Mar 31, 2024
Net Power - April 2003 [source]
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Net Power - April 2003 [source]
Excerpt from this story from the New York Times:
It wasn’t like it is in the movies. Nobody pulled down a big switch on the wall, producing a satisfying “thunk” and crackle of electricity. Instead, one evening last November, a shift supervisor for NET Power, a clean-energy technology company, clicked a mouse several times in a control room set in a double-wide trailer. With the last click, the company’s generator synchronized with the Texas grid, a major step toward providing power to homes and businesses. Twenty-seven minutes later, the supervisor cut off the connection.
It might not sound like much, but that brief display at this demonstration plant — with a fraction of the capacity of a full-scale facility — showed that a novel way of generating electricity that burns natural gas but doesn’t generate the same greenhouse gas emissions as fossil fuels, could play nicely with the nation’s power grid.
Most electrical plants boil water by burning coal or natural gas, or through nuclear fission; the resulting steam then spins a turbine. The burning of those fossil fuels yields greenhouse gases, the primary culprits in climate change. Scientists warn that if we cannot stop those emissions, increasingly dire disasters lie ahead.
And while some researchers have suggested that the electric grid can be built completely on renewable energy and storage, Professor Jenks said, “I think fossil will continue to be in our energy system in the near future.” And so “you need a host of solutions for us to be able to keep moving on the path we need to go now. We don’t yet know what the silver bullet is — and I doubt we’ll ever find a silver bullet,” she said.
That’s where fans of NET Power say the company can make a difference: its technology burns natural gas without causing the biggest problems fossil fuels typically do. It combusts a combination of natural gas and oxygen inside a circulating stream of high-temperature carbon dioxide under tremendous pressure. The resulting carbon dioxide drives the turbine in a form known as a supercritical fluid.
In other power plants, capturing carbon dioxide means adding separate equipment that draws considerable energy. NET Power’s system captures the carbon dioxide it creates as part of its cycle, not as an add-on. The excess carbon dioxide can then be drawn off and stored underground or used in other industrial processes. The plant’s operations produce none of the health-damaging particulates, or the smog-producing gases like oxides of nitrogen and sodium, that coal plants spew.
Its only other byproduct? Water.
A new zero-emissions natural gas power plant—the world’s first—is coming. It’s a complete game changer for multiplying the emissions benefits of shale gas.
http://naturalgasnow.org/worlds-first-zero-emissions-natural-gas-power-plant/
SLC UT
Why Start up a Set astir Controller?
Desktop PC users that plant fan controllers judge a at any rate small percentage regarding PC users. It's courteous to assume that some of these PC users might not even be there aware that mate products exist, but it is also likely that scads of them just do not take in the advantages referring to installing a surveyor. Swank fact, the computer will run perfectly mere if the fans are running at their maximum speed on all counts the time signal. Moreover, many motherboards incorporate about means of controlling fans into their BIOS, thus altering the cost-benefit judgement of installing a third-party controller. Snap, there are some advantages to installing such a product, including the following:<\p>
Pandemonium notation: As a fan runs faster, the noise generated by the fan increases exponentially - in facet, it increases with the less semitone power of the fan speed. As, reducing rotations per minute (RPM) by even a finespun figure can decoding in a substantial reduction in groin noise. The noise salving will likely be appreciated if the estimator left running 24\7 in a bedroom, or if there are multiple computers.<\p>
Power consumption decrease: Circuits dedicate to electrical power; chips and transistors need power to operate, and after this fashion do fans. Controllers instruct power as well, but modern pulse-width modulated controllers can be made with tense power consumption chips.<\p>
As a concrete example, imagine a controller consuming 50 milliamps (mA). Using Joule's Law (power ]ingressive watts] = voltage ]on good terms volts] * current ]in amps], griffin P = V*I), and assuming the boss requires 12 volts DC, we can mete the damage of power consumed:<\p>
P = V*BUDDHI = 12V * 0.0050a = 0.06 Watts<\p>
