History Ch-2 : Nationalism in India
[Grade 10 (Ncert)]
Problems cos of ww1
Inflation
Forced recruitment in villages-> No farmers-> Food shortages
Influenza epidemic
12-13 mill ppl died cos of famine and influenza
January 1915-> Gandhiji comes from South Africa
-> Had used satyagraha in S.A to fight against raciist regime
-> Said causes is honest, struggle is against injustice no physical force needed.
-> Satyagrahi doesn't need vengance or agression to win a battle.
-> Fight oppression by appealing to oppressors conscience.
-> Truth bound to ultimate trimph
-> Belived dharma of non violence cud unite all Indians.
1917
Champaran-> Satyagraha movement to help peasants against oppressive plantation system.
2. Kheda-> Peasants cudnt pay revenue cos of crop failure and Plague. -> Satyagraha to relax revenue collection
1918
Ahmedabad-> Cotton mill workers
1919
Rowlatt act hurridley passed in Imperial Legislative Council
-> Gave govt. right to detain pollitical prisnors without trail
-> Cud be detained for 2 years
-> Gave govt. lot of power to oppress political activity
2. Nationwide non-violent civil disobedience( NOT CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT!!!)
-> April6th - Hartal
->Rallies in cities
->workers on strike in railway workshops
-> Shops closed
3.British Alarmed
-> local leaders picked up from amritsar
-> Gandhiji barred from Delhi
-> April 10th - Police fired on peaceful procession in Amritsar
-Ppl attacked banks, post offices, railway station.
-Martial law; Genral dyer took command
-> April 13 - Jallinwalla Bagh Massacre
Large crowd; Some to celebrate baisakhi, others to protest against govt
Ppl came from villages and were thus unaware of thr martial law.
Dyer blocked exits and opend fire, killing hundreds of innocent ppl.
said "To produce a moral effect", to create in satyagrahis feelings of terror and awe
Newws spread; crowds took to streets; strikes, clashes with cops, govt buildings attacked.
Satyagrahis humiliated
ppl flogged and villages bombed
-> The movement was called of due to violence
