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CHAPTER 13 - MYTHS

With the myth “development process is a communication process” only means that when it comes to development, communication is a must. I did agree with this myth because the fact that we needed to have communication with all the people around us is something that will help us to answer different questions and be able to identify things about our own development. There is also a quote that “No Man is an Island” because we all need people who we can communicate with for the development of any things that we do like getting information or opinions on the things that will turn out. Also, because we all have different way in communication, we are being able to do what we needed to do because there are instructions or even people that will give guidance on how things will possibly work. The best example of this myth is of what happened in the Philippines’ 2022 elections, communication process is certainly a development process (vice – verse) because the candidates did communicate with the people for them to be elected.

If we will practice the communication process which, is we needed to listen and speak for us to learn, get idea and present our opinions, it is really effective for the development process to engage with the goals.

CHAPTER 12 - POLICY SCIENCES

The tobacco product is something that is bad for the health and for the younger people so that the media like radio and televisions has been banned this in their commercials. What the media is trying to imply is that these products are not appropriate to all audiences and there are many policies that occurs since the development of the media and internet has been expanding ever since. In this sense, this paper will talk about the different policies that discusses why tobacco/cigarette products is banned as a commercial and/or advertisement in any media platform.

Policy Sciences has been described or refers to the scientific policies and policymaking in terms of the social sciences field and it is connected to as “grew out of this need to reorient actively the social sciences to the resolution of policy issues (Ocampo, 1978)”. In the connection with this to the development communication, the act of establishing advertisements or commercials like promoting the tobacco products can be seen as a bad influence for the young people who are watching and being involved with media now. There is this theory about policy sciences “that one should not leave the problem of crossing a river until the river is reached; rather, one should survey the territory in advance, identify rivers flowing through it, it decides whether it is all necessary to cross the river (Dror, 1971). It only means that whatever the people would see or here in the different media platforms will cause curiosity like in the cigarette products because the media is promoting it. In the present technological advancement, most of the people have different access in the social media do it really influence the people to consume the product so that the policy sciences in the communication media so that banning the cigarette products will help lessen the use of this product/s.

CHAPTER 11 - DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION PRACTICES

As a communication student and future communication practitioner, the development communication and the policy sciences are what I wanted to focused on because there are policies that should be clarified in the communication processes like the rights, responsibilities and even the boundaries of the communication development. What a communication practitioner like me in the future should do is that how the different policies should be applied on the specific scenarios because most of the time there are misunderstanding between people that should be really addressed like the gossips that destroys some people’s image or even the rights on giving opinions and facts. I will give an example; this election is one of the active topics towards the people who are using social medias in the internet that some people will not listen to what the different oppositions are saying because there are a lot of articles or even history books that are saying different things so there is a gap between the voters. This will also lead me to the next interest of mine which is the Communication Technology Assessment which I think I should also focus because we are now in the technological era and social media are everywhere. My job after I study is a communication media practitioner so I should give factual information to the public because as I’ve seen in the present times is that most people are not believing on the news or even in the media stations because there are so many news articles that are really different when it comes in delivering news or articles because they also have different sides of story.

CHAPTER 10 - FOUNDATIONS

1. In the field of economics, development communication plays its part as the theorists like Fritz Machlup declared that predominant world economies have become information-based where in the influence of communication takes place in the economic development that provides an additional rationale in making laws. Also, the mere fact that in as a developed world, communication is the key for doing something successful.

2. In terms of the transpersonal psychology, communication also takes part on studying different kinds of attitude that answers why people have specific kind of behavior. Giving psychological services also needed communication between people that having the main goal of the human beings.

3. Quantum physics on the other hand needed the communication as the key to know scientific explanations as no one can’t discover something if they will not ask people or professionals that can help to answer specific questions. In this sense, communication is really important in discovering and developing things that can help the human development.

4. Biological contribution will be needing communication in order to know the different human or nature evolution because there is a continuous development in terms different species here in the world. Communication will help in knowing how and why the different phenomena are happening that can contribute the development of human beings and other phenomena.

5. Cybernetics is something that in the present times are continuous to be developed. In order to have new technological developments like the internet or any other technologies, people who wanted to develop will do some researches that includes communication. Asking or knowing from other people who developed technological things also needed to ask and ask or do some researches.

Development Communication: Definitions

As for my own understanding about development communication, it is a tool or medium that is mainly used in the integration of successful development projects through a better communication. Development communication is all about the things to consider in communicating towards the development. In the definition of Nora C. Quebral of the development communication, “Development communication is communication for planned change” where in because there is a consistent change that is happening around us and communication is a must in this development or change. What this definition is trying to impose is that in everyday life of a person or group of people there is change and the fact that this change of development requires communication as part of the process and in the usage of medium.

Activity 8 - Related Concepts

1. Policy Function - can be represented as indicating mapping from states to actions. So, basically, a policy function says what action to perform in each state. The main goal is in finding the optimal policy which specifies the correct action to perform in each state, which maximize the reward.

