#python programming language for beginners learn complete python

[itsmybot-geo]

How to Get Started With Robotics: A Complete Beginner’s Guide for Kids

Robotics might sound complicated at first. Wires. Code. Machines. Big technical words.

For many kids (and parents), it can feel overwhelming before they even begin.

But here’s the truth: you don’t need advanced math or coding experience to start robotics.

With the right approach, robotics becomes one of the most exciting and creative ways for kids to learn problem-solving, logical thinking, and innovation — all while having fun.

Let’s break it down step by step.

What Is Robotics (In Simple Terms)?

Robotics is about building machines that follow instructions to perform tasks.

These machines — robots — can move, react, sense things around them, and respond to commands.

For kids, robotics usually combines:

Basic coding

Simple electronics

Hands-on building

Creative thinking

Instead of just reading theory, kids actually see their ideas come to life — lights turning on, wheels moving, sensors reacting.

That’s where the excitement begins.

Why Robotics Is So Good for Kids

Robotics isn’t just about technology. It helps kids grow in many ways.

Logical Thinking Kids learn how to break big problems into smaller steps and solve them one by one.

Creativity Designing a robot and deciding what it should do encourages imagination.

Patience and Focus Robots don’t always work on the first try. Fixing mistakes teaches resilience.

Fun Learning When something you built actually moves or reacts, learning doesn’t feel like homework anymore.

Do Kids Need Coding Experience?

Not at all.

Most beginner robotics programs use visual, block-based coding. Kids drag and drop commands instead of typing complex code. This helps them understand logic without worrying about technical syntax.

As they gain confidence, they can slowly move to beginner-friendly languages like Python.

No pressure. Just progress.

How to Start Robotics (Step by Step)

1. Start With the Basics

Kids should first understand:

What a robot is

How instructions work

How actions follow commands

A strong foundation makes everything easier later.

2. Use Hands-On Learning

Robotics works best when kids can build, test, and experiment. Kits and guided challenges keep things interactive and exciting.

Structured programs — like those offered by ItsMyBot — can help guide kids from foundational concepts to real-world robotics projects in a gradual, beginner-friendly way.

3. Begin With Small Projects

Simple wins build confidence:

Making a robot move forward

Turning on lights or sounds

Avoiding obstacles

Small progress = big motivation.

4. Encourage Exploration

Let kids experiment. Let them make mistakes. Let them try again.

Exploration is part of learning — and often the most fun part.

How to Keep Robotics Fun (Not Stressful)

Keep sessions short (20–30 minutes works great)

Celebrate effort, not perfection

Avoid unnecessary pressure

Let kids explain their robot in their own words

When learning stays playful, curiosity grows naturally.

Helpful Learning Resources

There are many beginner-friendly robotics resources made specifically for kids. Some platforms offer structured learning paths that guide children from simple concepts to real projects step by step.

For parents who want a more detailed overview, this beginner guide to robotics for kids explains the core ideas, tools, and learning journey in a clear and simple way: https://itsmybot.com/introduction-to-robotics-for-kids/

It’s useful for understanding how kids can move from basic concepts to building real robotics projects without feeling overwhelmed.

Skills Kids Gain (Beyond Just Tech)

Robotics helps children develop:

Problem-solving skills

Logical reasoning

Communication and teamwork

Confidence

A growth mindset

These are life skills — not just technical skills.

Final Thoughts

Robotics doesn’t have to be intimidating.

When introduced the right way, it becomes a creative, hands-on adventure that blends imagination with logic.

Start small. Stay curious. Keep it fun.

For many kids, robotics isn’t just a subject — it’s the spark that turns learning into something exciting. 🚀

[blubberquark]

Why Not Write Cryptography

I learned Python in high school in 2003. This was unusual at the time. We were part of a pilot project, testing new teaching materials. The official syllabus still expected us to use PASCAL. In order to satisfy the requirements, we had to learn PASCAL too, after Python. I don't know if PASCAL is still standard.

Some of the early Python programming lessons focused on cryptography. We didn't really learn anything about cryptography itself then, it was all just toy problems to demonstrate basic programming concepts like loops and recursion. Beginners can easily implement some old, outdated ciphers like Caesar, Vigenère, arbitrary 26-letter substitutions, transpositions, and so on.

