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Learn common inverter harmonic interference phenomena and solutions

AC drive harmonic control reactive power compensation

The harmonic interference phenomenon of the inverter includes: after the inverter starts or runs, the motor overheats, whistles (including increased noise, etc.), and vibrates/vibrates. The motor often breaks down, it is found that the stator insulation of the motor is breakdown after disassembling the motor. The connecting wire between the motor and the inverter will overheat, burst, and even catch fire. The instrumentation, sensors, communications, etc. around the motor will have problems such as work disorder. The above-described phenomena are likely to be caused by the harmonics generated in the inverter inversion process, which must be paid great attention by everyone.

Variable speed drive harmonic interference phenomenon

When you encounter the following problems, if there is no problem with the inspection equipment itself, you should consider it from the perspective of the harmonic interference of the inverter:

1. Motor overheating

The harmonics generated during the inverter inversion process can cause the motor to overheat. If you use a thermometer to test the motor's casing, or accidentally touch the motor's casing, you will find this kind of The problem.

2. Motor vibration/vibration

3. Motor whistle/noise increase

Another possibility of the influence of the inverter harmonics on the motor is to cause the motor to emit a harsh whistling sound, or the noise of the motor increases significantly. There is no doubt that this may also be caused by the inverter harmonics, at least the one of the possible factors.

4. Motor insulation is frequently damaged

Some customers who use frequency converters find that the motor is not durable, and it will break once in a few days, weeks or months. After replacing the motors of many manufacturers, the problem remains (all the stator insulation of the motor is broken down, showing a point-like shape). Breakdown), can not find the reason, in fact, it is very likely that you have ignored the harmonic interference of the inverter.

5. Motor bearings are frequently damaged

When the motor is disassembled, it is found that there are pitting, cracking and other problems on the bearing of the motor. After replacing the bearing, there is no effect. After a period of time, the bearing of the motor is broken again. In this case, you should consider that this is very likely to be The inverter harmonics are doing the trick.

6. Cable

When you use a thermometer or accidentally touch the connecting cable between the inverter and the motor, you will find that the temperature of the cable is obviously abnormal or high, or you can see the connecting cable between the inverter and the motor The cable has problems such as burst skin/burst. In addition to the quality problem of the cable itself and the age of the cable, there is also a possibility that the high-frequency harmonics generated during the inverter inverter process may be the culprit. .

7. Instrumentation, sensors, communication

The harmonics generated during the inverter inversion process may also propagate through space, which is the so-called radiated harmonics, which will cause abnormalities in instruments, sensors, communications, etc.: the values displayed by the instruments are inaccurate, or violent The value transmitted by the sensor is inaccurate, or there is no way to transmit data at all; the communication is intermittent, or the communication cannot be carried out normally at all, all of the above may also be caused by the harmonics of the inverter. .

AC drive harmonic interference cause analysis

In the operation process of the inverter, there is an indispensable link, that is, it is necessary to convert the DC power into the AC power we need. This link is the inverter. In the inverter's inverter process, it is the process of first chopping and then recovering. It is in this chopping process that conducted harmonics and radio frequency harmonics will be generated. This chopping is similar to our chopping vegetables, but chopping is much finer than our chopping. Typically, the inverter circuit will cut a complete waveform into thousands of segments, depending on the carrier frequency of the inverter, or switching frequency. If you have seen the inverter voltage waveform at the output of the inverter, you will find that this waveform is not only not a sine wave, but also has a lot of "burrs" on it. In fact, this is the root cause of the harmonic interference of the inverter. where.

AC frequency inverter harmonic interference solutions

When encountering the harmonic interference problem of the inverter, first determine whether it is caused by the harmonics of the inverter rectification, or the harmonics of the inverter, or the result of both. Then take corresponding countermeasures, so that you can get twice the result with half the effort, so that the harmonics of the inverter have nowhere to hide.

The solutions to the harmonic interference of the inverter are as follows:

1. Ground

Good grounding is the basis for the safe, stable, reliable and efficient operation of the frequency conversion system. Therefore, grounding is a very important part.

2. Cable

If your cable length is less than or equal to 50 meters, you can consider replacing the ordinary cable with a cable with a shielding layer, and grounding the shielding layer reliably through cable clips or U-clamps, which is also a solution. A method of frequency converter harmonic interference.

3. Devices

In addition to the above methods, the harmonics generated by the inverter can also be suppressed by installing a special harmonic suppression device for the inverter, which can also achieve the expected effect, or achieve a relatively good effect. The most widely used are the special output filter of MLAD-V-SC frequency converter, the special output reactor of MLAD-VR-SC frequency converter, MLAD-DW series Du/Dt filter, MLAD-SW sine wave filter and so on.

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N-acetylneuraminic acid guide to efficacy and application

What is N-acetylneuraminic acid?

N-acetylneuraminic acid, also known as sialic acid (SA), bird's nest acid, is a naturally occurring amino sugar, which was originally isolated from bovine submandibular adenomucin, hence the name sialic acid. Sialic acid is a nine-carbon monosaccharide derivative containing an amino group, and is a general term for all N- or O-derivatives of neuraminic acid or keto-deoxynonyluronic acid (KDN). Sialic acid usually exists in the form of oligosaccharides, glycolipids or glycoproteins, mainly in the form of short-chain residues at the ends of glycoproteins and glycolipids.

Acetylneuraminic acid main source

N-acetylneuraminic acid efficacy

1. Improve infant memory and intelligence

Sialic acid is an important component of gangliosides in the brain. The content of sialic acid in nerve cell membranes is 20 times that of other cells. Because the transmission of brain information and the conduction of nerve impulses must be achieved through synapses, sialic acid acts on the brain. Brain nutrients for cell membranes and synapses, so sialic acid promotes the development of memory and intelligence. In recent years, further systematic research on sialic acid by scientists has found that the content of sialic acid in human brain cells is 2-4 times that of other animal brain cells, so the intelligence of the human brain is much higher than that of all other animals.

