The author—may Allāh have mercy upon him—said concerning what has been narrated by Abū Hurayrah—may Allāh be pleased with him; the Prophet, ﷺ said: “Many a person who are disheveled, dusty, and driven away from doors, if they were to swear by Allāh (that something would happen), Allāh will certainly make it happen.”
ذكر المؤلف رحمه الله تعالى فيما نقله عن أبي هريرة رضي الله عنه أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: ((رب أشعث أغبر مدفوع بالأبواب لو أقسم على الله لأبره)).
‘Disheveled’ is a description of the hair, meaning their hair is disheveled. They do not have that which will beautify their hair or comb it. And they do not give great importance to their appearance.
وأشعث من صفات الشعر، وشعره أشعث يعني ليس له ما يدهن به الشعر، ولا ما يرجله، وليس يهتم بمظهره،
‘Dusty’ meaning dust coloured, their garment is dusty, and this is due to their severe poverty.
وأغبر يعني أغبر اللون، أغبر الثياب، وذلك لشدة فقره.
‘Driven away from doors’ meaning he has no relevance. When he goes to the people and seeks permission to enter, he is not given permission, thus they close the door on him. If they open the door and find this person standing there, they shove the door in his face, because he has no valve in the sight of the people, but he has valve with the Lord of all that exists.
مدفوع بالأبواب: يعني ليس له جاه، إذا جاء إلى الناس يستأذن لا يأذنون له، بل يدفعونه بالباب؛ لأنه ليس له قيمة عند الناس لكن له قيمة عند رب العالمين،
If they were by swear by Allāh (that something would happen), Allāh will certainly make it happen. If they were to say: ‘By Allāh such and such will not happen’; then it will not happen. And if they were to say: ‘By Allāh such and such will happen’; then it will happen. If they were to swear by Allāh (that something would happen), Allāh will certainly make it happen. This is due to their nobility and status with Allāh.
لو أقسم على الله لأبره، لو قال: والله لا يكون كذا لم يكن، والله ليكونن كذا لكان. لو أقسم على الله لأبره، لكرمه عند الله عز وجل ومنزلته.
What was the cause of them reaching this level? Because perhaps there will be a person who is disheveled, dusty and driven away from doors and if they were to swear by Allāh (that something would happen) Allāh will not make it happen. While there are other people who are disheveled, dusty, and driven away from doors if they were to swear by Allāh (that something would happen), Allāh will certainly make it happen.
فبأي شيء يحصل هذا؟ فربما يكون رجل أشعث أغبر مدفوع بالأبواب لو أقسم على الله ما أبره، ورب أشعث أغبر مدفوع بالأبواب لو أقسم على الله لأبره.
Therefore what is the criterion?
فما هو الميزان؟
The criterion is taqwá of Allāh the Exalted.
الميزان تقوى الله عز وجل،
As Allāh the Exalted said: {Indeed, the most noble of you in the sight of Allāh is the most righteous of you} (Al-Ḥujurāt 49:13)
كما قال الله تعالى: (إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ) [الحجرات: 13]
Thus whoever has the most taqwá, then he is the most honourable with Allāh. Allāh will make their affairs easy. He will answer their duʿā, and remove harm from them, and He will cause their oaths to come to pass.
فمن كان أتقى لله فهو أكرم عند الله، ييسر الله له الأمر، يجيب دعاءه، ويكشف ضره، ويبر قسمه.
Shaykh Muḥammad b. Ṣāliḥ al-ʿUthaymīn, Sharḥ Riyaḍ al-Ṣāliḥīn 3/64
ابن عثيمين، شرح رياض الصالحين ٣/٦٤
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