Medical Journal

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[medicaljournal]

Above is a mosaic of conjunctivitis or pink eye. It is an irritation or inflammation of the conjunctiva, which covers the white part of the eyeball. It can be caused by allergies or a bacterial or viral infection. Conjunctivitis can be extremely contagious, and is spread by contact with eye secretions from someone who is infected. Symptoms include redness, itching, and tearing of the eyes. It can also lead to discharge or crusting around the eyes. It's important to stop wearing contact lenses while affected by conjunctivitis. It often resolves on its own, but treatment can speed the recovery process. Allergic conjunctivitis can be treated with antihistamines. Bacterial conjunctivitis can be treated with antibiotic eye drops. Even though this condition can resolve itself, Treatments can enhance the process. Also people who wear contacts shouldn't be wearing it while they have conjunctivitis.

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Hordeolum is the next eye disease that I am going discuss. Hordeolum or styes is similar to Chalazion, it is the internal inflammation,bump, swelling, and edema seen inside the eye lids that causes blurred vision. It is infectious usually caused by lesions, cuts, virus infection etc… In this case, hot compresses is of no use. The lump needs to be removed through an incision. And also patients needs to take systemic antibiotics such as dicloxacillin, erthromycin orally.

[medicaljournal]

This is Chalazion. Any lump seen on the eyelids above or below eyelashes are usually Chalazion. It is caused by the inflammation of an oil-making gland (meibomian) gets blocked and swells into a bump. It is noninfectious and some times causes blurred vision due to swelling. It can be treated by hot compresses 10-30 minutes a day, or surgically removing the lump by incision. Usually it will take 2 to 8 weeks to fully drain out the lump through eye lids. Small doses of triamcinolone (a drug/steroid used for inflammation) can be applied as a cream or taken in as tablet.

[medicaljournal]

Cataract It is the clouding of the natural internal lens of the eye, which can cause blurred vision. It's a common disease found in 40+ males and females. It would be hard for people who have cataracts to see the face expressions of other people. The vision will be blurred and cloudy. At first, eye glasses would be enough to correct it, but as time progresses the vision gets cloudier and would require a surgery to correct it.

[medicaljournal]

Blepharitis usually involves Inflammation of the eyelids near the eyelashes. Blepharitis is a common cause of itching or a feeling of grit in the eyes. This symptom can be due to many illnesses. It can also affect tear production and can cause irritations near in eyes.

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Another common eye disease is Black eye. It is the Swelling and discoloration or bruise around the eye as a result of injury to the face.

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The next thing we are going to discuss is Astigmatism

It is a defect that causes an inability to properly focus light onto the retina. Astigmatism causes blurry vision that can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or, in some cases, surgery.

Reference: William Fishkind MD

[medicaljournal]

This above patient is a case of Amblyopia (lazy eye). As you see the One eye sees better than the other as a result of not using the other eye during childhood. The weaker eye may or may not “wander.” The weaker eye is called the "lazy eye."

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This is how Age-related macular degeneration will looks like. It's basically loss of central vision.

[medicaljournal]

More on eye anatomy and diagnosis (1/2)

Eye color is created by the amount and type of pigment in the iris. Multiple genes inherited from each parent determine a person’s eye color.

[medicaljournal]

The eye is a slightly asymmetrical globe, about an inch in diameter. The front part of the eye (the part you see in the mirror) includes the following structures • The iris (the pigmented part) • The cornea (a clear dome over the iris) • The pupil (the black circular opening in the iris that lets light in) • The sclera (the white part) • The conjunctiva (a thin layer of tissue covering the front of the eye, except the cornea) Just behind the iris and pupil lies the lens, which helps us to focus light on the back of the eye. Most of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the vitreous. Light projects through the pupil and the lens to the back of the eye. The inside lining of the eye is covered by special light-sensing cells that are collectively called the retina. The retina converts light into electrical impulses. Behind the eye, the optic nerve carries these impulses to the brain. The macula is a small extra-sensitive area within the retina that gives central vision. It is located in the center of the retina and contains the fovea, a small depression or pit at the center of the macula that gives the clearest vision.