Internet Protocol IP Addressing And Subnetting
IP Addressing And Subnetting - You Need IP Address For Your Computer To Communicate With Another Computer With IP Address, In Simple Words, Every Computer Should Have IP Address, So That Computers Can Interconnect To Send And Receive Data. But What Is IP Addressing? IP Address Is 32 Bit. Which Consists Of Four Parts. Each Part Contains 8 Bits.
If You Observe Above Four Sections, Each Section Contains 8 Bits, Total 32 Bit (Binary Language) 195.195.92.165 Is Dotted Decimal Number(Human Understandable Language) Binary Language Is Converted To Human Understandable Language, i.e Decimal. 195.195.92.165 Is A IP Address. The Way IP Addresses For Computers Are Allocated Same Like The Numbers Allocated To Our Mobile Phones.
If You Observe The First Three PARTS Address Above 195.195.92 Is The Network Code And 165 Is The Host ID(Computer ID), Where 040 Is The Area Code And 24031001 Is The ID Of The Phone. And Also In Other Cases, Network Code Can Be Two Parts, Can Be One Part, We Will See That Furthur.
Classes
IP Address = Network ID + HOST ID(COMPUTER ID) There Are Five Different Classes For IP Address. Each Of These Classes Have A Specific Function
ABC Classes Are For Allocating IP Address,D Is For Multicasting, E Is Reserved For Future Experimental Use.
CLASS A
In Class A The IP Address Consists Of Network In First Part And Host In Other Three Parts. The Leading Bit In The First Part Will Be Always 0 And Other Remaining 7 Bits Is Used To Create Network ID. Means 7 Bits = 27 Networks(128) It Is Possible To Create 128 Networks. Other Three Parts IP Address,i.e 24 Bits Can Be Used To Create Host ID's. Means 24 Bits = 224 Hosts(Computers) It Is Possible To Create 16,777,216 Hosts(Computers) Means Using Class IP Addresses, It Is Possible To Create 128 Networks, Each Network Containing 224 Hosts(Computers) First Part Decimal Range Is 1-126*
CLASS B
Class B IP Address Consists Of Network In First Two Parts And Host In Second Two Parts,16bit+16bit=32bit The Leading Bit Will Be 10 And The Remaining 14 Bits In The First Two Parts Is Used To Create Network Id Means 14 Bits = 214 Networks 16,384 Networks Other Two Parts Of IP Address,i.e 16 Bits Can Be Used To Create Host ID's Means 16 Bits = 216 Hosts(Computers) It Is Possible To Create 65,536 Hosts(Computers) Means Using Class B IP Addresses, It Is Possible To Create 16,384 Networks,Each Network Containing 65,536 Hosts(Computers) First Part(Octet) Range Is 128-191
CLASS C
Class C IP Address Consists Of Network ID In First Three Parts And Host In The Last Part,24bit+8bit=32bit The Leading Bit Will Be 110 And The Remaining 21 Bits In The First Three Parts Is Used To Create Network Id Means 21 Bits = 221 Networks 2,097,152 Last Part Of IP Address, i.e 8bit Can Be Used To Create Host ID's Means 8 Bit = 28 Hosts(Computers) It Is Possible To Create 256 Hosts(Computer Id's) Means Using Class C IP Address, It Is Possible To Create 2,097,152 Networks And 256 Hosts(Computer Id's) First Part(Octet) Range Is (192-223)
An Another Important Thing For IP Address Is Subnet Mask
An IP Address Is 32 Bit Long. One Portion Of The Address Indicates A Network Id And Another Portion Indicates The Host(or router) On The Network(Host id) To Reach On The Internet, We Must First Reach The Network. Using The First Portion Of The Address(Network Id).Then, We Must Reach The Host Itself Using The Second Portion(Host Id). The Furthur Division Of A Network Into Smaller Networks Called Subnetworks. The Subnet Mask Of Class A IP Address is 255.0.0.0 i.e 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 The Subnet Mask Of Class B IP Address is 255.255.0.0 i.e 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 The Subnet Mask Of Class B IP Address is 255.255.255.0 i.e 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Special IP Addresses
The Three Special IP Addresses Are LoopBack Address, Network Address, And Broadcast Address LoopBack Address Is 127.0.0.0, Any Packet Sent To This Address Will Be Loop Directly Back To The Sender This Is Used To Test Network Applications Before They Are Used Commercially. Network Address Is The IP Address In Which All The Host ID's Are Set To 0 Examples Class A - 106.0.0.0 Class B - 167.152.0.0 Class C - 195.195.167.0 Broadcast Address Is The IP Address In Which All The Host ID's Are Set To 255 Examples Class A - 162.255.255.255 Class B - 168.157.255.255 Class C - 195.197.67.255 Using Network Address And Broadcast Address The Amount Of Available Host ID's Is Always Decreased By 2, This Means The Amount Of Available Host ID's Will Use In Class A,B,C Are As Follows Class A - 16,777,216 - 2 = 16,777,214 Hosts Class B - 65,536 - 2 = 65,534 Hosts Class C - 256 - 2 = 254 Read the full article