#theme:norway

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Norwegian People's Aid (NPA) has provided support to Ethiopia since 1984, and established its office in the country in 2006. The NPA development programme comprises eight partner organizations working with two thematic areas: Violence against women; and Land and natural resource management. Since the programme is fairly recent and has not been externally evaluated until now, since NPA is in the process of developing a new country strategy, and because of the changing conditions for civil society activity in Ethiopia because of new legislation, NPA has commissioned this evaluation. The evaluation team find the two programme areas to be highly relevant in all dimensions: they respond to urgent needs in Ethiopia; the way that partners work allows them to be change agents in these areas in spite of the restrictive legal context in Ethiopia; and the programme therefore allows NPA’s strategic objectives to be realized.

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The authors limit their analysis solely to products found in 0201.30 and 0202.30 (fresh and frozen boneless beef, respectively) of the tariff schedule, as imports of carcasses and bone-in products (0201.10, 0201.20, 0202.10, 0202.20) from the developing world are limited by SPS regulations that prohibit bone-in imports to protect primarily against the entry of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). The information generated in this report comes from a combination of public sources, economic literature, and informant interviews with beef importers in Norway.

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The flower trade from Kenya and Ethiopia has brought direct financial benefits to both countries which contribute to agricultural GDP. Moreover it has brought substantial indirect benefits in the form of employment, organisational and institutional capacity gains, and it has acted as a role model for national enterprise development led by the private sector. Providing trading advantages in the market of flowers to Norway offers an effective high profile modality to strengthen the social and environmental responsibility aspects of this labour intensive and water thirsty industry. Due in part to the quality pressures from the West, and to the demanding and ever changing safety and environmental standards needed, the industry presents a unique opportunity to be a leader in social change in these exporting countries.

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The overall goal of this project is that local communities benefit from and contribute to the conservation of coastal and marine biodiversity in the southern Toliara region, Madagascar, through the sustainable use and participatory management of living marine and coastal resources, in collaboration with local fishermen, the Malagasy Fisheries Administration, collectors, retailers and the local populations and authorities The project has generated positive impacts both for Toliara coastal communities and for the adjacent coastal environment. The key findings of this project show that in a Malagasy context where the political situation is relatively unstable and that local administration is failing to manage natural resources properly, a participative and sustainable marine resources management is the right approach to tackle the socio-economic and environmental challenges of Malagasy coastal communities.

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Women’s Rights and Gender Equality is a sub-programme of the Norwegian Programme for Development, Research and Education (NUFU). The sub-programme started in 2009 and is expected to end in 2013. Five projects were funded where Norwegian universities work with partners in Tanzania, Malawi, Ethiopia, South Africa and Palestine. The programme has been successful, and has contributed to individual and institutional capacity on women’s rights and gender equality directly and mainstreamed into areas such as agricultural production and food science, education and maternal health. The report recommends that women’s rights and gender equality is included as one of the priority topics also in future university cooperation programmes.

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Joint land titling in Peru implied a defacto transfer of property from men to women. This project conducted a survey of 1280 household to measure the impact on women participation in household decision making. The following report describes the methodological approach and summarizes the main results which indicate a positive effect on women empowerment.

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Peru enforced joint titles between spouses and cohabitants in their land formalization process in 57 percent of the 1.5 million titles issued to date. We find a significant empowerment effect in a survey of 1,280 households, interviewing both spouses jointly and separately to disclose influence on household decision-making, in line intrahousehold bargaining theory on threat point of divorce.

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Peru is rich in natural resources and the former president García believed extraction would lead to development. However, he had only limited success in spite a strong presidential system. This paper analysis social and judicial forces that limited the level of resources extraction.