The Vigenère cipher will be important. It goes like this: First, in order to work with letters, we assign numbers from 0 to 25 to the 26 letters of the alphabet, so A is 0, B is 1, C is 2 and so on. In the programs we wrote, we had to strip out all punctuation and spaces, write everything in uppercase and use the standard transliteration rules for Ä, Ö, Ü, and ß. That's just the encoding part. Now comes the encryption part. For every letter in the plain text, we add the next letter from the key, modulo 26, round robin style. The key is repeated after we get tot he end. Encrypting "HELLOWORLD" with the key "ABC" yields ["H"+"A", "E"+"B", "L"+"C", "L"+"A", "O"+"B", "W"+"C", "O"+"A", "R"+"B", "L"+"C", "D"+"A"], or "HFNLPYOLND". If this short example didn't click for you, you can look it up on Wikipedia and blame me for explaining it badly.

Then our teacher left in the middle of the school year, and a different one took over. He was unfamiliar with encryption algorithms. He took us through some of the exercises about breaking the Caesar cipher with statistics. Then he proclaimed, based on some back-of-the-envelope calculations, that a Vigenère cipher with a long enough key, with the length unknown to the attacker, is "basically uncrackable". You can't brute-force a 20-letter key, and there are no significant statistical patterns.

I told him this wasn't true. If you re-use a Vigenère key, it's like re-using a one time pad key. At the time I just had read the first chapters of Bruce Schneier's "Applied Cryptography", and some pop history books about cold war spy stuff. I knew about the problem with re-using a one-time pad. A one time pad is the same as if your Vigenère key is as long as the message, so there is no way to make any inferences from one letter of the encrypted message to another letter of the plain text. This is mathematically proven to be completely uncrackable, as long as you use the key only one time, hence the name. Re-use of one-time pads actually happened during the cold war. Spy agencies communicated through number stations and one-time pads, but at some point, the Soviets either killed some of their cryptographers in a purge, or they messed up their book-keeping, and they re-used some of their keys. The Americans could decrypt the messages.

Here is how: If you have message $A$ and message $B$, and you re-use the key $K$, then an attacker can take the encrypted messages $A+K$ and $B+K$, and subtract them. That creates $(A+K) - (B+K) = A - B + K - K = A - B$. If you re-use a one-time pad, the attacker can just filter the key out and calculate the difference between two plaintexts.

My teacher didn't know that. He had done a quick back-of-the-envelope calculation about the time it would take to brute-force a 20 letter key, and the likelihood of accidentally arriving at something that would resemble the distribution of letters in the German language. In his mind, a 20 letter key or longer was impossible to crack. At the time, I wouldn't have known how to calculate that probability.

When I challenged his assertion that it would be "uncrackable", he created two messages that were written in German, and pasted them into the program we had been using in class, with a randomly generated key of undisclosed length. He gave me the encrypted output.

Instead of brute-forcing keys, I decided to apply what I knew about re-using one time pads. I wrote a program that takes some of the most common German words, and added them to sections of $(A-B)$. If a word was equal to a section of $B$, then this would generate a section of $A$. Then I used a large spellchecking dictionary to see if the section of $A$ generated by guessing a section of $B$ contained any valid German words. If yes, it would print the guessed word in $B$, the section of $A$, and the corresponding section of the key. There was only a little bit of key material that was common to multiple results, but that was enough to establish how long they key was. From there, I modified my program so that I could interactively try to guess words and it would decrypt the rest of the text based on my guess. The messages were two articles from the local newspaper.

When I showed the decrypted messages to my teacher the next week, got annoyed, and accused me of cheating. Had I installed a keylogger on his machine? Had I rigged his encryption program to leak key material? Had I exploited the old Python random number generator that isn't really random enough for cryptography (but good enough for games and simulations)?

Then I explained my approach. My teacher insisted that this solution didn't count, because it relied on guessing words. It would never have worked on random numeric data. I was just lucky that the messages were written in a language I speak. I could have cheated by using a search engine to find the newspaper articles on the web.

