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FIVE CONDITIONS OF SENTIENT LIFE
A Framework for Morally Significant Sentient Life & Artificial Intelligence WORKING PAPER: First Publication for Prior Art and Scholarly Review #AIassisted Methods note: This paper originated as the author’s rough draft and was developed through a structured human-AI collaboration process consistent with the framework it advocates. The author sourced supporting and opposing literature…
知識的類型 (Kinds of knowledge)｜楊梓燁（阿捷）
知識論(Epistemology or the theory of knowledge)是哲學最重要的課題之一。許多哲學家認為它是哲學的中心領域。一言以蔽之，知識論就是研究知識的課題。但什麼是知識？我們可先從日常語言中「知道」的用法入手。
知識的三種類型 「知道」（know） [1]是我們經常使用與聽到的日常用語，譬如我知道香港中文大學在香港、我知道1+1=2、我知道如何踩單車、我知道誰是陳偉霆。哲學家依據「知道」的不同意思，把知識分為至少三種重要類型，分別為命題知識、對象知識與能力知識。
命題知識(Propositional knowledge) 讓我們先討論什麼是命題知識。「命題」是哲學裡非常專技的概念，我們在此只需要掌握它基本的內涵。
自然語言有很多種，例如中文、法文、英文……它們都使用不同的符號與語法規則構造字詞與句子，譬如： 1.這天空是藍色的 2. The sky is blue
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