Verbs 1
Versión en español ->aquí
みんなさん、こんにちは。
Now that we have already rewiewed a little about the usages of some basic particles and know some common nouns, it is the moment to start learning about japanese verbs and their elemental conjugation.
VERB´s ANATOMY.
Let´s use the following verb to describe their general estructure.
*食べる = たべる = to eat.
食= ‘The root or the stem’ this part is almost always written in kanji, and with exception of the irregular verbs its pronuniciation and writing never changes.
べ= ‘The base’ it is a complement of the root which is not always present (some verbs have it and others no), however when it is present as with the root, its pronunciation and writing does not change.
る= 'The ending’. The verb shown as an example is in its 辞書系 (じしょけい) or dictionary form and this is a kind of conjugation. So depending of the tense, politeness level and the intention of the speaker it is how we are going to conjugate the verb and how we are going to change the ending.
CLASSIFICATION.
This is doing by segregating the verbs in their dictionary form into three different groups.
Group 1 - u ending.
The u ending is not exclusive for the verbs which end in う, but for all the verbs that in their last kana the 'u’ sound it is present. Let´s see some examples for a better understanding.
～う 吸う = すう = to smoke.
買う = かう = to buy.
～く 行く = いく = to go.
聞く = きく = to hear, to listen.
～ぐ 泳ぐ = およぐ = to swim.
脱ぐ = ぬぐ = to undress.
～す 話す = はなす = to talk, to speak.
押す = おす = to push, to press.
～つ 待つ = まつ = to wait.
～ぬ 死ぬ = しぬ = to die.
～ぶ 遊ぶ = あそぶ = to play.
飛ぶ = とぶ = to fly.
～む 飲む = のむ = to drink.
読む = よむ = to read.
～る 売る = うる = to sell.
帰る = かえる = to return.
Group 2 - iru and eru endings.
I am going to explain this using ロ―マ字, once you see it this way it will be quite easy to understand this group.
寝る = ねる = neru = to go to bed, to sleep.
食べる = たべる = taberu = to eat..
見る = みる = miru = to see, to watch.
起きる = おきる = okiru = to get up, to wake up.
Exceptions: They are some verbs that although they have an iru or eru ending, they end up following the rules of the group 1. Some examples are:
入る = はいる = to enter, to go into.
走る = はしる = to run.
切る = きる = to cut..
Group 3 - Irregulars.
They are only two! They are called 'irregulars’ because when you want to conjugate them they tend to do not follow any rule and their form changes almost completely. These two are:
する = to do.
来る = くる = to come.
Why is important this classification?
It is important because every group follows differents rules according the tense you want to use (present simple, past simple…) Further on we are going to see some basic tenses in japanese so I hope this will be clearer soon.
ありがとうございます。:))
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