2. Anti-senile dementia

Sialic acid has protective and stabilizing effects on nerve cells. Some neurological diseases, such as early senile dementia and schizophrenia, will reduce the content of sialic acid in the blood or brain of patients. After recovery from drug treatment, the content will return to normal, because sialic acid is involved in neural activity. Gangliosides synthesized from sialic acid have a certain curative effect on the treatment of cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's disease and neurotrauma. Monosialogangliosidase is also effective in the treatment of cerebral ischemia, Parkinson's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and neurotrauma. Recently, researchers have tried to synthesize some sialic acid derivatives for the treatment of certain neurological diseases.

3. Anti-recognition, improve intestinal absorption of vitamins and minerals

Between molecules and cells, between cells and cells, and between cells and the outside world, sialic acids at the ends of sugar chains can either serve as recognition sites or mask recognition sites. Sialic acid has an extremely strong negative charge, which makes red blood cells and other cells repel each other, avoiding meaningless cell interactions in the blood circulation. Therefore, sialic acid can improve the intestinal absorption of minerals and vitamins, and supplementation of sialic acid can enhance the body's absorption of nutrients.

4. Antibacterial detoxification, antiviral

Due to the special structure of the 9-carbon amino sugar of the sialic acid molecule, there is no enzyme that degrades the substance in the digestive tract system. Therefore, the polypeptide conjugate formed by it will not be degraded by the enzymes in the digestive tract when it passes through the digestive system, and then enter the intestine. In the intestinal tract, specific sialic acid polypeptide conjugates can form competitive binding with pathogenic bacteria, toxins and virus particles entering the intestinal tract, thereby preventing intestinal toxins, pathogenic bacteria and virus particles from binding to intestinal mucosal cells. .

5. Inhibit leukocyte adhesion and reduce inflammation

When tissue is inflamed or lost, white blood cells gather around the inflamed tissue to play an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect. In the 1990s, American scientists discovered that the aggregation of leukocytes was related to the process of cell adhesion, and the process of cell adhesion was related to the E-Selection of vascular endothelial cells, a sialic acid-containing tetrasaccharide box on the surface of leukocytes. Therefore, the synthesis of some sialic acid derivatives with simpler structures and more effective than tetrasaccharides as adhesion drugs to treat inflammation will become a research hotspot.

6. Improve human immunity

Sialic acid will not be degraded by enzymes in the digestive tract, and the glycoprotein it forms can block the attachment of pathogens (viruses, bacteria and bacterial toxins) to epithelial cells, improve cell discrimination, detoxify cholera toxins, and prevent pathological colons. Bacterial infection, regulating the half-life of blood proteins, thereby effectively improving the immune function of the human body. At the same time, sialic acid can improve the intestinal absorption of vitamins and minerals, and improve the immunity of infants and mothers.

Sialic acid application fileds

1. Infant formula

In 2016, the U.S. FDA approved sialic acid for use in infant milk powder and general food for GRAS certification. Many well-known global infant formula manufacturers claim to add sialic acid (N-acetylneuraminic acid) to their formula. In 2003, the Ministry of Health of Malaysia approved the use of sialic acid in the permitted nutrition label. Mead Johnson, Karotani, Meso and Snowmark are marked with sialic acid content on various products of infant formula sold in the Southeast Asian market. But the sialic acid content in most infant formulas is currently derived from whey powder rather than pure sialic acid. It can be expected that when the production cost of sialic acid is reduced to a certain level, sialic acid will gradually replace the whey powder.

2. Food additives and nutritional supplements

Sialic acid sweets are very popular in Japan. Because it is extracted from bird's nest, the price is so high that the candy cannot be priced as a normal lollipop. Sialic acid is used as a nutritional supplement in candy, another important application of sialic acid: anti-influenza virus. Gum with sialic acid can be a good idea to deal with flu season viruses.

3. Cosmetics

Ointments and sprays containing sialic acid have been developed in Japan to maintain healthy hair growth. Due to the antioxidant effects possessed by sialic acid, which has been found in recent studies, it can be reasonably added to cosmetic products such as facial lotions and masks.

4. Pharmaceutical field

In addition to playing an important role in the treatment of nervous system diseases, sialic acid and its derivatives also play an important role in inhibiting sialidase and anti-influenza virus and anti-rotavirus. The main anti-influenza drugs on the market now, such as zanamivir (Elewei), peramivir, oseltamivir (Tamiflu), and the new drug laninamivir, which was launched in Japan in 2010, all belong to neuraminic acid Enzyme inhibitors, which can effectively inhibit the spread of the virus in the body, have therapeutic effects on the new type of influenza.

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Heat Insulation Strips knowledge

Common models and dimensional tolerances of Heat Insulation Strips

(1) The common models of  Heat Insulation Strips are: type I, type C, and type T.

Other models such as Y-type and YF type are made according to customer requirements.

Note: type I, C and t Heat Insulation Stripss can be based on the section of the Heat Insulation Strips

Shape recognition.

