Diogenes the Cosmopolitan
Alexander the Great once walked up to the philosopher, Diogenes, who was sunbathing, and asked if he could grant him any request--Diogenes replied to Alexander, “you can stand out of my light!”
The idea of being a citizen of the world, or cosmopolitan, has been around for quite some time. In the 5th-Century B.C., philosopher, Diogenes the Cynic proclaimed himself as one, refusing to limit his identity to a singular locality. A controversial figure of his day, Diogenes rejected not only local citizenship but also other values, such as possessions and social status. So much so, he owned little to nothing and lived in a tub or cask in the streets of Athens. He considered society a pretentious construct that filtered out one’s true nature, at times inspiring him to take to town with a lantern in broad daylight in search for an honest man.
An interesting fact about the philosopher is his exile from his native city of Sinope (present day Sinop in Turkey, then a colony of Greece). His father was a banker and either Diogenes, or his father, or both were at some point involved in a counterfeit scandal of minting debased coins; that is, reducing the value of the money by tampering with the amount of the material it should be made out of. Banished, Diogenes lost all his possessions and citizenship. Whether Diogenes took up his cynical philosophy as a result of this earlier experience, or if it instead humbled the man, allowing him to find a better way of life is anyone’s guess.
His reported disdain for cultural conventions, supposedly, went as far as going against the norms of even sleep and eating, choosing to do either whenever he felt like it, rather than the time(s) of day that society selected as appropriate. Manners and tact, were also fake to Diogenes, he wanted people to be as real as they could be.
“If I were not Alexander, I would want to be Diogenes.” --Alexander the Great
When you read of his exploits, ranging from comically sarcastic remarks to explicitly vulgar public behavior, there’s almost a mission, on the behalf of the philosopher to teach his society a hard lesson. Possibly a spiteful lesson. Whereas he lost his citizenship and possession so too, should everyone else.
Because of this disposition, one could argue Diogenes’ view of cosmopolitanism—Under the framing of his tendency toward brutal honesty (emphasis on brutal)—Being a “world-citizen” is less about a uniting camp-fire principle of global community. In fact, Diogenes could not practice true world citizenship as much of his world was still limited to a mainly Euro-Mediterranean and Asia-minor geography. Instead, for Diogenes the Cynic, cosmopolitanism is perhaps simply a fact as blunt as a club used to strike a sleeper awake. Easily supported by the common experience we each undergo everyday (unless we’re astronauts)—That of being aboard the same floating planet moving about in space.
In his defense, much of the stories about him are fables, and even some of the previously accepted facts have come under question, so hold space for any misinterpretation. Also, Diogenes believed in self-control and individual excellence; his rejection of the unnecessary was slightly akin to a minimalist view, that included the political complexity of one’s place of origin minimized simply to the planet one lives on.