
izzy's playlists!

Origami Around

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祝日 / Permanent Vacation
we're not kids anymore.
trying on a metaphor
Sweet Seals For You, Always
RMH
Alisa U Zemlji Chuda
I'd rather be in outer space 🛸
macklin celebrini has autism

ellievsbear

★

roma★
noise dept.
Mike Driver
KIROKAZE
d e v o n

Kaledo Art
almost home
seen from France

seen from T1

seen from Singapore
seen from United States
seen from Italy
seen from Malaysia

seen from Germany

seen from Australia

seen from Australia

seen from Australia

seen from Türkiye

seen from United Kingdom

seen from United States

seen from Australia
seen from United Kingdom

seen from Spain

seen from Singapore

seen from Malaysia

seen from Australia

seen from Syria
@border-line-personality
Luna Elizabeth
Nebula Images: http://nebulaimages.com/
Astronomy articles: http://astronomyisawesome.com/
LOOK WHAT I FOUND I’M SO HAPPY
German Conjunctions
Coordinating Conjunctions:
The sentence structure is exactly the same (conjunction + subject + finite verb…)
Aber - but
Denn - because
Doch - but, however
Oder - or
Sondern - but (rather)
Und - and
Beziehungsweise - or, or more precisely
Allein - but (unfortunately)
Jedoch - but, however
Subordinating Conjunctions:
The finite verb is placed at the end (subjunction + subject + … + finite verb)
Als - when (past events)
Als ob / als wenn - as if
Bevor - before
Bis - until, by
Da - because
Damit - so that
Dass - that
Ehe - before
Falls - in case, if
Indem - by …-ing
Nachdem - after
Ob - whether (use only if you could say “whether in english”)
Obwohl - although
Seit - since (used for time)
Seitdem - since (used for time)
So dass - so that
Solange - as long as
Sooft - as often as (whenever)
Um … zu - in order to
Wann - when (questions)
Während - during, while, whereas
Weil - because
Wenn - when (present + future), whenever, if
Wohingegen - whereas
Conjunctional Adverbs:
The finite verb comes before the subject (conjunctional adverb + finite verb + subject + …)
Allerdings - however
Also - therefore
Andererseits - on the other hand
Anschließend - then/afterwards
Außerdem - furthermore
Bald … bald - sometimes … sometimes
Dabei - thereby
Dadurch - thus
Dafür - for this
Dagegen - on the other hand
Damit - so that
Danach - then
Dann - then
Darauf - on/on it
Darum - therefore
Davor - before that
Dazu - to that
Deshalb - that is why
Deswegen - hence
Entweder … oder - either … or
Einerseits … andererseits - on one hand … on the other hand
Ferner - moreover
Folglich - consequently
Genauso - just the same
Immerhin - after all
Inzwischen - meanwhile
Mal … mal - sometimes … sometimes
Jedoch - however
Schließlich - finally/eventually
Sowohl … als auch - both … and
Später - later
Teils… teils - partly … partly
Trotzdem - nevertheless
Vorher - before
Weder …. Noch - neither … nor
Zuvor - previously
Zwar - although
Hi guys! After I posted this picture, some people have approached me and asked me about some resources. Since a few of you wanted to know, why not make a whole masterpost and add some other useful stuff!
First of all, I am officially at B2+ level of German, having passed my Goethe Zertifikat and the DaF-Test. If you have any questions about these exams, please, don’t be afraid to ask!
Grammar books/websites
Übungsgrammmatik für die Grundstufe - this one is for the basic level (A1-B1)
Hueber Übungsgrammatik für die Mittelstufe - this is the one in the picture and it is for an intermediate level
Hueber Übungsgrammatik für Fortgeschrittene - this one is for the advanced level
Schubert grammar
German grammar - +some pretty pictures of the German cities
Duden - Deutsche Grammatik - a very detailed grammar book! (haven’t used it but you can’t go wrong with this publisher)
Pons
Hueber - the same publisher of the first three books, here you can search for more useful books that suit your needs!
German news (reading + videos)
Deutsche Welle - one of the best websites to learn German from! Has language lessons, videos, podcasts, slow spoken news, exercises and much more!
Zeit
Spiegel - this one is a little harder if you are just beginning to learn German
Tagesschau
Dictionaries
Dict.cc - the best one so far in my opinion with many examples
Collins - you can also order one online if you wish
Pons - also available for order if you don’t want to use the online version
Tip: If you can, avoid using Google Translate and Bing! They are great for simple things, but sometimes useless and confusing if you want to translate longer and more complicated texts.
Library
