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shark vs the universe
NASA
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Origami Around
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Three Goblin Art
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JVL
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Today's Document
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Stranger Things
2025 on Tumblr: Trends That Defined the Year
I'd rather be in outer space 🛸
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noise dept.
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@quantizedconfusion
Credit: NASA, ESA, and J. Lotz (STScI) Using the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, astronomers have discovered that the brightest galaxies within galaxy clusters "wobble" relative to the cluster..
The effect of “wobbling galaxies” could throw a wrench in our current understanding of dark matter.
Heart of Earth’s inner core revealed-
Scientists say they have gained new insight into what lies at the very center of the Earth.
Research from China and the US suggests that the innermost core of our planet has another, distinct region at its centre. The team believes that the structure of the iron crystals there is different from those found in the outer part of the inner core. The findings are reported in the journal Nature Geoscience. Without being able to drill into the heart of the Earth, its make-up is something of a mystery. So instead, scientists use echoes generated by earthquakes to study the core, by analysing how they change as they travel through the different layers of our planet. Prof Xiaodong Song, from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign said: “The waves are bouncing back and forth from one side of the Earth to the other side of the Earth.” Prof Song and his colleagues in China say this data suggests that the Earth’s inner core - a solid region that is about the size of the Moon - is made up of two parts.
The seismic wave data suggests that crystals in the “inner inner core” are aligned in an east-to-west direction - flipped on their side, if you are looking down at our planet from high above the North Pole.
Those in the “outer inner core” are lined up north to south, so vertical if peering down from the same lofty vantage point.
Prof Song said: “The fact we are discovering different structures at different regions of the inner core can tell us something about the very long history of the Earth.”
The core, which lies more than 5,000km down, started to solidify about a billion years ago - and it continues to grow about 0.5mm each year.
The finding that it has crystals with a different alignment, suggests that they formed under different conditions and that our planet may have undergone a dramatic change during this period.
Commenting on the research, Prof Simon Redfern from the University of Cambridge said: ”Probing deeper into the solid inner core is like tracing it back in time, to the beginnings of its formation.
Whales! From top to bottom: Narhwal, Beluga Whale, Orca, Humpback Whale, Sperm Whale, Right Whale, and Blue Whale (Approx size differences)
How Do Hummingbirds Fly? Scientists Figure Out The Secrets
Hummingbirds have a very unique way of flying, at least as far as birds go. You may think the sheer speed may be what’s getting hummingbirds to fly, hover, and dart— but there’s much more to that. How are they changing the air around them to get the lift they need? Kim Horcher and Christina Ochoa (Actress, Science Educator, Know Brainer podcast) discuss!
Read more: http://motherboard.vice.com/en_au/read/hummingbirds-are-like-insects
By: Nerd Alert.
Artist Jack Molk paints a model of Jupiter for a German FX company. It took more than a week to finish the faux planet, which was then filmed using a motion control camera.
(Jacklionheart)
That’s right! This picture created at night by looking through the earth at the sun.
It wasn’t made with light though — it visualizes the flux of neutrinos coming from the sun. Neutrinos are sub-atomic particles created in the nuclear furnace of the sun, and they can pass through nearly anything. Billions of neutrinos shoot through our bodies every second, and they fly with ease through the rocky bulk of the earth.
Scientists have built a giant neutrino observatory in an abandoned mine shaft 3,000 ft below Mount Kamioka in Japan. It’s called the Super-Kamiokande - and it’s essentially a 13 milliion gallon tank of ultra-pure water, rigged with sensors that can detect the extremely weak interaction of neutrinos with other matter. This picture shows the tank when it is empty and undergoing renovations.
This observatory looks down — through the earth itself — to collect data from solar neutrinos. This image is the result of about 18 months of data collection.
(Why does the observatory need to be underground? The rock shelters the observatory from the noise of cosmic rays.)
Sun image: Robert Svoboda and K. Gordan
Super-K image: courtesy of Kamioka Observatory, ICRR (Institue for Cosmic Ray Research), The University of Tokyo
So I saw Interstellar last weekend
And I'm not going to go critique all the science in the movie because
I'm not qualified to do that, and
People who do that are movie-killers.
However, I need to rant about one tiny part because I think they missed a HUGE opportunity to both teach the audience about physics and also really drive home one of the themes of the movie.
That theme being humanity's understanding of gravity. (Movie spoilers below.)
So, in this futuristic world, we've discovered some supernatural "beings" (us) who can control gravity in ways we didn't know we could. This phenomenon plays a huge role through the entire movie, and is the answer to humanity's survival at the end.
Gravity is a big deal in this movie!
So what drives me NUTS is that when Cooper and the team first dock with the space station, Cooper says "Let's turn on the artificial gravity" and the thing starts spinning.
Missed opportunity!!!!!!!!
I know we like to call it artificial gravity, but why did they call it artificial gravity?! If we were talking about gravity in any other context but this movie about gravity then that could suffice as a very basic explanation for what was happening. But we are literally trying to set the stage as a species that does not have a firm grasp on this concept--it was the perfect opportunity to illustrate to the audience that these people were WAY over their heads trying to relate to these mysterious multi-dimensional beings.