Now the lesson you should take away from this is not that I am smart and teachers are sore losers.

Lesson one: Everybody can build an encryption scheme or security system that he himself can't defeat. That doesn't mean others can't defeat it. You can also create an secret alphabet to protect your teenage diary from your kid sister. It's not practical to use that as an encryption scheme for banking. Something that works for your diary will in all likelihood be inappropriate for online banking, never mind state secrets. You never know if a teenage diary won't be stolen by a determined thief who thinks it holds the secret to a Bitcoin wallet passphrase, or if someone is re-using his banking password in your online game.

Lesson two: When you build a security system, you often accidentally design around an "intended attack". If you build a lock to be especially pick-proof, a burglar can still kick in the door, or break a window. Or maybe a new variation of the old "slide a piece of paper under the door and push the key through" trick works. Non-security experts are especially susceptible to this. Experts in one domain are often blind to attacks/exploits that make use of a different domain. It's like the physicist who saw a magic show and thought it must be powerful magnets at work, when it was actually invisible ropes.

Lesson three: Sometimes a real world problem is a great toy problem, but the easy and didactic toy solution is a really bad real world solution. Encryption was a fun way to teach programming, not a good way to teach encryption. There are many problems like that, like 3D rendering, Chess AI, and neural networks, where the real-world solution is not just more sophisticated than the toy solution, but a completely different architecture with completely different data structures. My own interactive codebreaking program did not work like modern approaches works either.

Lesson four: Don't roll your own cryptography. Don't even implement a known encryption algorithm. Use a cryptography library. Chances are you are not Bruce Schneier or Dan J Bernstein. It's harder than you thought. Unless you are doing a toy programming project to teach programming, it's not a good idea. If you don't take this advice to heart, a teenager with something to prove, somebody much less knowledgeable but with more time on his hands, might cause you trouble.

[ranjitha78]

The Complete Manual for Understanding Ethical Hacking

In order to evaluate an organization's defenses, ethical hacking—also referred to as penetration testing or white-hat hacking—involves breaking into computers and other devices lawfully. You've come to the correct spot if you're interested in finding out more about ethical hacking. Here's a quick start tutorial to get you going.

1. "Getting Started with the Basics"

Networking and computer science principles must be thoroughly understood before getting into ethical hacking. Here are some crucial aspects to pay attention to: Operating Systems: Acquire knowledge of several operating systems, with a focus on Linux and Windows. Learning Linux is essential because a lot of hacking tools are made to run on it. Networking: It's essential to comprehend how networks operate. Find out more about

protocols include HTTP, HTTPS, DNS, TCP/IP, and others. Understanding data flow across networks facilitates vulnerability detection. Programming: It's crucial to know at least a little bit of a language like Python, JavaScript, or C++. Writing scripts and deciphering the code of pre-existing tools are made possible by having programming expertise.

2. Making Use of Internet Resources To learn more about ethical hacking, there are a ton of internet resources available. Here are a few of the top ones: Online Education: Online learning environments such as Pluralsight, Coursera, and Udemy provide in-depth instruction in ethical hacking. "Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking" on Pluralsight and "The Complete Ethical Hacking Course: Beginner to Advanced" on Udemy are two recommended courses. Channels on YouTube: HackerSploit, The Cyber Mentor, and LiveOverflow are just a few of the channels that offer helpful tutorials and walkthroughs on a variety of hacking tactics.

3. Exercising and Acquiring Knowledge The secret to being a skilled ethical hacker is experience. Here are some strategies to obtain practical experience:

Capture the Flag (CTF) Tournaments: Applying your abilities in CTF tournaments is a great idea. CTF challenges are available on websites like CTFtime and OverTheWire, with difficulty levels ranging from novice to expert. Virtual Labs: It is essential to set up your virtual lab environment. You can construct isolated environments to practice hacking without worrying about the law thanks to programs like VMware and VirtualBox. Bug Bounty Programs: Websites such as HackerOne and Bugcrowd link corporations seeking to find and address security holes in their systems with ethical hackers. Engaging in these initiatives can yield practical experience and financial benefits.

