Defending the Republic: The USS CONSTITUTION vs HMS JAVA, War of 1812, by Patrick O'Brien (1960-)
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Defending the Republic: The USS CONSTITUTION vs HMS JAVA, War of 1812, by Patrick O'Brien (1960-)
Shocked by American naval victories in 1812, the British credited runaways among the victorious crews. The British diplomat, Thomas Barclay, insisted that former Britons comprised two-thirds of the sailors on American warships: “It is an abuse of words to call the crews of the U.S. Ships American. They are British crews commanded by American officers.” They fought so hard and well, Barclay insisted, from a desperate fear of capture and execution as deserters. “The naval engagements which have taken place may with truth be termed actions between British Seamen in different Ships,” he concluded.
— Alan Taylor, The Civil War Of 1812: American Citizens, British Subjects, Irish Rebels, and Indian Allies
USS Constitution vs. HMS Java, by Anton Otto Fischer.
The Action between Java and the Constitution December 1812 - Montagu Dawson
Loss of H.M. ship's Blenheim and Java in a hurricane off Rodriguez; the brig Harrier escaping, 5th February 1807 by Thomas Buttersworth
USS Constitution defeats HMS Java, 29th December 1812 by Anton Otto Fischer (1882-1962)
“War of 1812”, depicting the USS Constitution defeating the HMS Java of the British Royal Navy, by D. Green 1974
The Action between HMS Java and USS Constitution December 1812, by Montague Dawson (1890–1973)
The action between H.M.S. Java and the U.S. frigate Constitution off Brazil, 29 December 1812, by John Steven Dews (1949- )