I’ve seen many resources for books but honestly the best thing you can do is join your local Goethe Library, if you have one. If not, try searching for some German libraries that offer online registration. If you join your local Goethe Institute library, they probably offer an online registration to the Onleihe service, where you can rent books online and read them on your computer/phone/tablet - just ask the librarian (and it’s completely free!)
Goethe Bibliothek in your neighbourhood
Die Onleihe
Vocabulary
Memrise
German flashcards
Cerego
Language guide
Babbel
Vocabulix
Deutsch richtig
Wortschatz & Grammatik - yet another book, this one is for the basic A1 level, but in the sidebar you can see more advanced books
Listening
Deutsche Welle podcasts - again, an amazing resource, use it wisely!
A list of German radio stations you can listen to online
Youtube podcasts with very basic lessons
Some german youtubers
Michael Buchinger - an Austrian youtuber, personal favourite!
Heimatfilme - old German movies
Easy German
Useful apps
Duolingo
Memrise
HelloTalk - this one is a personal recommendation!
italki
Rosetta Stone
HiNative
Lang-8 - not really an app but a website, really useful tho!
Final tips
make your own little grammar notebook (you can see a glimpse of mine on the photo above) put grammar rules, examples and illustrate it however you like!
if you have the money/time, invest in private/group lessons (Goethe institute also offers these!) it’s a great investment since you can actually practice SPEAKING the language with living people and not just reading it
set a goal, and then stick to it
DAILY. PRACTICE. GUYS!!!
if you can’t afford lessons, use the apps mentioned above like hellotalk, italki and hinative
film yourself speaking
start a langbrl to motivate yourself
find a study buddy
watch movies and TV shows!!! these you can find on netflix, if not, you can always choose a subbed version of your favourite english speaking TV show on netflix
If you have any questions, feel free to ask me!
German Feminine Nouns
Words that refer to women and inanimate objects ending in -e, -in, and -ung tend to be feminine. Additionally nouns ending in -schaft, -ei, -tät, -heit, -keit and -ie are always feminine.
Sister: Die Schwester
Cup: Die Tasse
School: Die Schule
Female Teacher: Die Lehrerin
Girlfriend: Die Frundin
Test: Die Prüfung
Exercise: Die Übung
Attention: Die Achtung
Female Physician: Die Ärztin
Female Artist: Die Künstlerin
Female Singer: Die Sängerin
Female pupil: Die Schülerin
Message: Die Botschaft
Friendship: Die Freundschaft
Landscape: Die Landschaft
Bakery: Die Bäckerei
Confectioner: Die Konditorei
Butscher's Shop: Die Metzgerei
Quality: Die Qualität
University: Die Universität
Economy: Die Wirtschaft
Science: Die Wissenschaft
Loneliness: Die Einsamkeit
Health: Die Gesundheit
Poetry: Die Poesie
LERNEN
lernen = to learn
sich einprägen = to commit to memory
sich merken = to memorize
behalten = to keep
sich erinnern an = to remember
wissen = to know
können = to be able to
auswendig lernen = to learn by heart
German Neuter Nouns
Diminutives are always neuter. They end either in -chen or -lein. Words that end in -um or -ium are always neuter. Words that begin in the prefix Ge- tend to be neuter.
Girl: Das Mädchen
Date: Das Datum
Vegetables: Das Gemüse
Young Lady: Das Fräulein
Study: Das Studium
Grain: Das Getreide
Bread Roll: Das Brötchen
Prep School: Das Gymnasium
Ghost: Das Gespenst
Income: Das Einkommen
Singing: Das Singen
Food: Das Essen
Dancing: Das Tanzen
Writing: Das Schreiben
Aluminum: Das Aluminium
Brass: Das Messing
Gold: Das Gold
Iron: Das Eisen
Lead: Das Blei
Silver: Das Silber
Tin: Das Zinn
German Vocabulary List Family Members | Familienmitglieder
die Familie: family
das Familienmitglied: family member
der Vater: father
die Mutter: mother
der Stiefvater: stepfather
die Stiefmutter: stepmother
die Schwester: sister
die Stiefschwester: stepsister
die Halbschwester: half sister
der Bruder: brother
der Stiefbruder: stepbrother
der Halbbruder: half brother
die Tante: aunt
der Onkel: uncle
die Patentante: godmother
der Patenonkel: godfather
die Großmutter: grandmother
der Großvater: grandfather
der Cousin: cousin (m)
die Cousine: cousin (f)
die Nichte: niece
der Neffe: nephew
das Patenkind: godchild
in sentences with a conjugated modal verb and one infinitive, the infinitive can be omitted if its meaning can be assumed by the relationship between the subject(s) and object(s) sie will ein glas milch haben. > sie will ein glas milch. kann er deutsch sprechen? > kann er deutsch? wir wollen nach deutschland reisen. > wir wollen nach deutschland. ich will zu dir gehen. > ich will zu dir. das kind muss ins bett gehen. > das kind muss ins bett. das darf ich nicht machen. > das darf ich nicht.