(2) The width of the Heat Insulation Strips depends on the customer's needs, and common ones are

14.8mm、16mm、18.6mm、20.0mm、22.0mm、

24.0mm, 28.0mm, etc

If the width is < =20mm, the allowable tolerance is ± 0.05mm; if the width is >20mm, the allowable tolerance is ± 0.1mm

(3) Thickness of Heat Insulation Strips > =1.8mm

If the width of the Heat Insulation Strips is > =20mm, the thickness of the Heat Insulation Strips is > =2mm, and the allowable tolerance is ± 0.05mm

(4) The angle of the Heat Insulation Strips is 4.2mm, and the allowable tolerance is ± 0.05mm. IV. characteristics and storage precautions of the Heat Insulation Strips

It is best to store the Heat Insulation Strips in a dry and ventilated environment at room temperature, because the characteristics of polyamide are that it will become soft and its size will become larger in a high temperature or humid environment, so that the Heat Insulation Strips cannot pass through the profile cavity; In low temperature environment, the Heat Insulation Strips will become brittle and smaller, and it is easy to crack when threading, which leads to

The profile is scrapped. In addition, the storage time of the thermal Heat Insulation Strips should not exceed one year. If the storage time is too long, the thermal Heat Insulation Strips will slowly absorb the moisture in the air, and the thermal Heat Insulation Strips will degrade and become very brittle, resulting in the non use of the thermal Heat Insulation Strips

Packaging of Heat Insulation Strips

There are two kinds of Heat Insulation Strips packaging, one is straight strip packaging, the other is roll strip packaging.

Straight strip packaging: 

(1) 100 pieces / bag

(2) 50 pieces / bag

(3) Each 6.02M

Roll packing: it depends on the model, specification and delivery quantity

Heat Heat Insulation Strips product label

1. Name, address and contact information of the manufacturer

2. Trademark

3. Product name

4. Quantity, length and specification of each piece

5. Production date, inspection batch number and inspector code

Heat insulating strip laser coding

Marks shall be printed on the side of the Heat Insulation Strips. The mark shall appear at least once every 500mm. Mark: Specification and model, national standard number and manufacturer.

Quotation of Heat Insulation Strips

The thermal Heat Insulation Strips are quoted by meter, and the ton price is taken as the calculation basis and assessment basis. Due to different shapes and weights per meter, the difficulty of production is also different.

I-shaped strips are converted according to the ton price and the weight of different grams. The pricing method of special-shaped Heat Insulation Stripss (C, t, y, etc.) is: ton price * difficulty coefficient = ton price of special-shaped strips   (special shaped bar ton price /1000000) × MEG weight = price per meter of special-shaped strips (the difficulty coefficient of C and t types is tentatively set at 1.05, and other special-shaped strips are to be determined)

For example, if a special-shaped strip weighs 120g in grams and the difficulty coefficient is 1.2, and the ton price of the I-shaped strip is 50000 yuan / ton, the ton price of the special-shaped strip is 50000*1.2=60000 yuan / ton, which is converted into the price per meter   (60000/1000000) × 120 = 7.2 yuan / meter

Heat Insulation Strips mold

In addition to the existing mold specifications and models on the company's mold list, if there is a new mold, the mold drawing must be sent back to the company first, and the order can be received only after the company's technology department determines that the mold can be opened. The review cycle of the mold drawing is 1-2 months, and the mold opening cycle depends on the difficulty. The cost of new mold opening varies according to the degree of difficulty, and the mold opening cost is $8000-12000. If there is a special mold (it is very difficult to open the mold), the mold opening fee will be negotiated separately.

Insulated strip container

1 container volume

Internal volume of 20 foot container: 5.69 m * 2.13 m * 2.18 m, maximum cargo weight 17.5 tons

Internal volume of 40 foot container: 11.8 m * 2.13 m * 2.18 M. the upper limit cargo weight is 22 tons

2 packing scheme

20 foot container:

(1) The length is 5.69m, and the straight bar cannot be installed

(2) Take c-28.0 as an example:

500 meters per roll

Weight per meter gram: 90.4g

Outer diameter 1m

Thickness 0.15m

There are 2 rolls in each row, 5 rows, and 14 high rolls in each row, totaling 140 rolls.

Installable weight =140 × five hundred × 0.0000904 tons =6.328 tons

40 foot container

(1) Straight strips can be installed at the front of the container for 6.1 meters, and coiled strips can be installed at the back of the container for 5.7 meters

(2) Take c-28.0 as an example: straight bar:

50 pieces per piece

Volume: 0.048m ³

If the allowance of 0.5m height left on the top of the container is not included in the volume, 400 straight bars can be installed (447 in theory)

Straight bar weight =400 × fifty × six × 0.0000904 tons

=10.848 tons

Roll strip:

The coil can hold 6.328 tons with the same weight as the 20 foot container

Total installable weight =17.176 tons

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Basic concept of casement window

A style of windows in folk houses. The opening and closing of the window sash moves along a certain horizontal direction, so it is called "casement window".

The casement window is divided into push-pull type and upper suspension type. Its advantages are large opening area, good ventilation, good sealing, excellent sound insulation, heat preservation and impermeability. The inner opening is convenient for cleaning windows; The open type does not occupy space when it is opened. The disadvantage is that the window width is small and the field of vision is not wide.

The opening of the external window takes up a space outside the wall, which is easy to be damaged when the wind blows; And opening windows inside takes up part of the indoor space. It is inconvenient to use screen windows. It is inconvenient to use screen windows and curtains when opening windows. If the quality is not up to standard, it may also leak rain.

Basic concept of casement window

The hinge is installed on one side of the window sash and connected with the window frame. According to the outward or inward opening, this kind of window is divided into external casement window and internal casement window. This kind of window is characterized by simple structure, flexible opening, easy cleaning, and good sealing performance when closed. It is the most widely used type of window in civil buildings.

A style of windows in folk houses. The opening and closing of the window sash moves along a certain horizontal direction, so it is called "casement window". There are two kinds of windows: flip windows and sliding windows. There are many single windows, which turn up when opened, and are supported and fixed by the iron bar on the window frame; Some turn down and open it to a certain extent to be fixed by the chain on the window frame. The sliding window has many double leaves. When opening and closing, the window sash slides horizontally along the slot of the window frame, or slides up and down. The front windows of houses in northern quadrangles are mostly turned up, with wooden mullions inlaid in the center of the window, pasted with white paper, and turned outward when opening the window. Windows are also common in attics and suspended buildings in southern houses.