Dedication and ongoing education are necessary to learn ethical hacking. You can become a skilled ethical hacker by learning the fundamentals, using internet resources, and acquiring real-world experience. Always remember to hack wisely and ethically. Cheers to your hacking! I appreciate your precious time, and I hope you have an amazing day.

[a-fox-studies]

Hello Iris! Im Yvaine, I've been following you for a while now and I just wanted to say that you and your blog have inspired me a lot as a student and im so thankful for that ♡

And regarding my question, I am a beginner who wants to learn how to code, so what programming language do you recommend I start with??

Thanks!

Thankyou so much!!! I'm glad I can help others by being myself :)

I started off with Java because of school syllabus, but putting that aside — if you have a particular career in mind, then go with languages that pertain to that field. For example, an aspiring web developer would start with HTML.

If you're not set on a particular field and you're completely new, then I would recommend Java for an understanding of how everything works, and to know about basic concepts. You can also learn Python, and after that you could do small projects like a tic-tac-toe game, or rock-paper-scissors game to wrap up your understanding of the basics. I feel like you'd have a good idea of everything by then <3

@vexacarnivorous @codemerything @moose-mousse you can give your opinions and suggestions too to help out :)

[graphicdesign01bbsmit]

Mastering Web Development: A Comprehensive Guide for Beginners

In the vast landscape of technology, web development stands as a crucial cornerstone. It encompasses the art and science of building websites, ranging from simple static pages to complex web applications. Whether you're aiming to pursue a career in software development or seeking to enhance your digital presence, understanding web development is essential.

In this comprehensive guide, we'll take you through the fundamental concepts and practical skills needed to master web development from scratch. Let's dive in!

1. Understanding HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

HTML serves as the backbone of every web page, providing the structure and content. It uses tags to define different elements such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links. By mastering HTML, you'll be able to create well-structured and semantically meaningful web documents.

2. Exploring CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

CSS is the language used to style HTML elements, enhancing their appearance and layout. With CSS, you can customize colors, fonts, spacing, and more, giving your website a polished and professional look. Understanding CSS selectors and properties is essential for effective styling.

3. Introduction to JavaScript

JavaScript is a versatile programming language that adds interactivity and dynamic behavior to web pages. From simple animations to complex web applications, JavaScript powers a wide range of functionalities. Learning JavaScript fundamentals such as variables, functions, and events is crucial for web development.

4. Building Responsive Websites

In today's mobile-centric world, it's essential to create websites that adapt seamlessly to various screen sizes and devices. Responsive web design achieves this by using fluid grids, flexible images, and media queries. Mastering responsive design principles ensures that your websites look great on desktops, tablets, and smartphones.

5. Introduction to Version Control with Git

Git is a powerful tool for tracking changes in your codebase and collaborating with other developers. By learning Git basics such as branching, merging, and committing, you can streamline your development workflow and effectively manage project versions.

6. Introduction to Front-End Frameworks

Front-end frameworks like Bootstrap, Foundation, and Materialise provide pre-designed components and stylesheets to expedite web development. By leveraging these frameworks, you can create responsive and visually appealing websites with less effort and code.

7. Introduction to Back-End Development

While front-end development focuses on the user interface, back-end development deals with server-side logic and database management. Learning back-end languages such as Node.js, Python, or PHP enables you to build dynamic web applications and handle user interactions efficiently.

8. Deploying Your Website

Once you've developed your website, it's time to make it accessible to the world. Deploying a website involves selecting a web hosting provider, uploading your files, and configuring domain settings. Understanding the deployment process ensures that your website goes live smoothly.

9. Conclusion and Next Steps

Congratulations on completing this comprehensive guide to mastering web development! By now, you've gained a solid understanding of HTML, CSS, JavaScript, version control, frameworks, and deployment. As you continue your journey in web development, remember to stay curious, practice regularly, and explore advanced topics to further refine your skills.

Resources for Further Learning:

Online tutorials and documentation

Interactive coding platforms

Community forums and discussion groups

Next Steps:

Explore advanced topics such as web performance optimization, server-side rendering, and progressive web apps.

Build real-world projects to apply your skills and showcase your portfolio.

Stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in web development through blogs, podcasts, and conferences.

With dedication and perseverance, you'll continue to evolve as a proficient web developer, creating innovative solutions and contributing to the ever-changing digital landscape . Happy coding!

[mercyjuliet1512]

From Beginner to Pro: Dominate Automated Testing with Our Selenium Course

Welcome to our comprehensive Selenium course designed to help individuals from all backgrounds, whether novice or experienced, enhance their automated testing skills and become proficient in Selenium. In this article, we will delve into the world of Selenium, an open-source automated testing framework that has revolutionized software testing. With our course, we aim to empower aspiring professionals with the knowledge and techniques necessary to excel in the field of automated testing.

Why Choose Selenium?

Selenium offers a wide array of features and capabilities that make it the go-to choice for automated testing in the IT industry.

It allows testers to write test scripts in multiple programming languages, including Java, Python, C#, and more, ensuring flexibility and compatibility with various project requirements.

Selenium’s compatibility with different web browsers such as Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Internet Explorer makes it a versatile choice for testing web applications.

The ability to leverage Selenium WebDriver, which provides a simple and powerful API, allows for seamless interaction with web elements, making automating tasks easier than ever before.

Selenium’s Key Components:

Selenium IDE:

Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE) is a Firefox plugin primarily used for recording and playing back test cases. It offers a user-friendly interface, allowing even non-programmers to create basic tests effortlessly.

Although Selenium IDE is a valuable tool for beginners, our course primarily focuses on Selenium WebDriver due to its advanced capabilities and wider scope.

Selenium WebDriver:

Selenium WebDriver is the most critical component of the Selenium framework. It provides a programming interface to interact with web elements and perform actions programmatically.

WebDriver’s functionality extends beyond just browser automation; it also enables testers to handle alerts, pop-ups, frames, and handle various other web application interactions.

Our Selenium course places significant emphasis on WebDriver, equipping learners with the skills to automate complex test scenarios efficiently.

Selenium Grid:

Selenium Grid empowers testers by allowing them to execute tests on multiple machines and browsers simultaneously, making it an essential component for testing scalability and cross-browser compatibility.

Through our Selenium course, you’ll gain a deep understanding of Selenium Grid and learn how to harness its capabilities effectively.

The Benefits of Our Selenium Course

Comprehensive Curriculum: Our course is designed to cover everything from the fundamentals of automated testing to advanced techniques in Selenium, ensuring learners receive a well-rounded education.

Hands-on Experience: Practical exercises and real-world examples are incorporated to provide learners with the opportunity to apply their knowledge in a realistic setting.

Expert Instruction: You’ll be guided by experienced instructors who have a profound understanding of Selenium and its application in the industry, ensuring you receive the best possible education.

Flexibility: Our course offers flexible learning options, allowing you to study at your own pace and convenience, ensuring a stress-free learning experience.

Industry Recognition: Completion of our Selenium course will provide you with a valuable certification recognized by employers worldwide, enhancing your career prospects within the IT industry.

Who Should Enroll?

Novice Testers: If you’re new to the world of automated testing and aspire to become proficient in Selenium, our course is designed specifically for you. We’ll lay a strong foundation and gradually guide you towards becoming a pro in Selenium automation.

Experienced Testers: Even if you already have experience in automated testing, our course will help you enhance your skills and keep up with the latest trends and best practices in Selenium.

IT Professionals: Individuals working in the IT industry, such as developers or quality assurance engineers, who want to broaden their skillset and optimize their testing processes, will greatly benefit from our Selenium course.

In conclusion, our Selenium course is a one-stop solution for individuals seeking to dominate automated testing and excel in their careers. With a comprehensive curriculum, hands-on experience, expert instruction, and industry recognition, you’ll be well-prepared to tackle any automated testing challenges that come your way. Make the smart choice and enroll in our Selenium course at ACTE Technologies today to unlock your full potential in the world of software testing.

