#sarah durn

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Shelby Oaks Chris Stuckmann. 2024

Ghost Town Stadium: Rubber Bowl, 789 Derby Downs Dr, Akron, OH 44306, USA Bridge: Hillandale Bridge, Euclid, Ohio 44132, USA Street: Chapman Ave. East Cleveland, Ohio 44112, USA See in map

See in imdb

[esqueletosgays]

SHELBY OAKS (2025)

Director: Chris Stuckmann Cinematography: Andrew Scott Baird

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gif roulette ; movies on my hd || shelby oaks (2024)

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The Forgotten Story of The Woman Who Invented The Dishwasher! Gilded Age Socialite Josephine Cochrane Transformed The Way We Clean Dishes.

— By Sarah Durn | March 8, 2025

A Young Josephine Cochrane And An Iteration On Her Dishwasher Patent Issued In 1917. Images: US Patent And Trademark Office

For six months in 1893, Chicago was abuzz. More than 27 million people flocked to the fast-growing metropolis for the event of the century: the World’s Columbian Exposition, aka the World’s Fair. Perhaps the fair’s most pioneering display was found in Machinery Hall, showcasing American inventions like the cotton gin, phonograph, and telegraph. But a more recent innovation was causing an even bigger stir: the Garis-Cochran Dishwashing Machine, the only device in the massive hall invented by a woman. Over 200 dirty dishes could be loaded into the machine’s dish racks, which were then transferred inside a box surrounded by pulleys and gears. Two minutes later, the dishes would emerge sparkling clean. The contraption wasn’t just a display piece either: The fair’s many restaurants used it to clean tens of thousands of dishes each day.

Machinery Hall, also called the Palace of Mechanics Arts, viewed from the Colonnade at the World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, 1893. Image: Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago/Getty Images Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago

The invention even received an award for “best mechanical construction, durability, and adaptation to its line of work.” It was a breakthrough moment for socialite-turned-inventor Josephine Garis Cochran, one that would revolutionize the trajectory of the now-ubiquitous kitchen appliance.

Cochran, whose maiden name was Garis, was born on a chilly March day in 1839 Ashtabula County, Ohio. One could say inventing was in her blood: Her great-grandfather received one of the first patents for the steamboat, while her father was a civil engineer who operated several mills in Ohio and Indiana. “She was from what appeared to be a prominent family,” says engineer Lauren Busch, who co-authored Women in the National Inventors Hall of Fame, which includes a chapter on Cochran.

After her mother died, Cochran moved in with an older sister in Illinois where she met William Cochran. William was something of a gregarious adventurer, who “couldn’t find himself for a while,” says Busch. Before the pair met, William had worked in the California Gold Rush, where he tried mining, teaching, railway work, and even digging up potatoes. He finally found success back in Illinois, where he ran a dry goods business.

In 1858, 19-year-old Josephine married William, who was nine years her senior. As the wife of a successful businessman, Josephine settled into a life of leisure. She took to spelling her married name “Cochrane” because she thought it sounded more European and sophisticated. “That was a pretty radical thing because her husband didn’t do that,” says Busch. “It showed that she definitely did have her own ideas and did have some sense of independence from her husband.”

The couple moved into a large house in Shelbyville, Illinois, where they had several servants, and often entertained their neighbors using Josephine’s heirloom 17th-century china. However, “she was unhappy that the china kept getting broken when it was being washed [by the servants] so she decided she would wash it herself,” says Busch, but “then she was chipping it,” too. She thought there had to be a way to automate the task, and vowed, “If nobody else is going to invent a dishwashing machine, I’ll do it myself.”

But not everything was as pleasant as it seemed for the Cochrans. “It’s hard to imagine that [the marriage] would have been a happy one,” says Busch. William was a violent alcoholic with a temper, “and they had a child die, which is hard on any marriage.”

Then, William suddenly died in 1883, and Josephine learned the family’s financial situation was far from what she had thought: William had left her with only $1,500 and growing debts. With limited options, Cochran put all her effort into developing her dishwashing machine.

She needed to find someone who could build a prototype from her drawings, and she eventually hired mechanic George Butters. “They have a very successful working relationship because he does take her seriously, and he does know that he’s there to implement her ideas,” says Busch. Together, the pair work in Cochran’s shed with Butters entering through the back. Cochran “was very concerned that people would see him coming to her house over and over again and that it would hurt her reputation,” says Busch.

Cochran’s U.S. Patent No. 355,139 for a “Dish Washing Machine.” Image: US Patent and Trademark Office

Just a few days after Christmas in 1886, Cochran was issued US Patent 355,139 for her “Dish Washing Machine.” Though the machine wasn’t the first of its kind, Cochran’s appliance used water pressure, rather than scrubbers, to clean dishes — a revolutionary idea modern dishwashers still utilize.

