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Meet one of the world’s smallest reptiles: the Nosy Hara leaf chameleon (Brookesia micra)! It's named after the islet off the northwest coast of Madagascar in which it's found. An adult grows to be just over 1 in (2.5 cm) long, and a juvenile can fit on the head of a match. Scientists think that its miniature size may be an extreme form of island dwarfism—a process by which species decrease in size over generations in response to an island’s limited resources. This species was described as recently as 2012.

Photo: Frank Glaw, Jörn Köhler, Ted M. Townsend, Miguel Vences. PLoS ONE, CC BY 2.5, Wikimedia Commons