Final Project

By Tommy Monger, Axl Self, Em Rowland

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Formatting

Tags:

Subtopic tags= #hierarchy, #gender, #race Post Type tags= #reblog, #quote, #analysis, #web weaving

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Women, young girls, and LGBTQ+ are more likely to experience online gendered based violence. We must conduct more research to know if minorities within that (such as racial factors and disability) are more suseptible, but in accordance to VAWG they must be.

Backe, E. L., Lilleston, P., & McCleary-Sills, J. (2018). Networked individuals, gendered violence: A literature review of cyberviolence. Violence and Gender, 5(3), 135–146. https://doi.org/10.1089/vio.2017.0056

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Digital literacy is essential to protecting yourself from online gendered violence. We must stay informed and protect those who cannot protect themselves, such as younger girls in online spaces.

Lee, Eugene, and Hye Eun Lee. “The Relationship between Cyber Violence and Cyber Sex Crimes: Understanding the Perception of Cyber Sex Crimes as Systemic Issues.” Children, vol. 11, no. 6, June 2024, p. 682. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.3390/children11060682.

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Black Twitter Documentary and Memes

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So many forms of online gendered violence affect women and people that is perceived to be a women, and those numbers rose exponentially during the pandemic. Extremes as far as frequent death threats, to unpleasant, sporadic messages. Violence is violence, and can cause harm to you and your wellbeing. Take care of yourself, and stay safe !

Amaral, Inês, et al. “Technology Gap and Other Tensions in Social Support and Legal Procedures: Stakeholders’ Perceptions of Online Violence against Women during the Covid-19 Pandemic.” El Profesional de La Información, vol. 31, no. 4, July 2022, pp. 1–12. EBSCOhost, https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2022.jul.13.

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Violence on women and people perceived as women is often committed by those we trust and let into our lives willingly. Online, and real life. Stay aware, stay safe.

Ruth Lewis, Michael Rowe, Clare Wiper, Online Abuse of Feminists as An Emerging form of Violence Against Women and Girls, The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 57, Issue 6, November 2017, Pages 1462–1481, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azw073

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Discrimination in 0nline Ad Delivery

Found that certain names were tied to certain ethnic groups more

Found that names traditionally linked to Blackness that were searched on search engines were more likely to have ads centering crime and criminal history

White names did not get ads centering crime or police records

Even if the white name was tied to an actual criminal history, it still did not get ads to find their records

However, regardless of crime committed, almost all Black names were tied to crime in some way

Black names were routinely connected to delinquency

"Discrimination is at the heart of online advertising."

Sweeney, Latanya. 2013. “Discrimination in Online Ad Delivery.” Communications of the ACM 56 (5): 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1145/2447976.2447990.

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There are various forms of online gendered violence experience at different rates of internet usage!! Be aware of them and keep yourselves protected; this was a really valuable page.

Ruth Lewis, Michael Rowe, Clare Wiper, Online Abuse of Feminists as An Emerging form of Violence Against Women and Girls, The British Journal of Criminology, Volume 57, Issue 6, November 2017, Pages 1462–1481, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azw073

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#YesAllWomen #YesALLWhiteWomen

started in 2014 in response to mass femicide at University of California

centered the misogynistic experiences of women

oversaturated with white women and their experienced, directly ignored Black women and WOC

#YesALLWhiteWomen was started to counter white dominance in feminist spaces

centered the experiences of WOC and held white women accountable

accused of being purposefully divisive, incredibly antagonistic to WOC

almost entirely ignored in mainstream media/"feminist" spaces

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Black Twitter

"These processes allow for what I term new surveillances, or a reconstitution of the relations of surveillance between individuals and the State. Rather than merely being objects of State and State-sponsored surveillance, smartphone and other technologies enable Black citizens to surveil State agents and institutions, thereby holding the State and its apparatuses accountable for practices of anti-Black violence and other forms of social injustice."

"The rejection of respectability politics within Black Twitter is indexed by the strong advocacy for “imperfect victims” within the digital community. ... By using the hashtag to assert that every Black life “matters,” despite ostensible bad choices or an imperfect life history, the Black Twitter counterpublic actively contests dominant anti-Black narratives about whose life is worth protecting."

"...which are centered around patriarchal norms of femininity, politeness, and deference to male authority, lead to disproportionate arrests when defied by Black women and girls. ...  Black Twitter also created space to address the specific ways that trans populations face state violence through misgendering, profiling, harassment, sexual abuse, and criminalization of their bodies within public space."

Hill, Marc Lamont. 2018. “‘Thank You, Black Twitter’: State Violence, Digital Counterpublics, and Pedagogies of Resistance.” Urban Education 53 (2): 286–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085917747124.