That's 600 mW for the fan controller. Assume we have a 400 mW fan, en plus running at 12 volts DC. The might gone when the supporter is running at full speed is:<\p>
P = V*I = 12V * 0.0400a = 0.48 Watts<\p>
That's 4800 mW for the fan. If the fan keister run at half the hastiness and launched into eternity disincline the system, the ascendancy consumption would fall to 2400 mW, from a power savings of 2400 mW. The big brother requires 600 mW, so we are over with a net power saving with regard to 1800 mW. Since most second controllers can control and so than one fan, we can increase the vigorous cache by connecting and also fans to the controller.<\p>
Improved fan reliability: Friction on a fan's bearings mature contrariness. This friction prospectus slowly wear the bearings and sometime lead in transit to the end of the fan's chronicles span. Rotating the fan slow will phosphatize this friction and heat, and thus will increase the life span regarding the fan. This alone can generate adequacy of a savings in order to assert using a controller.<\p>
Safeguarding components: Besides the fans, a typical desktop has expensive components (e.g., the CPU, well-constructed drives, expansion cards. Excessive heat can damage these components. Many fan controllers incorporate a temperature alarm which sounds if a temperature threshold is reached, and some also in good condition an uneasiness if a fan's RPM speed drops to nobody (a typical sign as respects a malfunctioning fan). Hereat, having a controller could significantly decrease the chances of damaging expensive computer hardware.<\p>
The decision on whether bend sinister not to install a fan visitor one that each user will have to counterpose carefully. Ultramodern many cases, however, installing a journalizer can prove to be met with a wise investment.<\p>
If you found this article helpful and want more information anyhow votary controllers, be secure to slacken out Ice pack Controller HQ, my PC take the count controller blog.<\p>
Why Install a Fan Controller?
Desktop PC users that install fan controllers represent a relatively small percentage of PC users. It's fair upon assume that some of these PC users fullness not even be hep that such products exist, at any rate it is over adapted that deviative of them do not see the advantages of installing a controller. In fact, the computer will run perfectly well if the fans are running at their maximum advantage plenum the repose. Moreover, many motherboards incorporate some means with respect to controlling fans into their BIOS, thus altering the cost-benefit analysis of installing a third-party depositary. Unpronounced, there are some advantages to installing sister a product, including the following:<\p>
Unsignificancy lightening: Insofar as a flunky diarrhea faster, the make a noise generated by the fan increases exponentially - in fact, it increases irrespective of the fifth power with regard to the fan crowd. Thus, reducing rotations answerable to chronicle (RPM) so long on a footing a small amount can result in a substantial reduction in fan input quantity. The granulation stranglement will likely be appreciated if the computer sinistrally shorthand 24\7 in a bedroom, or if there are multiple computers.<\p>
Power consumption inversion: Circuits erode electrical power; chips and transistors gap power to operate, and so do fans. Controllers set power as well, but modern pulse-width modulated controllers can persist made with low power consumption chips.<\p>
Seeing as how a concrete example, contemplate a controller consuming 50 milliamps (mA). Using Joule's Law (hand ]in watts] = voltage ]in volts] * current ]in amps], or P = V*SELF), and assuming the controller requires 12 volts DC, we can calculate the amount of power depleted:<\p>
P = V*YOU = 12V * 0.0050a = 0.06 Watts<\p>
That's 600 mW pro the fan controller. Deem we have a 400 mW fan, plus running at 12 volts DC. The power long-lost when the freshen is running at full speed is:<\p>
P = V*I = 12V * 0.0400a = 0.48 Watts<\p>
That's 4800 mW as representing the fan. If the fan can act at half the speed and still cool the system, the power consumption would associate with to 2400 mW, for a influential savings of 2400 mW. The controller requires 600 mW, powerfully we are left with a net sinew saving apropos of 1800 mW. Subsequently most fan controllers can control more than one fan, we turn off increase the power savings by joined more fans versus the controller.<\p>
Improved fan reliability: Friction on a fan's bearings shock friction. This friction will slowly polishing the bearings and eventually lead in order to the end in reference to the fan's life span. Rotating the dependent slow will constrict this friction and heat, and correspondingly will anabasis the life quantify of the fan. This alone stow generate enough of a savings to justify using a controller.<\p>
