Sorry if you've already answered but what happens if you miss a prayer? Can you just make it up at a different time? And is it only excusable a certain amount of times, like is it worse if it happens frequently?
If you miss a prayer, you must make up for it.
Fundamentally, no- it is haraam to miss a prayer and there is only one time it becomes excusable, and that is by oversleeping. A Muslim must prioritize and dedicate a total of 15-20 minutes of their day to the worship of God, no ifs and buts. A Muslim must perform the prayer to the best of their abilities (if they cannot stand, they can sit, etc). Each prayer takes about 2-5 minutes to perform and must be prayed within their appropriate timeframe. However, the Ja’afari school (Shi’a Islam) allows you to pray the noon and afternoon prayer one after another, similarly you are allowed to pray the sunset prayer and night prayer one after another. Thus, instead of five separate times, yo can pray all the five daily prayers only in three separate times, giving you plenty of time to perform them. The reason for this is simply because of convenience. It becomes virtually impossible to miss a prayer this way.
Most Sunni schools (with the exception of the Hanafites) allow the combination of prayers out of fear, when travelling, when it rains and when in a journey.
If you do miss a prayer, you must make up for it, but it will not hold the same benefit as a prayer done in time. A person who is on their period is exempted from prayer and is not required to make up for it.