[climbcredit]

Where to Learn to Code for Free

App Academy Open

In signing up for App Academy Open, you’ll access more than 1,500 hours of completely-free curriculum that includes machine learning, data science, data structures, computer programming languages, and building frameworks for iOS and Android mobile apps — as well as how to apply these skills, step-by-step, in real-world applications. And if you’d like additional support, you’ll also have the option of utilizing the $29.99/month mentorship program for features such as an instructor-led chatroom with the opportunity to work alongside other App Academy Open students!

Visit App Academy Open

Codecademy

Codecademy is a popular platform for beginning a coding journey. You can start from square one, or you can evaluate your skills to find the level that suits you the best. And their instant-testing of coding skills (including HTML & CSS, JavaScript, PHP, Python, Ruby, Angularjs, The Command Line, and more) allows you to learn and practice in real-time to make sure you’re understanding concepts correctly.

Visit Codecademy

freeCodeCamp

freeCodeCamp.org is a nonprofit that offers around 3,000 hours of coding curriculum, but they also go beyond that. Once you’ve finished learning to code, they’ll give you the opportunity to work on projects for other nonprofits. This way, you’ll get hands-on, real-world experience while earning your free certification.

Visit freeCodeCamp

Khan Academy

Like freeCodeCamp, Khan Academy is also a nonprofit — however, rather than focusing on tech, they instead offer a wide range of programs. While their selection of coding classes may not be as robust as other platforms, they are a great place for beginners and even provide courses for young children, to begin building their skills early!

Visit Khan Academy

Coursera

Coursera also opts not only to offer courses in which to learn to code, but also a range of programs provided through other colleges, universities, and companies. Although, while there are several free courses available in addition to paid, any certifications would only be accessible through their paid options.

Visit Coursera

Udemy

Similar to Coursera and Khan Academy, Udemy offers courses covering a variety of topics, which includes a section on coding. And although most of their courses are paid (costing roughly $20–$200 each), they do have some free options available as well — although you’ll only be able to view the video content. Any certifications or instructor interactions are only included in their paid programs. Additionally, you’ll want to make sure to check star ratings, reviews, and instructor credentials, since anyone can add a class to Udemy’s site!

Visit Udemy

[snetzweb]

Web Development Roadmap

To start a career in the web development field, you need to choose either front-end web development or back-end web development and if you want to be a full-stack developer you can choose both. Here we will discuss both paths. First, we will talk about what things you should learn and use to go on either path.

Here are some core technologies and tools you need to learn for both frontend and backend roadmap tasks.

Git -

One of the most popular version control systems. It's not possible to live without Git anymore. Git is a software for tracking changes in any set of files, usually used for coordinating work among programmers. It’s goals include speed, data integrity and non-linear workflows.

SSH -

SSH stands for Secure Shell. It is a Cryptographic Network Protocol for operating network services securely over an unsecured network. Typically applications include Remote Command Line, Login and Remote Command Execution. Every network service can be secured with SSH.

It is a popular networking concept every web developer should know.

HTTP/HTTPS -

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol and HTTPS stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure is an Extension of Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It is widely used over the Internet. For Secure Communication over a computer network, HTTPS is a good way to communicate. HTTP Protocol is the Backbone of the web, and to be a Web Developer you should have good knowledge of both HTTP and HTTPS.

Linux Command - Basic Terminal Uses -

Linux command is the utility of the Linux Operating System. All basic and advanced tasks can be done by executing commands. The commands are executed on the Linux Terminal. The terminal is a Command Line Interface. It is used to interact with the system, it is similar to Command Prompt in Windows.

Not just a Web Developer but for any Programmer, Command Line is a very important factor.

Data Structures & Algorithms -

A Data Structure is a named location which can be used to store and organize data. An Algorithm is a collection of steps which help you to solve a problem. Learning Data Structure and Algorithms allows us to write efficient and optimized computer programs

These are the building blocks for every program and better knowledge of data structure and algorithm. It is vital for your next job or doing well at your current job..

Character Encoding -

If you are creating global applications that show information in multiple languages, across the world then you should have a good knowledge of character encoding.

Character Encoding is used in Computing, Data Storage and Data Transmission to represent a collection of characters by some kind of encoding system. This technique assigns a number to each character for digital representation.

Github -

There is no doubt that every developer or programmer uses Github and Git for getting code information and give some mock tests to check the performance in coding.