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Counter-Hierarchical Digital Action

“Kenyans used #SomeoneTellCNN to point out errors in news reporting of local events by international media, while at the same time rewriting stories about the coverage of East Africa.” ... “After sustained contestation from Kenyans, CNN and McKenzie later apologised for the coverage…”(Mukhongo, 2020)

“Given the diminished freedom of expression and shrunk democratic space, Zimbabweans find social media to be a relatively “safe” space where they can speak truth to power.” (Ureke, 2024)

“Online journalism allows for connection and discussion at levels that print and traditional broadcast media cannot offer” (Adibe, 2017)

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Black Twitter

"... a virtual community of Twitter users engaged in real-time discourses primarily related to Black American culture and politics."

"By digital counterpublic, I refer to any virtual, online, or otherwise digitally networked community in which members actively resist hegemonic power, contest majoritarian narratives, engage in critical dialogues, or negotiate oppositional identities."

Hill, Marc Lamont. 2018. “‘Thank You, Black Twitter’: State Violence, Digital Counterpublics, and Pedagogies of Resistance.” Urban Education 53 (2): 286–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042085917747124.

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#Ferguson as a field site

"As we discuss below, Twitter affords a unique platform for collectively identifying, articulating, and contesting racial injustices from the in-group perspectives of racialized populations. Whereas in most mainstream media contexts the experiences of racialized populations are overdetermined, stereotyped, or tokenized, social media platforms such as Twitter offer sites for collectively constructing counternarratives and reimagining group identities."

"By looking only at tweets marked #Ferguson, one would miss out on a large number of posts that were “about” Ferguson even though they were not marked as such. ... In many ways, these tweets form part of the nonplace that is #Ferguson, much as diasporic communities are part of a place called “home.”'

Bonilla, Yarimar, and Jonathan Rosa. 2015. “#Ferguson: Digital Protest, Hashtag Ethnography, and the Racial Politics of Social Media in the United States.” American Ethnologist 42 (1): 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12112.

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#Ferguson

"The increased use and availability of these technologies has provided marginalized and racialized populations with new tools for documenting incidents of state-sanctioned violence and contesting media representations of racialized bodies and marginalized communities."

"It is surely not coincidental that the groups most likely to experience police brutality, to have their protests disparaged as acts of “rioting” or “looting,” and to be misrepresented in the media are precisely those turning to digital activism at the highest rates."

"The use of hashtags such as #HandsUpDontShoot, #IfTheyGunnedMeDown, and #NoAngel speak to the long history of inaccurate and unfair portrayal of African Americans within mainstream media and to the systematic profiling and victim blaming suffered by racializied bodies."

Bonilla, Yarimar, and Jonathan Rosa. 2015. “#Ferguson: Digital Protest, Hashtag Ethnography, and the Racial Politics of Social Media in the United States.” American Ethnologist 42 (1): 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/amet.12112.

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Effects of ORD:

Mental harm:

"...experiencing ORD can influence students’ anxiety, depressive symptoms, and stress levels. ORD was also associated with higher negative moods, a sense of helplessness, and disrupting positive emotions like empathy..."

Physical harm:

"...an lead to harmful externalizing behaviors such as rule-breaking, alcohol consumption and drug use in high schoolers. ...explained that Black youth with low racial identification (e.g., racial affirmation and belongingness) who experience ORD are at high risk of substance use, including drugs and alcohol."

Academic harm:

"... found that teenagers who reported increases in ORD over time also significantly experienced decreases in academic motivation...

Beard, Karen Stansberry, Mitchell Shortt, and Kui Xie. 2024. “The Emergence and Escalation of Online Racial Discrimination in Digital Spaces: A Systematic Review.” Review of Educational Research, January. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543231217459.

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Online Racial Discrimination (ORD):

Denigrating or excluding individuals or groups on the basis of race through the use of symbols, voice, video, images, text, and graphic representations.

Beard, Karen Stansberry, Mitchell Shortt, and Kui Xie. 2024. “The Emergence and Escalation of Online Racial Discrimination in Digital Spaces: A Systematic Review.” Review of Educational Research, January. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543231217459.

[nyancrimew]

remember .io games? that was 8 years ago

[therealkepler-deactivated202504]

nowadays the only people that use the .io domain are technology sites

[nyancrimew]

ok so .io is a "fun" lesson in colonialism and technology, like all two letter top level domains (yes all of them) it's a country domain belonging to a country, io being the british indian oceans territory, an archipelago in the indian ocean. .io domains became so trendy because they're easily marketable to tech people (io can stand for input/output), it looks kinda cool and at the time domains with .io were highly available with not many websites being created on the islands.

however .io is not like other small islands with highly wanted tlds such as .ai or .to, where the islands make millions off of domain sales and can rely on them as a big pillar of their economy. all profits from .io sales go to the UK, and despite a fight to get control over their tld the islands get nothing, not only did the native population get displaced in land deals and colonialism but their colonizer also heavily profits off of the territories sudden (indirect) trendyness with tech startups.

don't buy .io domains, don't support the british empire.