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How the election process in Spanning Tree Protocol and how to elect the Root Bridge, Root Port, Designated Port & Alternate Port and Verification commands in Cisco Packet Tracer.
Best Guide- Layer-2 vs Layer-3 Switching and How Inter-Vlan Routing works?
In Switching technology, basically there are two concepts working-. Layer-2 vs Layer-3 Switching. We all know how Layer-2 switching works, How Layer-2 switch works. What is Layer-2 Vlan and all. To read more on how Layer-2 works, please read- https://techblog.kbrosistechnologies.com/best-guide-4-how-switch-works/ Read More…
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Best Guide-2-STP-Spanning Tree protocol- Advanced-(PortFast, UplinkFast, BPDUGaurd, RootGaurd, UDLD)
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) plays a crucial role in LAN Switching, there are multiple devices are connected with their uplink or downlink devices as a part of Distribution and access layer till Core layer and as we always recommend having redundancy in the network in the form of Link, hardware or power. In previous Blog, we have discussed about Spanning Tree Basics functionality and features. In…
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Best Guide-1-Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)- How STP Avoid loops
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) plays a crucial role in LAN Switching, there are multiple devices are connected with their uplink or downlink devices as a part of Distribution and access layer till Core layer and as we always recommend having redundancy in the network in the form of Link, hardware or power. During designing of redundant link between devices, there are a chance to create loops and to…
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STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol)
STP (Spanning Tree Protocol) is a Layer-2 protocol that builds a loop-free network topology. Only one active path can exist between two stations in order for them to function properly. STP is a Network Protocol (Layer2) and has a Standard of IEEE 802.1D/W/S/Q, Cisco (Def on Cisco=PVST). Its function is to prevent Layer2 Loops within a network topology, adapt to network changes and failures. The…
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Spanning Tree Protocol | Spanning Tree States
Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol is the layer 2 protocol which is used to avoid the loops of the layer 2 basically it is a loop avoidance protocol and the algorithm of the STP is Spanning Tree Algorithm and this algorithm was invented by the "Radia Perlman". This protocol provide us the logically loop free topology for the network of ethernet. The standard of Spanning tree protocol is IEEE 802.1D.
Spanning Tree Protocol Terms
Root Bridge
Designated Port
Root Port
Non Root Bridge
Spanning Tree Algorithm
Spanning Tree Protocol algorithm is STA that work is avoid the loops in the ethernet network on the basis of the calculations of the spanning tree protocol terms in different locations of the network. Spanning tree algorithm calculate terms like:
Root Bridge Per Network
Designated Port Per Segment
Root Port Per Non Root Bridge
Root Bridge/Network
The first major thing that is calculated by the algorithm is root bridge and root bridge is selected on the basis of the election and election is occur on the basis of the following terms:
Switch Priority
If any switch in the network has lowest switch priority will win the election and will be a Root Bridge and the default value of switch priority is 32768 and it is configurable parameter.
MAC Address
If the switch priority of the switches in the network is same then the election will be done on the base of the MAC address and If any switch in the network has the lowest Mac address in term of hexadecimals than that switch will be a Root Bridge and the MAC address never same because it is a unique address.
Designated Port/Segment
Designated Port is the port of the switch that is the best BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) transmitter. BPDU packet consist of the following parameters:
Root Bridge ID
Cost to the Root
Sender Bridge ID
Sender Port ID
Root Port/Non Root Bridge
Root Port is the port of the switch that is the best BPDU receiver and these ports are elected on the non root bridge.
Final Conclusion
After the working on the selection of the terms the remaining port or ports goes in the temporarily blocking state and the signal of the blocking port is the color of orange in below figure so that way the loops of the layer 2 avoid in the ethernet network.
Fig 1:Spanning Tree Protocol
Spanning Tree States
Following are the five states of the spanning tree protocol which are known as spanning tree states:
Disable State
Blocking State
Listening State
Learning State
Forwarding State
So there is approximately 50 seconds required from disable state to the forwarding state and from blocking state to forwarding state we required 30 seconds. In enterprise network it is very time taking process to come in the forwarding state. It is very time consuming process.
Algorhyme
I think that I shall never see a graph more lovely than a tree.
A tree whose crucial property is loop-free connectivity.
A tree that must be sure to span so packet can reach every LAN.
First, the root must be selected. By ID, it is elected.
Least-cost paths from root are traced. In the tree, these paths are placed.
A mesh is made by folks like me, then bridges find a spanning tree.
-Radia Perlman