#python2.7

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2to3, Python 2 to Python 3 made easy!

Do I need to upgrade from Python 2 to Python 3? I started to develop my ADS-B tracker software in Python 2 and I delayed the upgrade to Python 3 for a long time. I was thinking it would be pretty difficult! Now that PIP is soon to drop support of Python 2.7, I finally got to it. It was much easier than I expected thanks to 2to3! The magic of 2to3 You don't really need to know much about Python 3 to do the upgrade! Just copy all your files in a new Python 3 directory, make sure you have installed all the Python 3 packages you need and use 2to3 and it is done! cp project_master project_master_py3 cd project_master_py3 sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip python3 -m pip install 2to3 -w *.py It should almost work... A little bit of tuning is needed You may still have some errors due to 2 things: - Python 3 does not like when mixing space and tab for indentation. It is quite easy to solve by being consistant. Use only spaces or only tabs, whatever is best for you (I don't have a religion there!). - Python 3 has a different way to manage strings and bytes. That one is trickier. I solved it by adding 2 functions to change the variable to bytes or to string when needed: #fn to_bytes def to_bytes(arg): if hasattr(arg, 'encode'): return arg.encode('utf-8') if hasattr(arg, 'decode'): return arg return repr(arg).encode('utf-8') #fn to_string def to_string(arg): if hasattr(arg, 'encode'): return arg if hasattr(arg, 'decode'): return arg.decode('utf-8') return repr(arg).decode('utf-8') I just ran my program until it detected all the instances where bytes and strings were mixed. That's it, it did the job. My trackers are now running Python 3, and still connect to my online database, tweet when detect new or interesting planes, connect through SigFox when off grid,... as they were doing in Python 2. I didn't notice an impact on the error rate so far. Read the full article

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2to3, Python 2 to Python 3 made easy!

Do I need to upgrade from Python 2 to Python 3? I started to develop my ADS-B tracker software in Python 2 and I delayed the upgrade to Python 3 for a long time. I was thinking it would be pretty difficult! Now that PIP is soon to drop support of Python 2.7, I finally got to it. It was much easier than I expected thanks to 2to3! The magic of 2to3 You don't really need to know much about Python 3 to do the upgrade! Just copy all your files in a new Python 3 directory, make sure you have installed all the Python 3 packages you need and use 2to3 and it is done! cp project_master project_master_py3 cd project_master_py3 sudo apt-get install python3 python3-pip python3 -m pip install 2to3 -w *.py It should almost work... A little bit of tuning is needed You may still have some errors due to 2 things: - Python 3 does not like when mixing space and tab for indentation. It is quite easy to solve by being consistant. Use only spaces or only tabs, whatever is best for you (I don't have a religion there!). - Python 3 has a different way to manage strings and bytes. That one is trickier. I solved it by adding 2 functions to change the variable to bytes or to string when needed: #fn to_bytes def to_bytes(arg): if hasattr(arg, 'encode'): return arg.encode('utf-8') if hasattr(arg, 'decode'): return arg return repr(arg).encode('utf-8') #fn to_string def to_string(arg): if hasattr(arg, 'encode'): return arg if hasattr(arg, 'decode'): return arg.decode('utf-8') return repr(arg).decode('utf-8') I just ran my program until it detected all the instances where bytes and strings were mixed. That's it, it did the job. My trackers are now running Python 3, and still connect to my online database, tweet when detect new or interesting planes, connect through SigFox when off grid,... as they were doing in Python 2. I didn't notice an impact on the error rate so far. Read the full article

[storageforthestrange]

Switching between python 2.7 and 3, activate virtualenv

https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/user-guide/tasks/switch-environment/

https://github.com/googleapis/google-api-python-client

[for-the-user]

unit testing in python

import unittest

Then you can create a test class:

class my_test(unittest.TestCase): def test_something(self): a = 1 b = 2 self.assertNotEqual(a, b) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()

Run it!

$ python tests.py ..... ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 1 tests in 0.000s OK

Noice, assert methods for python 2 are here.