Both Git and Github are the standard terms in code repositories.

Github is a provider of internet hosting for software development and version control using Git. It offers the Distributed Version Control and Source Code management functionality.

Now we will discuss both the roadmaps, step by step.

Frontend Developer Roadmap -

If you want to become a Frontend Developer then you should have knowledge in some coding technologies.

In the starting phase, you should have knowledge about some basics of HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

In HTML you should know about the basics of html, semantic html, basic seo and accessibility.

In CSS you should know about the basics of css, making layout, media queries and also CSS3. You should know roots, positioning, display, box model, css grid and flex box.

In JavaScript, you should have a knowledge about syntax and basic constructs, learn dom manipulation, learn fetch api, ajax, ecmascript 6 and modular javascript.

Then you need to start learning about Package Managers, in this you can learn npm and yarn. npm is the latest technology, but still behind yarn in some features. You can select one of them.

Then you have to learn about CSS Preprocessors, which should be SASS and PostCSS.

You can learn about CSS Frameworks, in this you should know about Bootstrap 4.

You can start learning about CSS Architecture, with modern frontend frameworks, there is more push towards CSS in JS methodologies.

Now you can build tools, Task Runners, Module Bundlers, Linters and Formatters. In task runners, you can use npm scripts. In module bundlers, you can use webpack and rollers.

After completing all these steps you need to choose a Framework, it should be Reactjs, Angular and Vue.js. Then use CSS in JS and then test your apps.

Web Development Basics -

It's pretty apparent that if you want to become a web developer, then you should know the basics of the internet, web applications, protocols like http. In general you have knowledge about web development.

HTML and CSS -

HTML and CSS are the backbones of any website, html provides the structure and css provides the style and helps them to look better. If you want to become a serious frontend developer then you must master these two.

JavaScript -

Just like the four pillars of object oriented programming, encapsulation, abstraction, polymorphism and inheritance. Web Development has three pillars, which are HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

HTML and CSS provide structure and style but Javascript makes them alive by adding Interactiveness.

TypeScript -

Just like in programming, we should know about C and C++, the same as TypeScript, which is considered as JavaScript++.

TypeScript is also a programming language developed by Microsoft and also maintained by Microsoft. It is a superset of JavaScript. It is designed for the development of large applications.

Angular -

Angular is a web application framework. It is a typescript based free and open source framework. It is developed by the Angular Team of Google. Angular is an enhanced form of AngularJS, it is completely rewrite.

In the starting phase you should have knowledge about HTML, CSS and JavaScript. But these days, most of them work on Angular, Vue.js, Reactjs and Typescript.

They provide short and simple code which consumes low storage.

Reactjs -

Like Angular, Reactjs is also a very popular library to develop web applications. Reactjs is developed and maintained by Facebook Team. Most people work on reactjs instead of php and other programming languages.

Reactjs is an enhanced form of PHP and we can also include HTML, CSS and JavaScript.

Backend Web Developer Roadmap -

To become a backend web developer, you need to know about some languages.

So the first step is to pick a language.

It should be Functional Language and Scripting Language.

In functional language you need to learn about Java and .Net and in Scripting language you need to learn about Python, Ruby, PHP, Node.js and Typescript.

After learning all these languages, you need to start doing practice, as a beginner you need to do the practice.

Implement those commands you have learned. Learn about the Package manager and start implementing this. Learn about Testing and Bug Fixing.

Start knowing about Relational Database and Framework. You can learn MongoDB Database, it is enough to know about databases and uses of databases. Then start gaining knowledge of Web Server like Apache.

Node.js -

Same as reactjs, node.js is mostly used by maximum web developers. Like reactjs, node.js allows you to make complete web applications using a single language which is Node.js.

Java -

Mostly in the starting phase, people start learning about java. And almost all made their first application using java. Java is a very old language but its popularity is not gone till now like C. Java provides 99% features of object-oriented programming.

Python -

Python is a trending Language, you should have a focus on python. You can make your career bright by learning Python. If you want to develop the back-end code using python then you can use Django. It is a Full Stack Web Development Framework for Python Programmers.