#data analysis interpretation

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Data Analysis-capstone Milestone Assignment 2: Methods

In this study was used this data set:

Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS):Step 'Nout, 2002-2006 [UnitedStates].

Sample:

In the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies the target population is parolees with pre-incarceration substance use disorders who are at moderate-to-high-risk of recidivism.

Inclusion criteria are:

(a) at least 18 years of age;

(b) English speaking;

(c) Probable drug dependence immediately prior to incarceration as determined by a score of 3 or higher on the TCU Drug Screen II (Knight, Simpson, & Hiller, 2002) or mandated drug treatment; (d) Substance use treatment as a mandated or recommended condition of parole;

(e) Moderate-to-high-risk of drug relapse and=or recidivism as determined by a Lifestyle Criminality Screening Form (LCSF) score of or greater (Walters & McDonough, 1998), or a history of two or more prior episodes of drug abuse treatment or drug-related convictions.

Exclusion criteria are: (a) psychotic symptoms on a SCID screener (First, 2002); and (b) Correctional or supervision conditions that prohibit them from participating in the study, including failure to leave prison on parole or probation; mandate to a special parole caseload; or transfer to a non-participating supervision office.

Characteristics of Participants:

Recruitment for the Step’n Out study began in March 2005 and continued until September 2007. The refusal rate has been approximately 10% with another 10% of contacted subjects failing to meet eligibility criteria. Across sites, 406 participants have been randomized. Subjects are approximately 83% male, mean age is 34 #8.9 years, and traditional racial minorities comprise the majority enrolled.

Measures:

The ethnic group ( exactly- What ethnic group do you consider yourself? ) is the response variable

and it was measured for our main focus. This are mainly the groups which are the most drug-dependent, or addicted:

Predictors included:

Received residential treatment in prison,

Received residential treatment after release from prison

Your drug use is a problem for you

Use more drugs than intended or for longer amount of time

Unable to cut down

( CHETHN What ethnic group do you consider yourself?

RTPRRC Received residential treatment in prison

RTARRC Received residential treatment after release from prison

CESI001 Your drug use is a problem for you

TCU001 Use more drugs than intended or for longer amount of time

TCU002 Unable to cut down )

The records were used to determine these factors:

if there are any treatments in prison or not and after releasing it,

if withdrawal when not taking drug,

if the troubles were so long after non using drugs, or:

there is any dependance on these groups.

Analyses:

The distributions for the predictors and the ethnic group response variable were evaluated by examining frequency tables for categorical variables and calculating the mean, standard deviation and minimum and maximum values for categorical variables. Because my all- response and explanatory variables are categorical.

Scatter plots and box plots were also examined, and

ANOVA test is a way to find out if our experiment results are significant.

We can figure out if we need to reject the null hypothesis or accept the alternate hypothesis. One-way or two-way refers to the number of independent variables in the Analysis of Variance test. One-way has one independent variable and two-way has two independent variables (can have multiple levels). The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the means of independent (unrelated) groups.

CHI SQUARE test was used for the chi-square statistic and distribution for independence

- compares two variables in a contingency table to see if they are related. In a more general sense, it tests to see whether distributions of categorical variables differ from each another to identify the subset of variables that best predicted ethnic group.

ANOVA/DUNCAN was used: When we run Analysis of Variance, the results will tell us if there is a difference in means. However, it won’t pinpoint which means are different. Duncan’s Multiple Range test (DMRT) is a post hoc test to measure specific differences between pairs of means.

PROC GLM- general linear model that I used is for a basic linear regression. I was adding all of the categorical explanatory variables for identifying the groups that are in accordance with the response variable or not.