Opening mode

Sliding window

The advantages are simple and beautiful, large window width, large glass block, wide vision, high daylighting rate, convenient glass cleaning, flexible use, safe and reliable, long service life, opening in one plane, less space occupation, convenient installation of screen windows, etc. The most widely used is sliding window. The disadvantage is that the two windows cannot be opened at the same time, but only half can be opened at most, and the ventilation is relatively poor; Sometimes the tightness is also slightly poor.

Overhanging type

This is a kind of aluminum alloy and plastic steel window that appeared later. It is a new form developed on the basis of casement windows. It has two ways of opening, which can be opened horizontally or pushed from the bottom. When the casement window is closed, pushing the lower part of the window outward can open a gap of about 10 cm, that is, the window can be opened a little from below, and the open part is suspended in the air, which is connected and fixed with the window frame through hinges, etc., so it is called upper hanging type. Its advantage is that it can not only ventilate, but also ensure safety. Because there are hinges, the window can only open a gap of ten centimeters, and can't reach in from the outside. It is especially suitable for use when there is no one at home. This function is not only limited to the casement window, but also the sliding window can be hung up.

Difference comparison

Comparison between sliding window and casement window

Specific appearance

The difference between casement windows and sliding windows in appearance mainly lies in the collocation with the overall style of the building. Because of the flexibility of its division, casement windows can make any line facade effect, and for large division French windows, the opening fan only accounts for a small part of the whole window, so it is more suitable for high-end real estate with strict requirements for the overall effect of the building, especially in line with the large division, spacious and bright A building with good permeability and smooth appearance. The sliding window can only be pushed and pulled horizontally, so it is difficult to match with the fixed glass with large divisions. Generally, it is more suitable for business plants or rural family buildings with clear horizontal and vertical lines.

Specific performance

In terms of the three properties (wind pressure resistance, water tightness and air tightness) of doors and windows, casement windows are generally better than sliding windows. The wind pressure resistance of doors and windows depends on the resistance moment of the main load-bearing members of doors and windows. The larger the section of the profile is, the greater the resistance moment is, but it is not completely proportional. Generally, the cross-section of casement windows is small, but their main stress bars are usually made of splicing materials or medium vertical materials. These main stress bars will be strengthened in the design process, so their wind pressure resistance performance is good. The cross-section of sliding window profile is generally large, so its wind pressure resistance performance should be relatively good, but as long as a little in-depth stress analysis shows that its main stress bar is often made of medium fan material, and its upper and lower stiles only rely on pulleys to bear the horizontal wind load, so the wind pressure resistance performance is generally not ideal. The water tightness of doors and windows depends on the sealing effect of the opening part, and the casement windows are generally sealed with rubber strips. In terms of air tightness, two-point locks or heaven and earth locks are used for locking and sealing in the opening parts of casement windows in the market. Therefore, the casement window is generally better than the sliding window in terms of three properties. This is why most high-end commercial and residential buildings choose to use casement windows.

Warmer than

In terms of thermal insulation performance, sealant strips are generally used for sealing flat windows in the market, while wool strips are generally used for sealing sliding windows. The sealing effect of rubber strips is generally better than wool strips. The two-point lock or heaven and earth lock is used to lock and seal the opening part of the casement window, which has a better sealing effect. The sliding window is generally locked with hook lock or latch, and its sealing effect is not ideal.

Specific price

In terms of price, there is little difference between casement windows and sliding windows of the same grade. Casement windows are slightly higher than sliding windows. The price of ordinary casement aluminum alloy window is 200 ~

350 yuan / square meter, and the price of medium and high-end windows is more than 500 to 1000 yuan / square meter. Sliding doors and windows are generally 300 yuan / square meter.

Specific process

In terms of processing and manufacturing, the sliding window is generally simple in structure and has no special requirements for equipment, so it is processed and manufactured in a small workshop of a small electric saw; Because the casement window is connected by thick aluminum alloy corner pieces at 45 degrees, it needs a good "corner striking machine" and "double head cutting saw king" to make a good aluminum alloy casement window,.

To sum up, casement windows are better than sliding windows in performance, and casement windows are widely used.

Casement features

Air permeability

Because the inverted position is another way to open the casement window, which makes the room circulate naturally with the air of nature, and the indoor air is fresh. At the same time, it eliminates the possibility of rainwater entering the room. The fresh air undoubtedly creates a comfortable living environment for people.

Security

The linkage hardware arranged around the window sash and various functions of the handle operated indoors are fixed on the window frame around the window sash when it is closed, so the safety and anti-theft performance are excellent.

Easy to clean windows

The operation is simple, and the window sash can be turned from the outside to the inside. It makes it convenient and safe to clean the outer surface of the window. 4. Practicality: it avoids the occupation of indoor space when the inner window is opened, and it is inconvenient to hang curtains and install lifting clothes hanging rods.

Good sealing and insulation performance

Through multi-point locking around the window sash, the sealing and thermal insulation effect of doors and windows are ensured.

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Determination of effective components in grape seed extract

Grape seed extract is a kind of polyphenols extracted from grape seeds, mainly composed of procyanidins, catechins, epicatechins, gallic acid, epicatechin gallate and other polyphenols.

Determination of effective components in grape seed extract

Bate Smith method

This method determines the Proanthocyanidins in grape seed extract, and its content is expressed by proanthocyanidins index. Since there is no standard of proanthocyanidins, this method only determines the relative value of proanthocyanidins in grape seed extract.

Principle

Procyanidins are converted into red anthocyanins by heating under acidic conditions.

Operating procedures

Weigh an appropriate amount of grape seed extract (about 15 ~ 40mg) and dissolve it in methanol, and finally dissolve it in 100ml. Take 1ml of sample solution from it and add it to 10ml colorimetric tube, then add 6ml of hydrochloric acid n-butanol solution (5/95, v/v), react at 97 ℃ for 40min, take it out and cool it quickly, measure its absorbance at 550nm, and use methanol instead of the extract solution as blank.

