Externism
Externism is a fictional philosophical theory proposed by the famous fictitious Czech genius Jára Cimrman. The theory of Externism is described in a monologue by a Cimrmanologist having a lecture on Jára Cimrman's significance in the field of philosophy in the first act of the theatre play Akt. This epistemological theory contradicts the traditional theory of solipsism. While solipsists believe that only their individual self exists and the external world does not, Jára Cimrman came with the idea that it is the external world which exists and the philosopher's individual self does not. An object is located in the place where we think it is not, and it is not in the place where we consider it to be. According to this vulgar materialist (which also means "pharmacist" in Czech), the truth is the basic principle of our knowledge. In the beginning of the learning process, the truth is inaccurate and we make it more precise. Finally, we know everything. Oppositively, Cimrman stated that in the beginning of every learning process, our knowledge is formed by a mistake, which is precise, and we must disconfirm it. Finally, we know nothing. On the contrary, he sees the learning process positively as a process of disproving the initial mistake. Thus we can finally stand face-to-face with the Universe, having our head clear and empty. The fact that in the end we know nothing is just a logical consequence of Cimrman's externism. Therefore, in the end of the process, we know nothing but we know it exactly. Thus, "we know everything: we know nothing."