped preserve our cultural heritage.

Of course, we cannot overlook the dark side of the New Society, which included the curtailment of civil liberties and human rights abuses. However, it is essential to recognize both the positive and negative aspects of this period to fully understand its impact on our generation.

Today, we benefit from the infrastructure, technology, and cultural revival that the New Society brought about. However, we must also remain vigilant against authoritarianism and continue to fight for our democratic rights and freedoms.