Proanthocyanidin index = a ×  7.0/W。 A: Absorbance; W: Sample mass (g).

The proanthocyanidin index of grape seed extract measured by bate Smith method is generally between 80 and 100, and sometimes it may be greater than 100.

Porter method

Because the reproducibility of bate Smith method is very poor, and the reaction of procyanidins under this condition is not very thorough. Therefore, Porter et al. Improved the bate Smith method. The improvement of Porter method is mainly to add fe3+ to the reagent to improve the degree of reaction and the stability of color. This method also determines the relative content of procyanidins, and the results are expressed in Pvu (portal value unit). The principle of Porter method is the same as that of bate Smith method.

Operating procedures

Weigh an appropriate amount of grape seed extract (about 10 ~ 30mg) and dissolve it in methanol, and finally dissolve it in 100ml. Take 1ml of sample solution from it and add it to 10ml colorimetric tube, then add 6ml of hydrochloric acid - n-butanol (5/95, v/v), 0.2ml of 2.0% ammonium ferric sulfate solution (dissolved with 2mol.l-1 hydrochloric acid), react at 97 ℃ for 40min, take it out and cool it quickly, measure its absorbance at 550nm, and replace the extract solution with methyl alcohol as blank.

PVU = A  ×  7.2/W。 A: Absorbance; W: Sample mass (g).

The American grape seed method evaluation committee believes that the above two methods cannot be used for the quantitative analysis of total polyphenols or proanthocyanidins in grape seed extracts.

Folin ciocalteau method

The content of total polyphenols in grape seed extract is determined by this method, and gallic acid is generally used as the reference substance. The advantage of this method is that it can quantitatively analyze the content of total polyphenols in the extract. The disadvantage is that it cannot distinguish the types of polyphenols (for example, whether the determination is monomer or polymer); In addition, proteins, nucleic acids, ascorbic acid and other easily oxidized substances also participate in this reaction, and it is impossible to distinguish whether grape seed extract is adulterated. Because the factors of monomer and proanthocyanidins reaction are different, there is a certain deviation between the measured content and the real content in grape seed extract.

Principle

In alkaline solution, phenolic compounds can reduce wolfram molybdic acid (w6+ into w5+) to produce blue compounds. The depth of color is positively correlated with the content of polyphenols. Blue compounds have the maximum absorption peak at 760nm.

Operating procedures

Weigh an appropriate amount of grape seed extract, dissolve it with water, and the concentration is about 0.1mg/ml. Take 1ml of sample solution and add it to a 10ml colorimetric tube, then add 1ml of deionized water, 0.5ml of Folin ciocalteau reagent and 1.5ml of 26.7% Na2CO3 solution in sequence, finally fix the volume with water to 10ml, react at room temperature for 2 hours, and measure its absorbance at 760nm.

Take gallic acid as the reference substance, prepare solutions with different concentrations, react according to the above method, and measure the absorbance. Draw a standard curve with absorbance versus concentration. The content of total polyphenols in the extract can be obtained from the standard curve (expressed as the content equivalent to gallic acid). The American grape seed method evaluation committee agreed to use this method to determine the total polyphenols in grape seed extract, but suggested that this method should be further improved to confirm the difference between the reaction of monomer and proanthocyanidins with Folin ciocalteau reagent.

Vanillin detection method

This method is used to determine the content of flavane-3-ol in grape seed extract, but it cannot distinguish between monomers and polymers. Catechin is generally used as a standard for quantitative determination.

Principle

Under acidic conditions, phloroglucinol, Resorcinol, flavanol of a ring and poly (procyanidins a ring) have high chemical activity. Phloroglucinol or resorcinol on it can condense with vanillin, and the product forms colored positive carbon ions under the action of acid. The concentration of the sample is positively correlated with the color produced.

Operating procedures

Weigh an appropriate amount of grape seed extract and dissolve it with a certain volume of methanol. Finally, the concentration of grape seed extract solution is about 0.1mg/ml. Add 1ml of sample solution to 10ml colorimetric tube, and then successively add 2.5ml of vanillin methanol solution (1.0% w/v) and 2.5ml of 25% sulfuric acid methanol solution. React at room temperature for 15min, and measure its absorbance at 510nm.

Take catechin as the reference substance, prepare solutions with different concentrations, react according to the above method, measure the absorbance, and draw the standard curve with the absorbance to the concentration. The content of flavane-3-alcohol in the extract can be obtained from the standard curve.

Vanillin detection method for the determination of flavane-3-ol in grape seed extract is generally to dissolve the extract with methanol and prepare reagents. In addition, glacial acetic acid can also be used to dissolve the extract and prepare reagents, but the measured data of the two are very different. When methanol is used as solvent, the vanillin method measures the amount of total flavane-3-alcohol, which can occur for the amount of all flavane-3-alcohol in polymerized procyanidins. When glacial acetic acid is used as solvent, the vanillin method measures the amount of monomer flavane-3-alcohol and polymerized proanthocyanidins terminal flavane-3-alcohol, while the flavane-3-alcohol in the middle of polymerized proanthocyanidins cannot be measured. Methanol is mostly used as a solvent to determine the amount of flavane-3-ol in grape seed extract. The average polymerization degree of proanthocyanidins in the extract can be roughly measured by using two solvents at the same time.  

The American grape seed method evaluation committee has agreed not to use this method to detect the active ingredients in grape seed extract.

HPLC method

This method determines the content of each monomer, oligomer and homopolymer in the extract. However, due to the limitations of reference substances and analytical methods, only the contents of monomers and some oligomers in grape seed extract can be determined. In practical application, it is only necessary to determine the monomer content. The main monomers in grape seed extract are catechin, epicatechin, gallic acid, epicatechin gallate.