Cochran had always hoped her machine would alleviate the burden of washing up that often fell to women. But the device was too cost-prohibitive for the domestic market. In a later interview, Cochran reflected, “When it comes to buying something for the kitchen that costs $75 or $100, a woman begins at once to figure out all the other things she could do with the money. She hates dishwashing — what woman does not? — but she has not learned to think of her time and comfort as worth money. Besides, she isn’t the deciding factor when it comes to spending comparatively large sums of money for the house.”

Instead, Cochran turned to hotels and restaurants, making her first sale in 1887 to the Palmer House Hotel in Chicago. Cochran recalled just how intimidating it was to pitch her idea to male hoteliers: “You cannot imagine what it was like in those days…for a woman to cross a hotel lobby alone. I had never been anywhere without my husband or father — the lobby seemed a mile wide. I thought I should faint at every step, but I didn’t — and I got an $800 order as my reward.”

View of the Exterior of the Palmer House Hotel at 17 E. Monroe Street, Chicago, Illinois, Late 1910s or Early 1920s. Image: Chicago History Museum/Getty Images Chicago History Museum

Shortly after founding the Garis-Cochran Dish-Washing Company alongside several male backers, Cochran finally had her big break during the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair. “She got a lot of exposure” at the fair, says Busch, which translated to more orders than ever before. In addition to restaurants and hotels, hospitals also started purchasing her dishwasher.

Around 1898, Cochran finally succeeded in bringing the manufacturing of her dishwashers in-house, renaming the business the Crescent Washing Machine Company. After opening her own factory, she promoted Butters to foreman. From there the company continued to grow, selling dishwashers to buyers from Alaska to Mexico.

On August 3, 1913, Cochran passed away at her Chicago home at the age of 74. Thirteen years later, Hobart Manufacturing Company acquired Cochran’s Crescent Dishwashing Company, which started manufacturing KitchenAid dishwashers based on Cochran’s original patent. Eventually, in 1986, Whirlpool Corporation acquired KitchenAid. It’s surprising to realize there’s this “uninterrupted timeline” between Cochran’s early dishwasher and modern machines, says Busch.

In an interview shortly before her death, Cochran reflected, “If I knew all I know today when I began to put the dishwasher on the market, I never would have had the courage to start. But then, I would have missed a very wonderful experience.”

[higherentity]

[biglisbonnews]

How the Best Underwater Photography Reveals a World of Wonder Hidden beneath churning ocean waves is a world teeming with unknown creatures. In the waters off Madeira in the North Atlantic Ocean, fluorescent lizardfish light up the dark sea. Off the Scottish coast, an hour’s drive east of Edinburgh, thumbnail-sized long-clawed porcelain crabs delicately scuttle along a muted, yellow coral nicknamed dead man’s fingers. Swimming along California’s shifting tides are the deep water plainfin midshipman fish that travel from the ocean depths to the rocky shorelines where males “hum” to attract a mate. (Their humming, which people can hear from shore, even prompted “generator-like” noise complaints in Sausalito, California.) Earth’s oceans are full of such creatures, and thanks to some daring photographers who aren’t afraid to get a little wet, we can all catch a glimpse of these underwater wonders. Plunging into chilly waters isn’t the only thing that makes capturing these aquatic animals difficult. U.K.-based photographer James Lynott had to swim at night with a water-resistant LED blue light and a heavy underwater camera to find and photograph a glow-in-the-dark lizardfish. In Indonesia’s northern Lembeh Strait, photographer Katarzyna Battenfeld carefully searched for a colorful Coleman's shrimp scurrying around the venomous fire urchins that the crustaceans call home. As Battenfeld put it, “there is a lot of luck involved.” Recognizing the patience, work, and luck it takes to capture a stunning underwater image, British underwater photographers Peter Rowlands, Dan Bolt, and Alex Mustard launched the “Underwater Photographer of the Year” competition in 2014/2015. The competition awards multiple winners each year in various categories, such as shipwreck images, portraits, black and white photography, and more. From stunning pink coral-scapes to mating coconut octopuses, Atlas Obscura selected some of our favorite images from this year’s finalists and winners: Welcome to the wonderful world beneath the ocean’s waves. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/best-underwater-photography-awards

[biglisbonnews]

