Nez Perce Chief Joseph and his family in Leavenworth, Kansas where they were exiled from 1877 to 1885.
Photographer: F. M. Sargent

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Nez Perce Chief Joseph and his family in Leavenworth, Kansas where they were exiled from 1877 to 1885.
Photographer: F. M. Sargent
Nez Perce Chief Joseph and his family in Leavenworth, KS where they were exiled from 1877 to 1885.
Source details and larger version.
Vintage Native American art.
"It does not require many words to speak the truth." ~ Chief Joseph
I love this speech! History repeats itself.
“U.S. people are taught that their military culture does not approve of or encourage targeting and killing civilians and know little or nothing about the nearly three centuries of war-fare-before and after the founding of the U.S.-that reduced the Indigenous peoples of the continent to a few reservations by burning their towns and fields and killing civilians, driving the refugees out--step by step--across the continent....Violence directed systematically against noncombatants through irregular means, from the start, has been a central part of Americans' way of war. “
Military Historian John Grenier
Excerpt from Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz’s book:
An Indigenous People’s History of the United States
In the Name of All Humanity
photos (c) riverwindphotography, June 2023, taken at the Idaho Anne Frank Human Rights Memorial, Boise, ID