The content of monomers in grape seed extract is generally about 10.0%, up to 30.0%. Due to the complexity of the components of grape seed extract, if the sample is not pretreated, it is generally difficult to completely separate a variety of monomers by HPLC. Therefore, before injection, the extract needs to be pretreated to remove the high polymer and improve the content of monomer. Common pretreatment methods include silica gel column chromatography, sephadexlh-20, Sephadex G25, toyopeah TSK hw40 and other column chromatography methods. The sample can also be pretreated by thin-layer chromatography, generally using toluene: acetone: acetic acid = 3:3:1 (v/v/v) as the developing agent.

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Olive fruit extract helps protect skin

Olive fruit extract helps protect skin

In hot summer, the weather is getting hotter and hotter, and the sunshine is getting stronger and stronger. Unconsciously, we will bear the baptism of overexposure. Sunlight brings warmth and ultraviolet rays. UV is the biggest enemy of skin, because it will produce reactive oxygen species, lead to lipid peroxidation, damage DNA in skin cells, and cause skin photoaging. Many of our skin problems, such as pigment production (age spots, color spots, sunburn, etc.), skin relaxation, wrinkles, and even red blood, sensitive skin are related to UV.

Skin maintenance requires both internal and external repair. In this era of beauty economy, beauty lovers have not only relied on external beauty effects such as medical beauty and skin care products, but also focused on healthy and safe oral skin care products, gradually entering the stage of "external application + oral" and pursuing "internal and external maintenance".

Olive fruit extract contains a series of unique olive polyphenols. In addition to hydroxytyrosol, oleopicroside, tyrosol, etc., which are common in olives, there is also a special component called Mullein.

Mullein only exists in olive fruit and is the most effective antioxidant found in the whole olive plant. The content of Mullein in olive leaves and roots is basically 0, so the content of Mullein can be used as a landmark component to measure whether the raw material of olive extract is edible olive fruit or others.

Compared with ordinary olive extract, olive fruit extract is rich in plant nutrients Mullein. Mullein can repair the photoaging wrinkles caused by sunlight, prevent the decomposition of skin membrane lipids by UV, and protect the skin from UV damage; Regulate blood glucose to maintain a healthy state, which helps the skin resist saccharification.

1. UV resistance

Exposure to the sun will damage the skin barrier function, reduce the moisturizing function, and be very sensitive to thermal stimulation, causing sunburn. The sunburned skin will turn red, and in serious cases, there will be peeling, blisters, black spots, painted face spots, etc. So what should I do after skin exposure? The first thing we should do is repair after sunburn: neutralize the oxidative free radicals produced after sunburn, eliminate inflammatory reactions, and restore the barrier function of the skin.

Clinical research shows that Med can be increased by an average of 16.45% (p<0.01), which shows that olive fruit can reduce the sensitivity of skin to UV, help skin resist UV damage, and help promote the health of sunburned skin.

2. Antioxidation

Free radicals will destroy the cell structure and cause the cells to lose their original vitality. Antioxidants can repair the cell damage caused by free radicals by eliminating them, help the skin resist external damage and restore the skin to a natural and healthy state.

The results showed that the antioxidant activity of Mullein was > hydroxytyrosol > oleopicroside, and the activity of Mullein was 5 times that of oleopicroside

3. Anti saccharification

Compared with the well-known anti UV and anti-oxidation, people have been lack of necessary attention to fight against saccharification. In fact, saccharification reaction is one of the main reasons for skin dullness and yellowness. The excess sugar in the human body reacts with protein without the action of enzymes. This process is saccharification, which will produce a harmful molecule - advanced glycation end products (ages). This process is irreversible.

So how to resist saccharification? Regulating blood glucose to maintain a healthy state is a good direction. Without too much free sugar, it will not react with skin collagen.

Olive fruit can improve blood glucose in people with metabolic syndrome, regulate blood glucose and maintain a healthy state.

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SEPLITE ® Adsorbent Resin

SEPLITE ® Adsorbent Resin

Adsorbent resins are the designable Macroporous Polymer adsorbents, usually used in plant extraction, pharmaceuticals purification, juice decolorization.

The earliest adsorbent used by humans is activated carbon, which has a large specific surface area (500-1700 m2/g). It can remove pollutants from water by physical adsorption, chemical adsorption and ion exchange adsorption. In addition, it demonstrates excellent gas adsorption characteristics. The macroporous adsorbent is a kind of high molecular polymer, which combines the principles of adsorption and molecular sieve to concentrate and separate organic substances. The macroporous adsorbent is prepared by suspension polymerization. Its physicochemical properties are stable, insoluble in acids, bases and organic solvents. Its porogen、skeleton and polarity could been designed to meet all kinds of separation requirement.

The macroporous adsorbent selectively adsorbs organic substances from the solution by physical adsorption, thereby achieving the purpose of separation and purification. It has good selectivity to organic matter, is not affected by the presence of inorganic salts and strong ions and low molecular compounds, and can be adsorbed by swelling in water and organic solvents. For the separation of the target object, in addition to considering the molecular size, the molecular polarity is also important.

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Upvc windows and doors bring you a refreshing summer

Summers usually come with the unbearable heat and humidity. Rising temperatures with the scorching heat make using air coolers and air conditioners a common norm in all houses, thus skyrocketing electricity and energy bills.

A more effective and sustainable way to reduce the effect of this heat is the use of uPVC windows and doors. High insulation uPVC windows can significantly cut down the amount of heat felt indoors and can provide efficient ventilation and fresh air.

In summers, we experience the “greenhouse effect” more than any other time of the year. Especially in houses with south or west facing windows, where sunlight directly shines in, rooms become unbearably hot as this heat has no way of exiting out and gets trapped inside, heating up the interiors. If you suffer with immensely hot rooms in summer, uPVC windows and doors are the perfect solution for your homes.