The Untold Stories of the Women Who Led Slave Revolts In Atlas Obscura’s Q&A series She Was There, we talk to female scholars who are writing long-forgotten women back into history. In scrawling cursive, an English enslaver named Robert Norris, captain of the slave ship The Unity, wrote an entry in his log marked June 6, 1770: “The slaves made an Insurrection which was soon quelled…with the loss of two woman slaves.” On June 22, “the slaves attempted another Insurrection after the death of a girl slave.” Then again, four days later on June 26, “a few of the slaves got off their Handcuffs but were detected in Time.” That’s three uprisings on one ship, in less than a month, all involving female African captives. Historian Rebecca Hall, author of the graphic novel Wake: The Hidden History of Women-Led Slave Revolts, says that’s not an anomaly; enslaved women and female captives led numerous uprisings, such as those onboard The Unity. In her new book, Hall opens with a “measured use of historical imagination,” working with her illustrator, Hugo Martínez, to visualize how the women on board The Unity fought back in 1770. It wasn’t hard to do, considering that 227 of the African captives on board were sold to Norris in Abomey, the capital of Dahomey, where women were trained as skilled warriors. “There were constant revolts,” says Hall. Atlas Obscura spoke with Hall about why she’s drawn to these women, such as “the Negro Wench” who led a 1708 slave revolt in New York City, and their enduring legacy. What is it about female warriors that have drawn you to their stories? Since I was a little kid, I remember watching women who fought back on TV. I watched Charlie's Angels and The Bionic Woman. I've always been drawn to women warriors because I find the idea of women fighting back in that way very inspiring. I’m interested in women warriors also as a historical category of analysis. I'm fascinated by the ways in which women warriors are valorized and disavowed at the same time. There are women warriors throughout history, but what happens is that the history is erased or the women become some kind of exception: She became this way because her husband died and she had to take over leadership. It’s always tied to a woman’s role. She ends up becoming the exception that proves the rule over and over again that women aren't warriors. In my own research in recovering the women who led slave revolts and participated in slave revolts, there was such pushback because people couldn’t even imagine the concept. What's the first woman-led slave revolt you uncovered? A woman led a revolt in what's now Queens [in New York City]. It was in the city of Newtown, which is [now] Elmhurst. She led a revolt and she was captured. She was burned at the stake and the men who were involved in the revolt were hanged. And I would love to tell you her name, but it's not preserved. She was referred to as the “Negro Fiend,” so that's what I call her. How do we know a woman led this revolt in 1708? There was one newspaper in the British colonies. It was The Boston Weekly Newsletter. So there are a couple of articles that describe what happened and talk about her. There's a correspondence between Lord Cornbury, who was then governor of New York [and New Jersey], to the Privy Council in England describing the events. [There was also a 19th-century book, written by a self-styled historian, called The Annals of Newtown.] It describes this revolt and the family that was killed: a man, his wife who was pregnant, and five kids. So those are all the sources related to that incident, and they all refer to this woman—the “Negro Wench” or the “Negro Fiend.” Your book opens with a female-led revolt on a slave ship. How did you learn about women’s involvement in ship insurrections? There's this incredible database. It's called the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database, a searchable database of over 36,000 slave ship voyages. Historians using it found that there was [about one revolt for every ten voyages], which is much higher than anyone expected, because it's basically suicide. Then they were like, “Okay, so what's the difference between ships that have revolts and ships that didn't have revolts?” The only statistical difference was the more women on the ship, the more likely a revolt. And then they just dismissed their own findings by saying, “But we all know that women weren't involved in this kind of militant fighting.” What might explain why more women on a ship made a revolt more likely? [The slave trade] was a highly regulated business. So the rule was when you're on the coast of West Africa and you're loading captives onto your ship, everyone was kept below deck and in chains, because there was a risk of what's called a “cut-off,” where men and women would come and attack the ship and try to free the people on board. So to avoid that, [enslavers] kept everybody chained below deck. But once the ship was in the Atlantic, they took all the women, unchained them, and put them on deck, which is where the weapons were. It was about sexual violence and control, but it was also dismissing women as potential danger sources. A lot of these slavers died because they didn't take [these women] seriously. Why are there such detailed records of slave ship insurrections like those on board The Unity in 1770? The reason why these revolts were documented was for insurance purposes. So Lloyd's of London or [another insurance company] would insure slave traders and their ships and their so-called cargo. One of the things they would insure them against was something called the insurrection of cargo—which is crazy if you think about it because how can cargo insurrect? So [enslavers] needed to document every revolt, and that's why there are such good records on it. What's the most important thing readers should know about female-led slave revolts? Slave revolts, generally speaking, are so important and underappreciated in the Atlantic world [and] British-American history. So, first of all, I would like people to know that there were slave revolts. There were constant revolts. And that these revolts put so much pressure on—and helped to bring about the end of—the slave trade and the institution of slavery itself. I want people to know that we've been fighting this whole time. This interview has been edited for length and clarity. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/women-led-slave-revolts

[alcinemaoggi]

🎬 #ShelbyOaksIlCovoDelMale

La ricerca ossessiva di una donna per sua sorella scomparsa la porta in un terrificante mistero per mano di un male sconosciuto.

Al Cinema Oggi https://www.cinemaoggi.com/film.php?slug=shelby-oaks-il-covo-del-male-937941