To mock stuff out, you gotta install mock first

$ pip install mock

then you can do it

from mock import MagicMock, Mock, patch import myapp

mock out some import

sys.modules['somefile'] = Mock()

mock out some external crap and tell it what to pretend to be

@patch('redis.StrictRedis.hget', return_value="True") def test_some_function(self, some_db_call): . . . self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)

mock out external crap where the function being tested has multiple of the same thing to mock with different return values

@patch('redis.StrictRedis.hget', side_effect=['True', 'False']) def test_some_function(self, some_db_call): . . . self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 201)

unit testing flask, install the package

$ pip install Flask-Testing

then

from flask.ext.testing import TestCase import myapp from flask import Flask, request class LoginTests(unittest.TestCase): def setUp(self): myapp.app.config['TESTING'] = True self.app = myapp.app.test_client() def tearDown(self): pass def test_incorrect_request_method(self): response = self.app.get('/login') self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 405) if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()

to remove any files created by the test, such as a mocked logfile

# to remove dummy log files created by the mock files = [f for f in os.listdir('.') if os.path.isfile(f)] for f in files: if f[-4:] == '.log': os.remove(f)

to check code coverage, you can use coverage.py

$ pip install coverage

run you test using coverage, instead of python

$ coverage run tests.py ..... ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 1 tests in 0.000s OK

check your coverage

$ coverage report -m Name Stmts Miss Cover Missing ---------------------------------------- index.py 2056 1526 26% 94-95, 99-107, 110-119, 1247-3180 tests.py 690 0 100% ---------------------------------------- TOTAL 2746 1526 44%

if you decide to split your unit tests into neatly organised folders and you want to run all of them at once, you can do something like this:

. ├── tests │   ├── __init__.py │   ├── tests_main.py │   ├── auth │   │   ├── __init__.py │   │   ├── tests_login.py │   ├── comms │   │   ├── __init__.py │   │   ├── tests_emailer.py │   └── transaction │   ├── __init__.py │   ├── tests_transactions.py

make sure each folder including the root of the tests folder has an init file to make it into a module.

then you can use (as of python 2.7):

$ python -m unittest discover -s tests

this will recurse the directory names 'tests' and execute all of the test modules within.

to run just one of the modules

$ python -m unittest tests.tests_main $ python -m unittest tests.auth.tests_login $ python -m unittest tests.comms.tests_emailer $ python -m unittest tests.transaction.tests_transactions

and just one of the specific tests within a specific module

$ python -m unittest tests.auth.tests_login.LoginTests.test_successful_login

[tomomoi]

Installing MySQL-python in virtualenv (OSX)

I found this cool script from http://www.macminivault.com. It will check and install mysql to your system. (you can check his blog from the link above)

Just run : bash <(curl -Ls http://git.io/eUx7rg) and the script will do the rest.

In addition:

when installing mysql-python package using pip install you may encounter the error: (EnvironmentError: mysql_config not found)

Just add the path on your bin/activate file

PATH="$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin/"

NOTE*: Usually, mysql_config is found on that directory but check yours and add the correct path. reactivate env so the new settings is applied.

that's all. awesome work http://www.macminivault.com.

[eeach]

mathParse.py

I wrote this program in my first semester of college. It was inspired by a question on my Computer Science I: Fundamentals midterm exam.

For a while, I had been looking for a way to build a mathematical expression parser that could parse dynamic random variables, i.e., dice. This program allowed that with relative simplicity. I did find, later, that building an object and overriding mathematical…

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[pepper-robot]

pepperの開発言語:pythonのバージョン問題

Python2.7で直っていない不具合は、 Python3で直っていることもある。

この場合、Python2.7の状態でバグだけ直してもらうということはほぼ無理。

なので、Python3を初めから使ったほうが良さそう。 とはいえ、有力なライブラリがPython2.7依存状態。

どうすればいいの？という状態のようです。

pepperはどのバージョン想定なのか気になるところです。

[comp-arith]