Why uPVC

uPVC windows have several advantages over other traditional window and door systems like wood, steel or PVC. This has helped them gain immense popularity over the years in the construction and building industry. Here are some reasons why you should go for uPVC windows and doors in summer.

Double and triple glaze the heat

Double glazed uPVC windows and doors provide superior thermal insulation and cooling by reducing the transfer of heat between indoors and outdoors. Double glazing is a process that involves the use of two glass panes that are separated by a cavity, often filled with vacuum or argon. This space acts as a poor conductor of heat and sound, thereby preventing the entry of heat through the windows. The presence of primary and secondary seals in double glazed uPVC windows, also helps stop heat and moisture from entering indoors, better than any other window or door system.

Similarly, triple glazed windows are built with three panes of glass. Due to their structure, these windows provide an even greater cooling effect. Depending on your geographical location, you can either opt for double or triple glazed uPVC windows.

Cut down your summer electricity bills

uPVC windows and doors, due to their composition, can greatly enhance energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption, leading to decreased energy bills and more savings! Energy efficient uPVC windows and doors are an ideal solution for Indian summers as they can keep the interiors of a home cool and significantly reduce electricity bills up to 30% , thus making them an affordable one time investment that helps save money in the long run.

Ideal for all seasons

Yes! That’s right!. uPVC profiles are considered to be superior to most other window and door systems in terms of  thermal insulation. While they make homes cooler in summers, their unique manufacturing helps them maintain warm temperatures indoors during winters. Thus, uPVC window and door profiles are a perfect fit for all weather conditions throughout the geography of the country.

Withstands High-Speed Winds and Rains

uPVC all-weather door and window profiles are high on strength which helps them withstand extreme temperatures, high speed winds, torrential rains and gives immunity against saline water, making it ideal for coastal regions too.

All-weather uPVC profiles

uPVC profiles are widely known for their unmatched performance throughout the year, no matter what season it is. While in summers they effectively cool indoors, in winters, they adequately trap heat inside and modulate the surroundings based on outside temperatures, making rooms warmer. This is one of the greatest advantages of uPVC windows. Their superior thermal insulation and energy efficiency makes them a common favourite among homeowners, architects and designers.

Stop Extensive UV Damage

Double or triple glazed windows can also greatly limit the amount of damaging UV rays that penetrate the windows and doors of a home—thus minimizing the risk of excess exposure to the harmful rays and also preventing the fading of carpets, curtains and other furnishings.

Reduced Noise

Apart from keeping your space cool, high-quality uPVC windows and doors offer the benefits of reduced noise. The choice of the glass and the glazing options can greatly determine the entry of outside noise indoors. In this regard, double or triple glazed windows are ideal for cities as they curb outside noise pollution up to 30 dB, ensuring peaceful and calm indoors.

Extremely safe and high on security

One of the key characteristics of any window or door system, is their ability to withstand force and provide security. uPVC windows and doors at Venster are built using the highest quality raw materials and multi-chambered profiles which imparts high strength and resilience. Their high wall thickness and multi-point locking systems when added with an extra grill or mesh, make them undeniably secure.

Dimex’s premium quality uPVC windows and doors can considerably outperform any single, ordinary glass windows in reducing the transfer of heat and noise. This undoubtedly makes them an ideal choice for keeping indoors cool during hot to very hot summer months.

Help Build the Perfect uPVC Window & Door System

With world-class German technology and a reputation for building superior-quality uPVC profiles, Dimex is widely known as one of world’s leading uPVC manufacturers. Get in touch and partner with us today to deliver unmatched energy efficient uPVC window and door solutions to your clients.

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What is rhubarb extract used for?

Basic product introduction of rhubarb extract

Rhubarb extract is Rheum palmatum L Rheum tanguticum maxim ex Balf. Or Rheum officinale baill Extracts from dried roots and rhizomes of. It is mainly produced in Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan and other places. Rhubarb is mainly produced in Sichuan, Hubei and other places. The effective ingredients are anthraquinone compounds, including rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe emodin, emodin methyl ether, etc., which have the effects of scavenging oxygen free radicals, regulating blood lipids, anti arteriosclerosis, anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti psychosis, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, protecting the liver and gallbladder, anti-virus and so on.

Pharmacological effects of rhubarb extract

1. Impact on digestive system

(1) Purgative effect: the main effect site of diarrhea is in the large intestine. The effective component of rhubarb is anthracoside, mainly sennoside. Sennoside decomposes under the action of intestinal bacterial enzymes to produce anthrone rhein, which can stimulate large intestine mucosa, increase intestinal peristalsis and diarrhea. In addition, it can also inhibit na+, k+ - ATPase on intestinal cell membrane, hinder na+ transport, increase intestinal osmotic pressure, retain a large amount of water, and promote intestinal peristalsis and diarrhea.

(2) Cholagogic and hepatoprotective effects: rhubarb extract can promote bile secretion, increase the content of bilirubin and bile acids in bile, relieve the spasm of bile sphincter, enhance the relaxation of duodenum and bile duct, and dredge the cholestasis in bile duct and micro bile duct.

2. Impact on blood system

(2) Hypolipidemic effect: rhubarb extract can reduce the levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and lipid peroxide. Rhubarb was made into granules and taken continuously for 2 months, which had good lipid-lowering effect and no adverse reactions.

(3) Blood activating effect: rhubarb extract has the effect of blood dilution, which may be through the plasma osmotic effect to promote the transfer of extracellular fluid to the blood vessels, so that the blood is diluted, resulting in the reduction of blood cells and the decrease of blood viscosity, so as to enhance microcirculation and achieve the purpose of blood activating.