And, I will concede that there's a ton of science in this movie that they assume you understand without explanation (and lots of made-up science)--and most people have seen at least one other sci-fi movie with a rotating space station and "gravity" so I'm not really arguing that they should have elaborately explained what was happening. Just, that they shouldn't have so readily used the word gravity as though that's not what the whole movie's about. (I'm not angry, I swear.)
Centripetal Force
Those of you who don't know how the spinning-space-station-phenomenon works, it has to do with what's called centripetal force.
Let's say you have one of those little toy cars that you pull backwards to wind up, and then you let it go and it starts driving forward. Let's say you wanted to make that car drive in a circle, by tapping it with your finger to turn it. Which direction do you push the car?
The answer, of course, is towards the center. You are always pushing your car towards the center of the circle.
In that experiment, you were the car's centripetal force. Centripetal force comes from whatever "pulls" (or "pushes") an object toward the center, directing its circular motion (so things like ropes, walls, floors, your finger, etc.). Gravity can also be a centripetal force. Objects in orbit are held there by gravity pulling them toward the center. But in the case of the spinning space station, gravity is NOT the centripetal force. The walls of the ship (your "floor") are.
Now, the reason why this phenomenon lets you walk on a space station (or plasters you to the wall in those Gravitron amusement park rides, or makes you lean against the side of your car as you go around a sharp turn) is because of Newton's Third Law.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
So, we have this force pulling us in, we also have a force pushing us out. The opposite of centripetal force is often referred to as centrifugal force, but what this phenomenon really is, is inertia. As the space station spins, we feel "pushed" to the outside of the circle, which now becomes the "floor" in our artificial gravity environment.
We can pretty simply calculate how fast we would need to spin to feel like there's Earth gravity, too, using only the radius of the ship. (Earth's acceleration due to gravity: 9.81 m/s2 = [angular velocity]^2 x radius)
The downside of having the force dependent solely on the radius of the ship, though, is that you can't easily have multiple floors, or "upstairs" and "downstairs." To go "up" and "down" would either increase or decrease the radius of your rotation--in turn, increasing or decreasing your "force of gravity." Everything either needs to be on one level, or you would need multiple rings, rotating at different speeds, which would make moving between them a bit convoluted. It is hardly an analog to actual gravity--unless you had a space station with a radius so large that the changes between floors would be negligible.
And all that is to say that there is no gravitational force involved in this process whatsoever. So, for a movie about manipulating gravity, I think we should have been a bit more clear that there was no manipulation of gravity involved in the making of that space station.
Even though they said "artificial" I still think the point was likely lost on most viewers. And, I don't know, even a line as simple as "Let's turn on our shoddy attempt at creating gravity, eh?" would have been much more descriptive than "artificial gravity" to both further the movie's point and clear up some misconceptions about about what was really going on.
End rant!
Check out this sweet fluid simulator from George Corney. Visit the link - you can stir a sea of particles on your web browser (my low quality screen capture doesn’t do it justice).
Woah.
Women who changed Science.
Submitted by hydrogeneportfolio (Part 1 & Part 2)
The Sweet Science of Chocolate
via kqedscience:
Chocolate is the solid gold of sweets, providing a standard of delectability that’s been upheld around the globe for more than 2,000 years. The ancient Mayans and Aztecs even used the pods of the cacao tree, which produces chocolate, as currency. They also used cacao as a tonic to improve overall health.
Today’s scientists agree with the ancients: chocolate, in small doses, is not just delicious — it’s actually good for you.”
Learn more at QUEST.
So, not that this graph is anything special, but I think a lot about how we perceive time--and it's a little freaky to look at a graph like this in the context of our lives. If we had adequate memories of our early years, the first seven years we have lived should feel roughly equivalent to the next 93.
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center - View of the Earth on September 21, 2005 with the full Antarctic region visible.
a new look at the solar system
These are fun to make! I call it an animated postage stamp.
Mathematica Code:
Manipulate[ Plot3D[Sin[x y + \[Phi]] Cos[ x y + \[Phi]], {x, -\[Pi], \[Pi]}, {y, -\[Pi], \[Pi]}, Boxed -> False, Axes -> False, Mesh -> False, ColorFunction -> ColorData["CoffeeTones"], Background -> Darker[Brown], PlotRange -> {{-\[Pi], \[Pi]}, {-\[Pi], \[Pi]}, {-\[Pi], \[Pi]}}, ViewPoint -> {0, 0, 1}], {\[Phi], 0, 6 \[Pi], \[Pi]/8}]
Here's a relaxing Sin(xy) curve!
Easy Mathematica code if anyone's interested:
Manipulate[ Plot3D[Sin[ x y + \[Phi]], {x, -\[Pi]/2, \[Pi]/2}, {y, -\[Pi]/2, \[Pi]/2}, Boxed -> False, Axes -> False, Mesh -> False, ColorFunction -> ColorData["BeachColors"], Background -> LightBlue, PlotRange -> {{-\[Pi]/2, \[Pi]/2}, {-\[Pi]/2, \[Pi]/2}}], {\[Phi], 0, 6 \[Pi], \[Pi]/8}]
Really enjoying all the knowledge on here!!
Thank you!!
Giant influx of new followers! Hello!
