Fortress planting observations. Fortress plants use applied ecological succession to keep grass and running weeds from invading our garden beds. Ideally, you can have the opposite problem, where you need to work to keep the food garden from invading the lawn! Image 1, last summer. You can see how in late summer/early fall, plants were still overhanging the lawn path. In the following images, you can see which appeared to have a significant allelopathic (toxic) effect on the grass. In this kind of mixed perennial/annual no-till garden. Generally, woody mediterranean herbs seem to work well on our site, including skullcap, which surprises me. North American natives, which did not evolve to compete with Eurasian grasses, do very poorly. Sorrels, Turkish rocket, comfrey, crosnes, Jerusalem artichoke all work very well on our site. Since grasses run this time of year, by May 1, this damage to the grass should be repaired. This year, we might try to keep a better balance, so the lawn doesn't get beat up quite so badly. In a few pictures, you can see grass encroachment... native plants, baby's breath, lupines, brassicas, and sea kale had no repellant effect on grasses in our garden, and seem to almost work like a welcome mat inviting grasses into their root zones. #Permaculture #dynamicpolycultures #plantguilds https://www.instagram.com/p/Bv-PqZxAxBA/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=180cd003z84bv