Discover Top Posts Tagged with #nobel physics

Lawrence Bragg – Scientist of the Day

William Lawrence Bragg, an Australian/British physicist, died July 1, 1971, at age 81.

These Indians are among the top contenders to win the Nobel Peace Prize 2022: Report

The recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize will be revealed on 7 October in Oslo, Norway. The five-member Norwegian Nobel Committee, elected by the Parliament of Norway, decides who will win. According to a Reuters poll conducted in February, David Attenborough, the World Health Organization (WHO) and Belarusian rebel Svyatlana Sichenovskaya are among the finalists for this year’s Nobel Peace Prize.…

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#Nobel 2022 #Nobel medicine #Nobel Physics #Nobel Prize #Nobel Prize 2022 #Nobel prize winner #physics nobel

REALIZATION NEEDS LOCALIZATION. NONLOCALITY Gets Nobel Prize

Finally! The most surprising discovery of the last two centuries in science was not the Quantum (that had been sort of anticipated by the Greeks who thought they had demonstrated the existence of atoms, literally non-divisibles; the photon is the atom of light…), nor was it DNA (the discovery that there are laws of inheritance is hundreds of thousands of years old, and make ever more specific…

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#Aspect #EPR #Nobel Physics #Nonlocality

"NOBEL PRIZE OF PHYSICS AWARDED TO BRITISH TRIO FOR WORK ON EXOTIC STATES OF MATTER'

Three British scientists have won the Nobel prize in physics for their work on exotic states of matter - research that may be an important stepping stone for quantum computers and other revolutionary technologies. The three scientists, David Thouless, Duncan Haldance and Michael Kosterlitz will be sharing their 8 million Swedish kronor (nearly 1 million USD) for their theoretical work on 'topological phase transitions and topological phases matter". To be more in depth, the exotic states of matter that the three scientists discovered refers to unexpected electrical properties, such as superconductivity (the sudden ability of electrons passing through matter with zero resistance below a set temperature). In topology, these materials are described as mathematical objects with set numbers of 'holes. To explain this better, Thors Hans Hansson, a member of the Nobel physics committee, used the analogy of baked goods. In the eyes of a topologist, the only different between a bagel, a pretzel and a cinnamon bun is the number of holes: two in a pretzel, one in a bagel and none in a bun. Translating this into topology, changing from a normal conductor to a superconductor is comparable to a bagel transforming into a bun. “The behaviour of the materials around us is extremely complex. The job of physics is to identify simple principles by which we can understand the material world and predict new phenomena," said Steve Bramwell, a physicist at UCL.

Read more about this fascinating story at: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/oct/04/david-thouless-duncan-haldane-and-michael-kosterlitz-win-nobel-prize-in-physics

It’s Nobel time

It's Wednesday at the beginning of October so it means all the science Nobel Prize winners have been announced. So here they are the winners of this year award for Medicine, Physics and Chemistry. The Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded one half jointly to William C. Campbell and Satoshi Ōmura "for their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites" and the other half to Youyou Tu "for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria". The diseases caused by parasites are still killing and maiming people. Roundworms cause disfigurements that are stuff of nightmares (and a clickbait for the countless website showing you worms in eyes and scrotum dragging behind a man - no link here you can google it if you think you can take it the BBC article is bad enough) and malaria is infecting hundreds of millions and killing hundreds of thousands every year (and those who die are mostly children). Anything that helps to fight these diseases makes our world markedly better. Ivermectin kills the first larval stage of the roundworm parasite and artemisinin is active during the stage when the parasite is located inside red blood cells. Both helped millions and continue to do so still but as always the danger of resistance looms so the research for new ways to get rid of these parasites is still crucial. Youyou Tu's discovery also shows that when something works it's no longer alternative medicine - it's just medicine. The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 was awarded jointly to Takaaki Kajita and Arthur B. McDonald "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass". This is for discovery that neutrinos can change flavours (this is how neutrinos types are described) and the ability to do that explained why we observed different quantity of each flavour than expected. It also meant that the baffling particles must have a mass. I always liked how they hunted for neutrinos in those underground caves and the man who had the idea how to do it and that neutrinos have flavours and can switch between them was a Cold War spy. The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 was awarded jointly to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar "for mechanistic studies of DNA repair". I've been working in DNA repair most of my science career and one of the laureates work at the same university (and another one just next door) so I feel especially close to this one. This is the award for research on 3 main pathways of DNA repair - BER, NER and MMR. The first one is Base Excision Repair - if the DNA bases are damage (by for example oxydation) and change their properties the DNA cannot function properly so special enzymes remove the bad base and replace it with another. Nucleotide Excision Repair works in the very similar way but excises the whole nucleotides. The difference between base and nucleotide is that the base is just the A, T, C and G by themselves. Nucleotide includes also sugar that forms the structural skeleton of DNA. NER usually removes larger part of the DNA strand and then rebuilds it because the damage (like UV dimers) was so extensive it caused the deformation of the DNA structure. Mismatch Repair happens when the wrong type of base is incorporate into DNA. The bases always pair A with T and G with C. If the wrong base is incorporated then MMR comes to fix it which corrects polymerase errors and reduces replication errors 1000-fold. I'm not sure if I explain it simple enough. I spent so many years staring at the schematics of this pathways that everything seems to simplified to me. Sorry.

#nobel prize #nobel medicine #nobel physics #nobel chemistry #nobel award #nobel 2015

Lightbulb moment: Nobel Prize for physics goes to LED inventors

Science

Lightbulb moment: Nobel Prize for physics goes to LED inventors

Two Japanese scientists and a Japanese-born American have won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing blue light-emitting diodes. It is a breakthrough that has spurred the development of LED technology to light up homes, computer screens and smartphones worldwide. Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and naturalised U.S. citizen Shuji Nakamura revolutionised lighting technology two decades ago when they came up with a long-elusive component for white LED lights. In countless applications today, they have replaced less efficient incandescent and fluorescent lights.

It is very satisfying to see that my dream of LED lighting has become a reality. I hope that energy-efficient LED light bulbs will help reduce energy use and lower the cost of lighting worldwide.

Professor Nakamura, in a statement released by the University of California, Santa Barbara

Professor Akasaki, an 85-year-old working at Meijo University and Nagoya University, and Professor Amano, 54, made their inventions while working at Nagoya University, while Professor Nakamura was working separately at Japanese company Nichia Chemicals. They built their own equipment and carried out thousands of experiments - many of which failed - before they made their breakthroughs. The Nobel committee said LEDs contribute to saving the Earth's resources because about one-fourth of world electricity consumption is used for lighting. They tend to last 10 times longer than fluorescent lamps and 100 times longer than incandescent light bulbs.

#yahoo news digest #Science #nobel physics