Reference: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/hands-on-reinforcement-learning/9781788836524/f55c6379-666a-43fa-a2bc-0b781dac4761.xhtml#:~:text=The%20policy%20function%20can%20be,state%2C%20which%20maximizes%20the%20reward.

2. Cultural Linkage – Mass media are able to join different elements of society that are not directly connected and when geographically separated groups share a common interest and are linked by the media.

Reference: https://www.slideshare.net/valeriebello/chapter-2-perspectives-on-mass-communication

3. Four Campaign Areas: Agriculture, Health, Literacy Learning and Formal Education.

What is the main goal of the mass media in the great campaigns?

4. The Nature and Tasks of Communication Research: The importance of communication research in different areas of development

5. Where Development Starts: Identifying the start of development and the process itself.

Activity 7 - Communication Barriers

- Engine Noises

- People screaming to one another

- Dogs Barking

- On – Going Construction/s

- Kids playing and screaming

This list is the common noises that I hear inside my community as I walked through our barangay and I must say that this is common noises that we can’t stop but it affects a good communication between two people. These communication barriers are very common when it comes to the community we are living in and it has that kind of habit or same scenario everyday as for example, I am working from home as a trainee in a recruitment agency and my main job as recruitment specialist is that I need to call applicants for a specific job position to work outside the country. Most of the time because there are a lot of noise that is being heard, I cannot understand what the applicant says so we both asked and answer the same question over and over again until I get all of the needed information. Or sometimes because I’m also studying and I needed to attend my online classes, the noise of my dogs barking over the people outside the gates or different arguments between our family, it affects my focus on listening and even I want to answer or recite, I can’t because of so much noise. These barriers that I listed down are some of the barriers in communication between two or more people and it happens all the time.

Activity 6 - Communication Media

Activity 6 – Communication Media

Activity 6.1

Comments: It’s easy to know the differences of the interpersonal media and mass media when it comes to the flow of the communication, how people give and responds to the information that has been shared from one person to another though because in mass media, there are a lot of people that is being involved about the topic because they have their own opinion or much more information to share about a certain topic.

Activity 6.2

The medium that is commonly known when it comes to the communication inside of mostly in the Philippine household is the interpersonal or the two – way communication because there is usually a serious conversation between the members of the family and if it is a group conversation, then it is a direct communication between the family members. The least medium that is used in the Filipino household is the one way communication or using the social media because inside the family household, there is a physical communication and there’s no need for them to use the social media in starting conversation unless they wanted to start a conversation through social media because the other members of the family should not hear what is the conversation is about or simply because the face-to-face communication is the traditional way of communication inside an household.

Now that we are in the modern generation where in technology is continuously arising, I think for a certain age gap like younger generation is more exposed to the use of social media when it comes of having communication between their friends and for the older ones who did not grow with the use of social media as a medium of communication, they tend to be more on interpersonal communication and most of them are not into the use of technology and vice – versa. Now that most of the people in the Philippines alone are using gadgets and social media, they depend now in the online articles or information that is being shared through the online world and that is a fact although more fake news is being spread in the social media.

Activity 6.3

Job displacements – Because of the technology, it is easy to find a job in the internet rather than spending most of the time lining up for the job offers by the different companies as there is sites that offers jobs easily and people will just fill out their information and wait for the call and more applications can be submitted in one sitting.

More, generally better jobs generated – Now, online jobs are more famous because some of the works are done through technology like call centers or even work from home jobs that is easy and much higher salary.

Communication as a Process

The Communication Process

Activity 5.1 –

In the given examples, it is seen that there is communication to all of these phrases where in it shows exchanging messages even if it is a sign language or a simple conversation. Next is that it has information inside the different phrases although some does not really have a proper conversation because it has a process of having the people understand what a phrase or sentence information gives. Lastly, as communication is a process where in with all the signs and simple phrases, we managed to understand every example based on what information it gives.

Activity 5.2

Communication is a process where in there is an exchange of information or ideas between two or more people that depends on what the topic is. There is the sender – message – receiver – feedback that is happening throughout the process of communication. In this sense, as my own definition to the definition of Black and Bryant (1992’), it has almost the same definition but a bit broader because as they defined communication as a process, it is a process where in individuals shares meaning and it can be used usually with the verbal and non-verbal communication.

Activity 5.3

We should discuss communication as a process because first, we need to identify what kind of communication process occur between two or more people like it is different when giving out information directly or in the sense that it is a group conversation because sometimes the message involves some of the people inside a communication process and some people tends to misunderstood the message for them. Next is that there are communication process that is linear or two – way where in there are messages or information that is not direct or even have two meanings that people needs to much understand the message properly.

Activity 3 – Development

Activity 3.1 – The Hatching Process

The eggshell was broken because of two reason/s. First, the development of the chick inside has already finish that leads for the chick to open/break its own eggshell or there are some forces that causes the eggshell to open like it was dropped or crack by a solid object. In the life of the chick inside the eggshell, there are specific time for the chick to develop inside the eggshell and it will break open when the time for the chick to come out. If somebody tries to break the eggshell, the underdeveloped chick inside will not be able to complete its development until such time that it will live as chick. Like this chick inside the eggshell, it is the same when a communication stops from its development that leads to an underdeveloped communication between two or more persons or it will be like an interrupted communication will lead to misunderstanding/s. The evolution of science helps the egg hatching process that there is some kind of liquid that is injected to the egg in order to develop a chick even though the eggshell is broken and the chicken is absent.

