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Slavic Muslims From a Pomak Village in the Municipality of Gotse Delchev, Bulgaria

Turks of Dövlen, Paşmaklı, Central Rhodopes, 1926.

One of the often forgotten Turkish communities is the one in the Central Rhodopes. Since a large part of the population of this region consists of Pomaks, people tend to think that all people from Devin are Pomaks. Similarly, their Namecide in 1972 was often ignored and shadowed by the Pomak population namecide. But the Turks first lost their names in 1972, not 1984.

Stoyu Nedelchev Shishkov in his article "The newly liberated lands. Dyovlenska kaaza" published in the newspaper "Peace" in February 1913, wrote the following:

“This kaaza [Dövlen/Devin] consists of 33 villages: [listing]. The largest village is Tamrash, 400 houses, and the others are smaller, including some of 20 houses. All count about 4,000 houses [...] All villages are Pomak, except three: Grohotno [known as Grahotna in Turkish], Gyovren [Gövren in Turkish], Karabulak with 273 houses all. These villages belong to Yuruks, who had large summer pastures in the mountains.”

A few months after this publication, in August-September 1913, the local Muslims revolted, dissatisfied that they were within the borders of Bulgaria. The uprising was suppressed and many villages were set on fire. Eight villages were completely burnt down, including Grohotno and Gyovren.

Of course, Devin's borders have changed dramatically over the years. Currently, it again has three Turkish villages: Grohotno, Govren and Stomaneno (Çelikli/old name). The latter is a fairly new settlement, created by Turkish refugees fleeing the Russo-Turkish War of 1878. And the village of Karabulak (Borino with a new name) is one of the municipalities of Smolyan.

#turks #turkish #turkey #turk #türk #bulgaria #balkan #europe #pomaks #history #old photos #folklore #retro #balkan history #aesthetic

Bulgarian Pomaks

1970s

Mostovo, Bulgaria

#bulgaria #pomak #pomaks #slav #slavic #balkan #the balkans #mostovo #asenovgrad #rhodope #rhodopes #folk #traditional clothing #islam #muslim #folklore #old photos #vintage

Despite the effort to differentiate the Muslim minorities from one another, by the mid-1950s, a growing number of Tatars, Pomaks and Muslim Roma started to self-identify as Turks. This could be explained with the Tatars’ and Roma Muslims’ attendance in Turkish minority schools. For the Pomaks, it can be ascribed to their shared cultural affinities, religious beliefs, and rites with the Turks, which were reinforced in response to the suppression of traditional Islamic practices and attires. Fears of Turkish separatism brought about an abrupt shift in the treatment of Muslim minorities. In line with the nationalist policies that emerged from 1956 onwards the cultural and religious rights of the Muslims were additionally curtailed in the 1960s and 1970s. Furthermore, in the early 1970s the authorities launched a drastic strategy of eradicating ethnic differences under the guise of constructing a homogenized socialist nation.Conspicuously, the 1971 Constitution no longer mentioned national or ethnic minorities (or minorities of any kind) and used the concept of “Bulgarian citizens of non-Bulgarian origin” instead. Those citizens had the right to study (but not to be educated in) their mother tongue. In line with the new political course, by the mid-1970s, all Turkish schools were summarily closed down and the Turkish-language publications were restricted. The notorious name-changing campaigns marked the apex of Communist Party’s turn to an explicit nationalist agenda. The traditional Turco-Arab names of the Pomaks, Muslim Roma, and Turks were forcefully changed to Bulgarian ones in the 1970s and 1980s. Particularly brutal was the assimilation of the Turkish-speaking population in 1984-85. The assault on the names of the Turks was supplemented by a ban on Turkish-language publications and the public use of the Turkish language as well as by severe measures against religious practices and distinctive clothing such as the feredje and the shalvari of Turkish women. The assimilation was cynically called a “rebirth process” in the official political and media discourse. It was portrayed as a return of the Turks to their “Bulgarian roots”, lost through their Islamization under Ottoman rule. Over 350,000 Turks left the country for Turkey (and almost half of them returned after the fall of communism).

Ina Merdjanova. Rediscovering the Umma. The Communist Regime and the Turks.

Προτάσεις για την Υπέρβαση της Θράκης, του Κοσμά Μεγαλομμάτη – 1990

Προτάσεις για την Υπέρβαση της Θράκης, του Κοσμά Μεγαλομμάτη: Εξόρμηση, 5 Μαρτίου 1990; Πολιτικά Θέματα, 2-8 Μαρτίου 1990; Οικονομικός Ταχυδρόμος, Ιούλιος 1990

Proposals to transcend the problem in Thrace, by Cosmas Megalommatis: Exormisi (Sortie), 5 March 1990; Politika Themata (Political Matters), 2-8 March 1990; Oikonomikos Tahydromos (Economic Courier), July 1990

Предложения по преодолению проблемы во Фракии, автор Космас Мегаломматис: Exormisi (Вылазка), 5 марта 1990 г.; Политика Фемата (Политические вопросы), 2–8 марта 1990 года; Ойкономикос Тагидромос (Экономический курьер), июль 1990 г.