the verb infinitive ending -en can become -’n gehen > geh’n sehen > seh’n wollen > woll’n lecken > leck’n
-e can be removed from the end of conjugated verbs habe > hab’ hätte > hätt’ trage > trag’ wäre > wär’
es can be reduced to -’s on the end of the preceding word du es > du’s ich es > ich’s los geht es > los geht’s was gibt es? > was gibt’s?
the ei- can be removed from the beginning of the indefinite article ein > ’n eine > ’ne einen > ’nen einem > ’nem einer > ’ner irgendeine > irgend’ne etc.
if du proceeds its conjugated verb, it can be reduced to -e on the end of the preceding verb bist du > biste hast du > haste kannst du > kannste warst du > warste
after prepositions, ein/den/einen becomes -’n, dem becomes -’m and das becomes -’s auf dem > auf’m durch das > durch’s für das > für’s für ein/den/einen > für’n hinter dem > hinter’m mit dem > mit’m (> mim) unter das > unter’s etc.
dar- becomes dr- and her- becomes r- darin > drin darauf > drauf heraus > raus herein > rein etc.
in questions with a second or third person singular conjugated verb, “denn” can be moved to directly proceed the verb, where it is reduced to -’n, causing the t sound to be reduced to a glottal stop when pronounced was ist das denn? > was is(t)’n das? wie heißt du denn? > wie heiß(t)’n du?
the above contractions/reductions are often used together das wäre es > das wär’s ich habe es > ich hab’s
some other words that can be reduced/contracted andere > andre besondere > besondre gerade > grade > grad irgendetwas > irgendwas/etwas > was irgendwelche > welche ist > is’ ist so > isso nicht > nich (north) or net/nit (south) nichts > nix mal > ma schonmal > schoma so ist es > so isses
corresponding relative pronouns instead of third person pronouns sie > die / ihr > der er > der / ihn > den / ihm > dem sie > die / ihnen > denen
instead of “ja” jap jepp jo joa ju jupp
instead of “nein” nee/ne nöö/nö
instead of “oder?” at the end of a sentence to make it a question ne? (north) gell? (south) nicht wahr? stimmt’s?
make sure you know how to use these words, they will help make you sound less sharp and robotic aber auch bloß doch eben eh einmal erst etwa gerade halt ja mal na naja nun nur ohnehin schon sowieso vielleicht wohl
fillers/expressions of surprise ach/achso - aha/i see/oh okay alter/digga/mann - dude/man/bro/mate ah/äh/eh/oh - ah/oh ahm/ähm/ehm/öhm - um/erm au/aua/autsch - ow/ouch bäh/igitt/pfui - ew/ugh/yuck boah - wow ey - hey/jeez hä? - huh? och - ach/ugh oha - wow (oh mein) gott - (oh my) god was zur hölle/was zum teufel - what the hell/what the fuck
abbreviations bb - bis bald bd - bis dann bissn/bissl - bisschen/bissel dad - denk an dich eig - eigentlich einf - einfach ev - eventuell gn8 - gute nacht hdf - halt die fresse hdl - hab dich lieb hdgdl - hab dich ganz doll lieb hdgdlfiuebaedwuwz - hab dich ganz doll lieb für immer und ewig bis ans ende der welt und wieder zurück ida - ich dich auch ild - ich liebe dich irgendwann - iwann irgendwo - iwo irgendwer - iwer etc. jz - jetzt ka - keine ahnung kb - kein bock kd - kein ding kp - kein plan/kein problem lg - liebe grüße lw - langweilig mfg - mit freundlichen grüßen mmn - meiner meinung nach vllt - vielleicht wg - was geht? wmds - was machst du so?
laughing haha - normal laugh hihi - giggle hehe - cute/evil/annoying laugh höhö/hühü - cute/annoying/sarcastic/satirical/stupid laugh
-en, -em and -el are pronounced as n m and l respectively
heißen > heißn diesem > diesm vogel > vogl
short i can sound like an unstressed ü or like it has been omitted altogether schwimmen > schwümmn sind > sünt ich habe es > chaps
the combinations ls and ns can sound like there is a t before the s als > alts ich will es > chwüllts eins > eints übrigens > übrignts
-en before d and t is pronounced as n duden > dudn schneiden > schneidn t is reduced to a glottal stop braten > bra’n retten > re’n in the case of words that end in -nden, d is sometimes reduced to a glottal stop finden > findn > fin’n
-en after g and k is pronounced as ng magen > magng flaggen > flaggng k is reduced to a glottal stop packen > pa’ng zocken > zo’ng in the case of words ending in -nken, n is pronounced as ng sinken > sing’ng
-en after b and p is pronounced as m krabben > krabbm mobben > mobbm p is reduced to a glottal stop waschlappen > waschla’m klappen > kla’m in the case of haben, b is sometimes omitted altogether haben > habm > ham
DEUTSCHVOKABELN
↪️ Emotionen