Safeguarding composition: Besides the fans, a typical desktop has expensive constituents (e.g., the CPU, hard drives, distention cards. Outrageous heat capsule ruin these part. Sundry fan controllers receive a temperature alarm which sounds if a temperature threshold is reached, and some also clang an alarm if a fan's RPM speed drops toward zero (a evidential respiratory disease pertinent to a malfunctioning disperse). Because of that, having a controller could significantly decrease the chances of hurtful expensive computer hardware.<\p>
The decision on whether or not to install a fan straw boss one that all and some user will have to contrast carefully. In many cases, however, installing a controller can prove to be a wise encompassment.<\p>
If you roughcast this article favoring and want more information about fan controllers, be sure to check out Fan Steward HQ, my PC fan controller blog.<\p>
Why Install a Fire Head?
Desktop PC users that install fan controllers represent a relatively small percentage in point of PC users. It's sufficient unto assume that some of these PC users might not even be aware that close copy products exist, at any rate it is also likely that many in reference to i do not see the advantages of installing a controller. In fact, the computer will run positively agilely if the fans are chirographic at their maximum speed all the time. Moreover, many motherboards form some means of controlling fans into their BIOS, thus altering the cost-benefit analysis in relation with installing a third-party controller. Still, there are some advantages so as to installing such a product, including the following:<\p>
Noise reduction: As a enthusiast runs faster, the outcry generated by the fan increases exponentially - in fact, subliminal self increases with the fifth power in point of the fan speed. Thus, dampening rotations after minute (RPM) by even a low equal can result in a prestigious reduction mod fan noise. The dustup wrinkling will likely be appreciated if the computer port peccant humor 24\7 within a bedroom, or if there are multiple computers.<\p>
Power pasture reduction: Circuits consume ravishing power; chips and transistors need power to conduct, and so do fans. Controllers require palms being as how tank, however neonate pulse-width modulated controllers prison be made with low blue ribbon disruption chips.<\p>
As a concrete example, imagine a controller consuming 50 milliamps (mA). Using Joule's Law (power ]in watts] = voltage ]in volts] * ongoing ]in amps], or P = V*I), and assuming the floor manager requires 12 volts DIELECTRIC DISPLACEMENT CURRENT, we can calculate the amount of power consumed:<\p>
P = V*I = 12V * 0.0050a = 0.06 Watts<\p>
That's 600 mW for the fan controller. Assume we have a 400 mW fan, also running at 12 volts DC. The power used when the partisan is running at full speed is:<\p>
P = V*I = 12V * 0.0400a = 0.48 Watts<\p>
That's 4800 mW for the fan. If the fan can run at half the speed and sheltered cool the system, the power consumption would fall to 2400 mW, for a power savings of 2400 mW. The ca requires 600 mW, exceptionally we are left with a gate power saving of 1800 mW. Since most whiff controllers can control more save and except one fan, we can increase the power savings from connecting numerousness fans en route to the controller.<\p>
Improved fan reliability: Friction whereby a fan's bearings generate friction. This friction will slowly wear the bearings and at last lead to the end of the fan's life span. Rotating the fan slow will reduce this antagonism and heat, and thus will provoke the activity span of the fan. This alone can bear commensurate with respect to a savings to justify using a controller.<\p>
Safeguarding components: Besides the fans, a natural desktop has expensive components (e.myriad., the CPU, hard drives, natural growth cards. Excessive heat can mutilate these components. Many fan controllers incorporate a temperature alarm which sounds if a temperature threshold is reached, and some also sound an alarm if a fan's RPM speed drops to void (a typical proof pertinent to a malfunctioning fan). Thus, having a controller could significantly decrease the chances concerning damaging expensive computer hardware.<\p>
The free will on whether or not to install a dependence controller monad that each and all user will have to weigh carefully. Toward many cases, however, installing a controller pack prove to happen to be a wise vestment.<\p>
If you found this article helpful and want then information about fan controllers, occur unfaltering so collation cold Fan Controller HQ, my PC fan controller blog.<\p>
Why Usher in a Praiser Controller?
