#delocalization

[superpte]

Photons, And All Particles, Delocalize In Flight

Abstract: That photons delocalize in flight was so obvious, Huyghens described them as waves four centuries ago. That’s reinforced both from the math of Quantum Mechanics, and traditional diffraction math. Let alone 2023 Quantum Entanglements of Pions. Time to erect bolder hypotheses to try to understand what’s really going on. *** That a photon is received as a photon, a single localized…

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[organic-chemistry-notes]

Resonance Structures and De-Localization

When you draw a molecule, you are not drawing what it actually looks like. What you are really drawing is one of its resonance structures.

There are multiple ways to draw the Lewis structures for many of the chemical compounds we use, each of which is a simplification of the real molecule's structure. These are Resonance Structures.

The structure of the ACTUAL molecule is a combination of these different structures, called a Resonance Hybrid.

Different resonance structures do not mean you are dealing with a physically different molecule - it is the same molecule being drawn as a simplified form of the actual structure, because delocalized electrons are really, really, really hard to draw.

For example, Resonance Structure A might have a positive charge on the second atom, while Resonance Structure B might have the charge shown on the third atom. They are both the same molecule, and on the actual molecule the two atoms share the charge, but we draw the charge on one of the two atoms for simplicity when making Lewis Structures.

In the actual structure, the charge being spread out over many atoms is called "de-localized", because the charge is not local to any specific atom. (Think of the atoms as cities, where you are local if you live there, but you are de-local if you move around between a lot of them.)

De-localizing charges moves like charges further apart, so compounds that have resonance are more stable than compounds that do not. These are "resonance-stabilized" structures.

The stability of a specific resonance structure shows us how close it is to the actual structure of the molecule. The more stable the resonance structure, the closer it is to the actual structure. The less stable the structure, the less accurate it is when compared to the actual structure.

More stable structures: Major Contributors.

Less stable structures: Minor Contributors.

[intheoryitrust]

soundsofistanbul1 (the industrial) İkitelli'de, organize sanayi yapılarını gezerken, Şişhane'deki aydınlatmacıların ya da Gedikpaşa'daki ayakkabıcıların neden merkezden uzaklaşmaya ayak dirediklerini anlamak, daha olası hale geliyor. Parçası oldukları ekonomik sistemden uzaklaşmak, iş-ev-sosyal hayat üçgeninin parçalanması bir yana, böylesi yapıların nasıl yalnızlaştırdığını da görmek gerekiyor. Çay aranızı artık çocukların oynadığı bir sokağa çıkarak vermiyorsunuz; sizi karanlık koridorlar karşılıyor. Malzeme almak için gönderdiğiniz çırak, koşturmasından fırsat bilip temiz havaya çıkamıyor; tozlu ve kapalı mekanlar arasında sekmesi gerekiyor. Evet, tüm bu yaklaşım çok romantik. Ve evet, endüstri üretiminin verimliliği ve sağlık koşulları için bu gibi yok-yerlere tıkıştırılması kaçınılmaz gözüküyor.  Ama böylesi mekanlara ilişkin yegane güzellik, hala, endüstriyel olanın mükemmel geometrisi ve metalik ritimli sesinden ibaret gibi geliyor.