Oct 27, 2025
EXPLORATORY MODELS.....all by hand - no machines necessary
_ik
seen from United States
seen from Germany
seen from Kenya
seen from Türkiye
seen from United States
seen from Türkiye
seen from Singapore
seen from Greece
seen from Germany
seen from Russia
seen from Germany
seen from South Korea
seen from India
seen from Australia
seen from Australia
seen from Singapore
seen from United States
seen from Malaysia
seen from United States
seen from Poland
EXPLORATORY MODELS.....all by hand - no machines necessary
_ik
EXPLORATORY MODELS.....all by hand - no machines necessary.
_ik
When a homeowner sees a crack in his slab, especially if the concrete is relatively new, our first assumption is typically that something has been done wrong, but this is not always the case. Concrete has a tendency to crack as it dries. And external stresses will also cause cracking over time.
Floor slabs are part of the structure of a building that are formed using concrete and generally with steel reinforcement.
Solid floor chunks must be arranged mindfully and in its legitimate designing manner. Here are 5 significant focuses you should think about doing pieces.
Solid Floor Slab is a fundamental segment that comes in various structures. The most well-known ones are the piece on-grade and suspended chunks. Piece on grade or regularly called SOG is a solid section put on the head of totally compacted earth materials.
Suspended sections, then again, are raised pieces that structure the stories on each building and housetop decks. Fitting heights and leveling must be done on tossing solid pieces. Thusly, settlement in light of self-weight loads and other external force instigated by the structure must be considered before the veritable tossing of the chunks, especially for suspended pieces.
Assessing steel bars to convey nearby
Setting up a gauge to pass on location must be arranged depending upon the need nearby. Adventure engineers base the gauge to pass on a rundown pre-arranged by the amount assessors. Some endeavor engineers need to have their individual site engineers check the evaluations of the amount assessors and balance it with the genuine number of steel bars required nearby.
As a general rule, the data given by the site engineers wins and is used by the acquisition bunch on gaining the hard and fast number of steel bars. Moreover, engineers consider including at any rate 10% of the authentic appraisals as a wastage factor.
When you build structures that would come in contact with water constantly, you need to waterproof the concrete. This article talks about how you can do it.
Concrete Floor Slab is a basic component that comes in numerous structures. The most common ones are the slab-on-grade and suspended slabs. Slab on grade or commonly called SOG is a concrete slab put on the head of completely compacted earth materials.
Suspended slabs, on the other hand, are elevated slabs that structure the tales on each building and rooftop decks. Appropriate elevations and leveling must be done on throwing concrete slabs. Along these lines, settlement because of self-weight loads and other outer power incited by the structure must be considered before the genuine throwing of the slabs, particularly for suspended slabs.
To get rid of common errors in concrete floor slab construction, various steps like perfect base preparation, mix design, placement, finishing, and curing should be taken.
To get rid of common errors in concrete floor slab construction, various steps like perfect base preparation, mix design, placement, finishing, and curing should be taken.
Typical concrete floor slab thickness in residential construction should be 4 inches. In case the concrete has to sustain extreme loads irregularly, the thickness should be five to six inches; as for instance, motor homes or garbage trucks.
To arrange the base, the ground level should be dug according to the perfect depth to provide for the slab thickness. Take out all organic material and large hard objects like stones and tree roots to a depth of minimum 4 inches. If it is required to develop the grade, apply gravel or sandy soil, and compress the final base with a vibratory plate or equivalent device.
The edge is built up with any straight material that can be fixed into position. If case of constant non-availability of straight lumber, plastic or metal forms should be used. Fix a string line with grade stakes or batter boards to provide a square, level reference prior to place the formwork.
For the concrete mix, it should satisfy the compressive strength requirements (normally 3000 pounds per square inch) devoid of measures that lead to extreme shrinkage. The shrinkage and cracking are increased because of the existence of water, a plasticizer should be used to attain required slump.
Also provide fibers to check plastic shrinkage cracking. Greater strength and entrained air are necessary for exterior slabs susceptible to freezing weather or deicing chemicals.
It is suggested not to add water at the jobsite more than 1 to 2 gallons per cubic yard. In case, extra slump is essential, take advice from the mixer truck driver concerning the quantity of water to be included devoid of taking the concrete out of specification.
Spread the concrete accross the slab area as close to its final position as possible, and then rake it into exact location. Hardens low-slump mixes manually with a vibrator or apply a vibratory screed. Complete with the least force and strokes of the float required to attain a smooth surface.
Develop control joints no farther apart than 24 to 30 times the slab thickness and at no time exceeding 15 feet along both the width and length of the slab by pushing a 1-inch deep grooving tool into the surface.
To keep Joint spacing more than 15 feet, different types of load transfer devices should be used which range from dowels or dowel plates. For slabs with long joint spacing or no joints, steel reinforcement will be suitable.
It will raise the chances for random cracking, but will maintain cracks firmly to keep up superior structural performance.
The curing process should be initiated when the finished surface can counter damage. The concrete should not be enabled to freeze or dry out. Arrange a curing compound over the surface, or apply proper moist curing.
In case of freezing, the slab should be wrapped with an insulator, like insulating blankets or a 4-inch-thick layer of straw that is weighted down so that it can’t blow away. Unless the concrete attains a strength of minimum 500 psi, put the insulator in place. It normally happens within a few days.
Read more
Drawing of constructive steel structure details AutoCAD file which includes foundation plan, section, floor slab plan with details of centerlines and dimension and also includes a constructive section of floor slab etc.
In this construction video tutorial, you will learn how post tension RCC slabs are built up as well as how post tensioning is performed and benefits of post tensioning process.
In this construction video tutorial, you will learn how post tension RCC slabs are built up as well as how post tensioning is performed and benefits of post tensioning process.
POST TENSION SLAB: It refers to the slab that is tensioned as soon as the slab is developed. Reinforcement is arranged to avoid the compression.
In Post tension slab, cables or steel tendons are utilized to substitute the reinforcement. Post-tensioning offers a solution to get rid of the natural weakness of concrete in tension as well as optimize its strength in compression.
In concrete structures, this is obtained by arranging high-tensile steel tendons/cables in the element prior to start the casting. If the concrete attains the required strength, the tendons are pulled with special hydraulic jacks and retained in tension with specially designed anchorages which are attached at each end of the tendon.
It creates compression at the edge of the structural member that increases the strength of the concrete for resisting tension stresses.
If tendons are correctly curved to a specific profile, they will exert, other than compression at the perimeter, a useful ascendant set of forces (load balancing forces) that will neutralize applied loads, alleviating the structure from a portion of gravity effects.
In this type of concrete slab, cables are affixed in place of reinforcement. In Steel reinforcement the gapping among bars is 4inch to 6inch while in Post tension slab the gapping is in excess of 2m.
Go through the following video tutorial, to get more details on post tension slab.