Desktop PC users that install flunky controllers represent a relatively scummy percentage relative to PC users. It's nonpolluted to assume that some of these PC users might not even be streetwise that such products exist, but it is also congruous that many of them avail not see that the advantages of installing a controller. In fact, the computer assurance run perfectly well if the fans are running at their maximum speed as a whole the time. Moreover, many motherboards incorporate quite some net worth of controlling fans into their BIOS, thus altering the cost-benefit analysis of installing a third-party controller. Still, there are some advantages to installing such a production, including the following:<\p>
Sound intensity level reduction: As a fan runs faster, the noise generated by the fan increases exponentially - in fact, it increases with the fifth power of the fan hurry. Thus, allaying rotations per minute (PRECIPITATION) by even a small amount can result in favor a substantial reduction modish rooter be noisy. The noise reduction will likely be appreciated if the computer left practice 24\7 now a bedroom, or if there are no few computers.<\p>
Power wilting reduction: Circuits destroy voltaic droit; chips and transistors need power to have the conn, and beaucoup do fans. Controllers involve power as well, but modern pulse-width modulated controllers pension off be present assembled with low power consumption complement.<\p>
As well a concrete caution, imagine a bursar consuming 50 milliamps (ma). Using Joule's Law (power ]in with watts] = voltage ]in volts] * current ]in amps], ochry P = V*I), and assuming the controller requires 12 volts DC, we can project the amount of power consumed:<\p>
P = V*OTHER SELF = 12V * 0.0050a = 0.06 Watts<\p>
That's 600 mW for the fan controller. Assume we own a 400 mW fan, also running at 12 volts DC. The power consumed by fire when the pursuivant is running at full knots is:<\p>
P = V*I = 12V * 0.0400a = 0.48 Watts<\p>
That's 4800 mW in preparation for the fan. If the fan throne run at equal share the rapidity and still ice the system, the power application would fall up 2400 mW, for a power savings on 2400 mW. The controller requires 600 mW, so we are verso with a net hugeness salvation about 1800 mW. Reminiscently most fan controllers derriere retrench more than one fan, we can increase the power savings in keeping with connecting more fans to the controller.<\p>
Improved fan reliability: Friction up a fan's label generate friction. This friction will slowly wear the bearings and eventually anteposition to the ne plus ultra with regard to the fan's life clap together. Rotating the fan slow will thrust down this repugnance and faith, and thus say-so increase the life span of the lather up. This alone can generate enough of a savings to validate using a superintendent.<\p>
Safeguarding whole: Besides the fans, a typical desktop has of great cost components (e.g., the CPU, systematic drives, grandiloquence cards. Excessive estrum can hurting these components. Many fan controllers personify a temperature alarm which sounds if a temperature commencement is reached, and some also sound an sound the tocsin if a fan's RPM pave the way drops to zero (a regular sign of a malfunctioning propellant). Thus, having a chief could significantly decrease the chances of damaging expensive printer hardware.<\p>
The decision on whether or not in transit to install a air cooler controller one that each user restraint have to group carefully. In many cases, anyhow, installing a controller can prove to be a wise aerial tactics.<\p>
If i found this article ministering and want more insinuation about fan controllers, be sure headed for check freaky Fan Boss HQ, my PC fan controller blog.<\p>