Activity 3.2 – The Moth and Development

Pepito’s action when he opens the pupa using the scissors results bad to the moth because it dies when Mang Tomas advised him not to do anything to it. Like the society we are now living in, there is a continuously development in the communication that people are trying to build because like the moth that it needed time to develop, the society also needed the time to process the development and if there is a sudden change like there are new rule that people are unaware of, it will cause a lot of confusion and the development will stop. Most of the time, the sudden change leads to different path of development like the development worker who tries to help the farmer is good because there are some helps that is needed by the farmer but in the long run, there will be bad encounters by the both of them that leads to misunderstanding/s. The purpose of struggle to the development of any system is to provide learnings not only to the leader but also to the members of any society or system because like the moth, there is a process of development that cannot be forced by anything under the sun for its faster development. The main principle of development that we can get to this is not forcing the development of any system because there are different processes for it to become fully develop. Mang Tomas has partly responsibility to the action that was done by Pepito because he did not clarified to the kid that if the moth is forcedly open by anything, something bad will happen.

Unplanned and unintended pregnancies in 2021 may also increase, as a surge of 751,000 new pregnancies is expected, for a total of 2.56 million unintended pregnancies due to the family planning service reductions during the community quarantine.

Mendoza, R. (2020, December 31). Slower Population Growth seen in 2021. https://www.manilatimes.net/2020/12/31/news/top-stories/slower-population-growth-seen-in-2021/820437

Unemployment slightly increased in September 2021 as the country’s economic centers remained under stringent quarantines and as weather disturbances affected agriculture, but employment prospects remain promising as the country shifts to granular lockdowns, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) said.

As reported by the Philippine Statistics Authority today, unemployment increased from 8.1 percent in August to 8.9 percent in September 2021.

NEDA. (2021, November 4). PH UNEMPLOYMENT SLIGHTLY INCREASES, GRANULAR LOCKDOWNS TO HELP BRING BACK MORE EMPLOYMENT – NEDA. https://neda.gov.ph/ph-unemployment-slightly-increases-granular-lockdowns-to-help-bring-back-more-employment-neda/

Unfortunately, poverty is expected to increase in the Philippines because of the coronavirus crisis. This will lead to a decrease in consumption growth and further income losses. Therefore, greater efforts are necessary to combat poverty in the Philippines amid the pandemic, which has hit the impoverished the hardest.

– Zoë Nichols

The Borgen Project. (2020, September 25). Combating Poverty in the Philippines. https://borgenproject.org/tag/poverty-in-the-philippines/

These are the linear graphs of records of the societal problems (Unemployment Rate, Low Food Production, Illiteracy and Spiraling National Debt) that the Philippines has been facing in the past 10 years (2010-2020).

References:

: https://countryeconomy.com/national-debt/philippines?fbclid=IwAR3If0oOA7wZG2hKZFH2jWprpiMzW5uTFgHwuF9ZNUhC-GSe5SDH6l0x-WA

: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2011/12/23/department-of-agriculture-2011-year-end-report/

https://knoema.com/atlas/Philippines/topics/Education/Literacy/Adult-literacy-rate

https://www.bworldonline.com/jobless-rate-likely-to-remain-high-until-2022/?fbclid=IwAR00mjSVlaIBNg2gHZHJod44mwwRnD984AtShFp-DhcCvnTOlvdWenMlhlc

#SocietalProblems

Inequality

As I’ve read the two articles about inequality that was presented by the UN, both are discussing the type of inequality that the Philippines are experiencing for the past years that only got worse as the pandemic enters the life of every Filipino people. But as I checked what really is the problem that the Philippines are facing right now is the article entitled “The Goal 10: Reduced Inequality Within and Among Countries” because a lot of Filipino people experienced the kind of inequality when it comes to the health problems especially when the pandemic crashed the life of every Filipinos. One thing that I always remember when it comes to inequality about health is that if you have money to save your life, then, good for you but when a poor human being cannot even eat trice a day so they also cannot be saved from their illness. That’s the sad reality of being a poor Filipino because here in our country, we are not even receiving a good help from the hospitals because they’re mostly private sector or they will accept if you have money. Also, when it comes to job opportunities as most of the people who lost their jobs can’t find another because there are certain qualifications that is needed in the type of job they are entering although they’re already graduated from their course but doesn’t have any experience or they have experience for that specific job but they aren’t get a degree so they can’t be accepted and also because companies or businesses are closing and can’t offer anymore jobs. Just like me, I also experience inequality when I was applying for different job opportunities because I don’t have a degree yet and I don’t have experience on the specific job. This is the reality that most of the Filipinos are facing right now and most of the opportunities are only for rich people and sometimes who had different connections in the government or the private sectors. This is how the economy in the Philippines are working and you can’t do anything about it.

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