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Μικρό Εισαγωγικό Σχόλιο

Αυτό το μικρό κείμενο, το οποίο δημοσιεύθηκε πριν από 33 χρόνια, αποκαλύπτει όλη την άθλια πραγματικότητα και την οικτρή κατρακύλα του νεοελληνικού ψευτο-κράτους, δηλαδή ενός εσμού δουλικών, αμορφώτων, αξέστων και ηλιθίων αυτιστικών, τα οποία αυτοκτονικά αυτο-προβάλλονται ως ειδικοί σε θέματα για τα οποία είναι ανίδεοι, και των οποίων ο γελοίος νεοφιλελευθερισμός, ο παρανοϊκός πατριωτισμός, ο παράλογος διεθνισμός, ο γελοίος μοντερνισμός και ο διεστραμμένος δικαιωματισμός έχουν μόνον ένα κοινό παρονομαστή: την διάβρωση, την διάλυση και τε΄λικά την εξαφάνιση της χώρας. Με άλλα λόγια, όλοι τους αποτελούν ένα δικτατορικό καθεστώς το οποίο μισεί την Αλήθεια. Υπό αυτή την άποψη, η κατάσταση στην Θράκη επιδεινώθηκε στο μεσοδιάστημα και κανένας στην τυφλή Ελλάδα δεν έχει ιδέα για το τι πρέπει η χώρα να κάνει ώστε ενεργώς να εντάξει όλους τους κατοίκους της Δυτικής Θράκης στην εξέλιξη και διακυβέρνηση της χώρας, έτσι τερματίζοντας ξενικές επιρροές και αναμείξεις. Οπότε, οι όποιοι εχθροί και οι μη εχθροί της χώρας δεν έχουν καμμιά ανάγκη να κάνουν την παραμικρή κίνηση εναντίον της Ελλάδας, όπως οι ψευτο-πανεπιστημιακοί λούστροι των τηλεοπτικών καναλιών και των παναθλίων ιντερνετικών 'αναλύσεων' βλακωδώς διατείνονται και οι αποβλακωμένοι Νεοέλληνες συνεχώς τους ακούουν, χωρίς να αντιλαμβάνονται ότι είναι θύματα απατεώνων και ψευτών. Ουσιαστικά, κανένας δεν αποπειράται να κόψει κάτι το σάπιο. Αυτό πέφτει από μόνο του.

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Brief Introductory Comment

This little text, which was published 33 years ago, reveals the miserable reality and the severe collapse of the neo-Greek pseudo-state, which is a realm of servile, uneducated, worthless and idiotic autistics, who self-destructively present themselves as experts on subjects in which they are ignorant. Those guys' ridiculous neoliberalism, paranoid patriotism, irrational globalism, ridiculous modernism, and perverse human-rightism have only one common denominator: the erosion, disintegration and forthcoming disappearance of the country. In other words, all of them make one dictatorial regime that hates the Truth. In this view, the situation in Thrace has worsened in the meantime, and no one in the blind country of Greece has any idea what the state should do to actively incorporate all the inhabitants of Western Thrace in the management and governance of the country, thus putting an end to foreign interference. Therefore, the enemies and the non-enemies of the country have no need to make the slightest move against Greece, as the local pseudo-academic rascals stupidly assert. They are all bribed to be incessantly vociferous on TV channels and to absurdly prattle on the web, diffusing bogus-patriotic nonsense and besotting the average Modern Greeks, who by constantly listening to them, become the victims of fraudsters and liars, without even understanding it. In fact, no one is trying to cut something rotten; it falls by itself.

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Краткий вводный комментарий

Этот небольшой текст, опубликованный 33 года назад, раскрывает печальную реальность и жестокий крах неогреческого псевдогосударства. Это место рабских, необразованных, никчемных и идиотских аутистов, которые саморазрушительно выставляют себя экспертами в предметах, в которых они невежественны. Нелепый неолиберализм, параноидальный патриотизм, иррациональный глобализм, нелепый модернизм и извращенное правозащитное поведение этих ребят имеют только один общий знаменатель: эрозия, распад и предстоящее исчезновение страны. Другими словами, все они составляют один диктаторский режим, ненавидящий Истину. С этой точки зрения, ситуация во Фракии тем временем ухудшилась, и никто в слепой стране Греции понятия не имеет, что должно делать государство, чтобы активно включить всех жителей Западной Фракии в управление страной и поставить прекращение иностранного вмешательства. Поэтому врагам и неврагам страны незачем предпринимать хоть малейшие шаги против Греции, как глупо утверждают местные псевдоакадемические негодяи. Их всех подкупили для того, чтобы они беспрестанно кричали на телеканалах и нелепо болтали в сети, распространяя фальшиво-патриотический бред и одурманивая среднестатистических современных греков, которые, постоянно их слушая, сами того не понимая, становятся жертвами мошенников и лжецов. На самом деле никто не пытается вырезать что-то гнилое; оно падает само.

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