German car/driving vocabulary:
der Wagen/das Auto - car die Fahrt - drive, trip der Fahrer - driver die Autobahn - expressway die Panne - flat tire/breakdown das Benzin - gasoline die Bremse - brake das Bremslicht - brake light das Lenkrad - steering wheel das Verkehrsstau/der Stau - traffic jam die Windschutzscheibe - windshield der Sheibenwischer - windshield wiper der Blinker - turn signal die Gebühr - toll die Straße - street das Normalbenzin - normal gas der Parkplatz - parking lot das Fernlicht - high beam das Trampen - hitchhiking die Tankstelle - gas station das Gaspedal - gas pedal der Scheinwerfer - headlight die öffentliche Straße/Landstraße - highway die Geschwindigkeitsbeschränkung - speed limit die Verkehrsampel - traffic light die Einbahnstraße - one-way street unterwegs - on the way das Automatikgetriebe - automatic trasmission
*the verb fahren - there are two meanings to this verb. One says that you are travelling by vehicle, the other says that you are driving the vehicle. Ich fahre mit dem Bus - I am travelling by bus Ich fahre einen Bus - I am driving a bus
TIP: The German autobahn is famous for convenience. Although there are places without a speed limit, be advised that there are areas with heavily enforced speed limit . Also remember to keep to the right except when passing - a strict rule.
Talking about your hobbies in German
Was sind deine Hobbys? - What are your hobbies? Was machst du gerne in deiner Freizeit? - What do you enjoy doing in your free time? Was machst du gerne? - What do you enjoy doing? Was machst du am liebsten? - What do you like doing best? Wofür interessierst du dich? - What are you interested in?
Ich (verb) gerne. - I like (verb-ing)
Ich lerne gerne Sprachen. - I like learning languages.
Ich höre gerne Musik. - I like listening to music.
Ich lese gerne. - I like reading.
Ich schaue gerne Filme. - I like watching movies.
Ich schaue gerne fern. - I like watching TV.
Ich mache / treibe gerne Sport. - I like doing sports.
Ich gehe gerne feiern. / Ich gehe gerne auf Partys. - I like partying.
Ich verbringe gerne Zeit mit meinen Freunden. - I like spending time with my friends.
Ich reise gerne. - I like traveling.
Ich spiele gerne Gitarre. - I like playing the guitar.
Ich koche gerne. - I like cooking.
Ich spiele gerne Fußball. - I like playing soccer/football.
Ich tanze gerne. - I like dancing.
*If you want to say that you love doing something/like doing something a lot add “sehr” before “gerne”: Ich höre sehr gerne Musik. *You can omit the final -e of gerne and just say “gern”
Do you like …?
If want to ask a question, the conjugated verb moves to the beginning of the sentence:
Du gehst gerne ins Kino. -You like going to the cinema Gehst du gerne ins Kino? - Do you like going to the cinema? Du würdest gerne ins Kino gehen. - You would like to go to the cinema. Würdest du gerne ins Kino gehen? - Would you like to go to the cinema?
Liest du gerne? - Do you like reading?
Was für Bücher liest du gerne? - What kind of books do you like to read?
Hörst du gerne Musik? - Do you like listening to music?
Was für Musik magst du? / Was für Musik hörst du gerne? - What kind of music do you like?
Was für Filme magst du? / Was für Filme schaust du gerne? - What kind of movies do you like?
Ich interessiere mich für (noun) - I’m interested in …
Ich interessiere mich für Sprachen - I’m interested in languages
Ich interessiere mich für Sprachwissenschaft - I‘m interested in linguistics
Ich interessiere mich für Physik - I’m interested in physics
Ich interessiere mich für Mode - I’m interested in fashion
Ich interessiere mich für Kunst - I’m interested in art
Ich interessiere mich für Politik - I’m interested in politics
Ich interessiere mich für Sport - I’m interested in sports
Interessierst du dich für Geschichte? - Are you interested in history?
Ich interessiere mich nicht für Kunst - I’m not interested in art
Another sentences some of you might need: Ich verbringe viel Zeit vor dem Computer - I spend lots of time on my computer.
Vocabulary
das Hobby (Pl: die Hobbies) - hobby die Freizeit - free time, leisure time sich für etwas interessieren - to be interested in something mögen - to like hören - to listen, to hear schauen - to watch spielen - to play
der Sport / die Sportarten - sport / sports Fußball spielen - to play football/soccer Handball spielen - to play handball Basketball spielen - to play basketball joggen / joggen gehen - to jog ins Fitnessstudio gehen - to go to the gym
useful vocabulary when talking about your hobbies:
▶️music-related vocabulary ▶️places ▶️studying