Mark’s Criminal Justice Page

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How is AI used to Evaluate Police Officers Performance

AI evaluates police performance by analyzing body camera footage, reports, and data to spot behavioral patterns, flag concerns like excessive force, identify training needs, automate tasks, and provide data-driven insights for better resource allocation and accountability, helping supervisors recognize both commendations and areas needing improvement in real-time (Microsoft, 2026).  Key AI…

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AI and Combatting Human Trafficking 

AI helps law enforcement combat human trafficking by analyzing vast amounts of data to identify patterns, predict potential crimes, and locate victims (Microsoft, 2026). This includes monitoring social media and the dark web for suspicious activity, analyzing financial transactions for irregularities, and using facial recognition and computer vision to identify victims and traffickers in…

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How is AI Used in Police Budgeting

AI assists police departments with budgeting through data-driven recommendations for resource allocation, strategic planning, and budget optimization (Microsoft, 2026). It analyzes historical data on call volumes and staffing to predict needs, helping to allocate resources effectively, reduce overtime, and improve scheduling (Microsoft, 2026). Additionally, AI can help identify inefficiencies and…

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How is AI used with Community Policing Strategies

AI is used in community policing to enhance efficiency and communication through applications like automated report writing, real-time data analysis for resource allocation, and predictive policing models. AI tools help officers save time on administrative tasks, improve the speed of incident response, and allow for data-driven decisions on patrol strategies and resource deployment (Microsoft,…

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AI in Policing

AI is transforming policing, sometimes in dramatic ways (Microsoft, 2026). Face recognition, predictive policing, and location-tracking technologies, once the stuff of science fiction now is being adopted by law enforcement agencies large and small (Microsoft, 2026). Some of the ways police are using AI to investigate and deter crime, including (Microsoft, 2026): Identifying unknown individuals…

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How the Courts Use AI

Artificial intelligence (AI) has impacted case management making legal research quicker (Microsoft, 2026). AI-powered tools have significantly transformed the legal research process (Microsoft, 2026). AI can dramatically increase the speed at which legal research can be done, allowing lawyers to streamline the process of preparing for cases (Microsoft, 2026). AI can also assist in drafting legal…

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How AI Is Enhancing Corrections

There is an active and ongoing debate as to the role of artificial intelligence within corrections (Microsoft, 2026). Many local, city, and county jails are embracing the benefits of using artificial intelligence (AI) to make their facilities safer and more efficient (Microsoft, 2026). For example, security cameras strategically positioned throughout the facility can quickly analyze AI…

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Using AI in Parole and Probation

Using AI in Parole and Probation AI is used in parole and probation to help officers by predicting reoffending risk, automating administrative tasks, and identifying needs for rehabilitation programs (Microsoft, 2026). AI can analyze vast amounts of data to help identify individuals who are at high risk, allowing probation agents to better allocate their resources and focus on those who need the…

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How AI is Used to Help Manage Highway Traffic

AI is used in highway control operations for real-time traffic management, predictive analysis, and safety enhancements (Microsoft, 2026). It optimizes traffic signal timing dynamically, predicts congestion, detects incidents faster, and can improve the flow of emergency vehicles (Microsoft, 2026). AI also supports law enforcement with tasks like identifying seatbelt violations or distracted…

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Criminology: Cultural Transmission Theory  

Within criminology studies, Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay are the criminologists most closely associated with cultural transmission theory. Cultural transmission theory suggests that criminal behavior is learned through social interactions within a community, particularly from close social groups like peers and family, where norms and values that support criminal activity are passed down from…

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Criminology: Arousal Theory

Within the study of criminology, the “arousal theory” is most commonly associated with Hans J. Eysenck, who proposed a biosocial theory based on the concept of arousal levels and individual differences in how people react to stimuli, linking it to criminal behavior. The foundational ideas of arousal theory in psychology are often attributed to researchers like Donald B. Lindsley and Robert Yerkes…

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Criminology: Routine Activity Theory (RAT)

Routine activity theory (RAT) was developed by Lawrence E. Cohen and Marcus Felson in 1979 as a way to explain the increasing crime rates in the United States after WWII. This criminological theory differs from most theories because it focusses on the criminal event rather than the criminal or psychological causations that motivate criminal activity. Routine activity theory (RAT) has its…

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Criminology: Self-Control Theory

The criminology theory of self-control theory was developed by Travis Warner Hirschi and Michael Ryan Gottfredson in the late 1960s. The theory’s foundation is that the lack of individual self-control is the main factor behind criminal behavior and aims to explore why a person chooses to engage in criminal activity. Hirschi claimed the presence or lack of effectiveness of social controls on…

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Academic Writing Tips: Scholarly Tone

A scholarly tone is the voice of the academic writer, and it is intended to be directed at the academic audience. A scholarly tone is professional and speaks directly to the profession and discipline using familiar terminology that is direct, objective, and formal. A scholarly tone in your academic writing adds credibility to your argument or position and is persuasive.   A scholarly tone avoids…

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How to Write an APA Style Abstract for your Term Paper

The purpose of the abstract is to clearly communicate a concise summary of your term paper. The abstract serves two main purposes: To help readers determine the relevance of your paper within their research interest, and to communicate the key findings within your paper, and your conclusion. Even though the Abstract is the first section of the paper after the cover/title page, it is a good idea…

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Student Retention

There are many reasons a student withdraws from class and even drops out of school. As a classroom instructor it is very disappointing when one of your learning partners withdraws from class. Building respectful scholarly relations is one way to help the student through a tough decision when they are struggling academically, financially, or have a personal crisis. Helping to remove roadblocks and…

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How AI Benefits Policing

Definitions AI (artificial intelligence): the field of computer science dedicated to solving cognitive problems commonly associated with human intelligence. An example of AI in policing is the algorithmic process that supports facial recognition technology. ADS (automated decision systems): computer systems that either inform or decide on a course of action to pursue about an individual or…

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