3. Anti infection effect

Rhubarb extract has inhibitory effect on a variety of gram-positive and negative bacteria in vitro, especially on paratyphoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus and so on. It also has certain killing effect on hepatitis B virus, various fungi, amoeba protozoa and Trichomonas vaginalis. The main antibacterial ingredients are rhein, emodin and aloe emodin. The antibacterial mechanism is mainly to inhibit the oxidation and dehydrogenation of glucose metabolic intermediates, and inhibit the synthesis of protein and nucleic acid; Inhibition of bacterial biological oxidase system; Induce interferon.

4. Antipyretic effect

In the acute stage of acute or infectious diseases, rhubarb extract can play a cooling role, and the cooling is stable, without sweating or collapse and other adverse reactions. Its antipyretic mechanism is to inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandin E in the central body temperature, reduce the content of cyclic glycoside nucleic acid, expand peripheral blood vessels and increase heat dissipation to achieve the purpose of cooling.

5. Immune regulation

Rhubarb extract has a two-way regulatory effect on immune function, with different degrees of immunosuppression. It can inhibit or block cellular immunity and humoral immunity. Long term application can cause the atrophy of thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and other immune organs. In addition, rhubarb can increase the phagocytosis of macrophages in the abdominal cavity of mice, promote the production of interferon in the human body, and improve the immune ability, so as to achieve the purpose of clearing the virus.

Key words: Rhubarb extract, Antipyretic effect, lose weight

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Some questions about using ion exchange resins in water treatment

In water treatment using Ion Exchange Resins, there are a number of points that need special attention. Here are some:

1.Use Care when performing backwashing

During backwashing, if the water flow is not adequate for the specific product or the operation is incorrect, resins may be washed out of the reactor and lost. This is the main reason why resins are found in trenches and waste water ponds.

2. Inspect regularly your vessels to make sure the nozzles or liquid distribution parts are intact

If the nozzles or other liquid distribution parts are damaged, the resins will leak out of the equipment, and then enter the subsequent equipment or water supply system. Therefore, the operation of the downstream equipment will be disturbed, and the quality of the produced water may be impacted.

3. Always monitor the quality and the amount of water produced. When operating Mixed Bed, select Seplite resin types allowing good separation of anionic and cationic component.

4.Prevent suspended solids from entering the ion exchange system.

If turbidity of the influent water is too high, it will lead to blockage of the resin bed, fouling of the resins and potential precipitation in the beads. The suspended solids often contain salts of multi-valent metal ions which are prone to precipitation.

5. When using sulfuric acid regeneration, prevent calcium sulfate precipitation:

Sulfuric acid is commonly used to regenerate the cationic resin. If the concentration of sulfuric acid is too high at the start and the flow rate is too slow, calcium sulfate will precipitate on the surface of the resin particles. To prevent this problem, a stepwise concentration increase of sulfuric acid during regeneration as well as sufficient flow are recommended.

Key words: ion exchange resins; water treatment; science

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How to choose an AC frequency inverter?

The variable frequency drives is a power control device that converts the power frequency power supply into another frequency by using the on-off function of the power semiconductor device. The correct selection of the frequency converter is very critical to the normal operation of the control system. Usually we need to consider the matching problem with the motor, load type, site environment and so on when we select the inverter. Below we will specifically introduce what factors need to be considered when selecting an inverter.

Variable frequency drives considerations for selecting 

1. Determine the purpose of frequency conversion: constant voltage control or constant current control, etc.

2. The load type of the inverter: such as vane pump or positive displacement pump, etc.. Pay special attention to the performance curve of the load, which determines the method of application.

3. Select the inverter according to the actual working current of the motor

The actual working current of the motor is the most critical factor in the selection of the inverter. When the inverter works for a long time, the output current of the inverter must be greater than the actual working current of the motor. Remember that the motor is usually selected first in the project, and then the inverter is selected according to the motor.

4. Matching between inverter and load

(1) Voltage matching: The rated voltage of the inverter is consistent with the rated voltage of the load.

(2) Current matching: If it is an ordinary centrifugal pump, the rated current of the inverter is consistent with the rated current of the motor. For special loads such as deep water pumps, it is necessary to refer to the motor performance parameters to determine the inverter current and overload capacity with the maximum current.

(3) Torque matching: This situation may occur when a constant torque load or a reduction gear is present.

In general, the inverter drives the constant torque load motor, and the inverter is selected based on the rated current of the motor.

In general, the inverter drives the motors of fans and pumps, and the inverter is selected based on the rated current of the motor.

For a motor that is often overloaded for a short time, it is necessary to calculate the overload period and overload current.

5. If the inverter needs to run with a long cable, measures should be taken to suppress the influence of the long cable to the ground coupling capacitance, so as to avoid insufficient output of the inverter. Therefore, in this case, the capacity of the inverter should be increased by one step or the inverter should be installed in the inverter. An output reactor is installed at the output end.

6. The capacity of the inverter for high-speed motors is slightly larger than that of ordinary motors. Because when using a frequency converter to drive a high-speed motor, due to the small reactance of the high-speed motor, the increase of high-order harmonics will lead to an increase in the output current value.

7. The impact of the site environment

(1) Temperature

The operating ambient temperature of the inverter is generally -10 to 40°C. If the ambient temperature is higher than 40°C, the inverter should be derated by 5% for every 1°C increase; The service life is halved, so the problem of the surrounding environment and the heat dissipation of the inverter must be solved.

(2) Altitude

The inverter can output rated power when installed at an altitude below 1000m. At altitudes above 1000m, its output power will drop.

(3) Humidity

The inverter works in an environment with a humidity lower than 90%, the relative humidity of the air is less than or equal to 90%, and there is no condensation. When the humidity is too high and the humidity changes greatly, condensation is likely to occur inside the inverter, and its insulation performance will be greatly reduced, and may even cause a short circuit. If necessary, a desiccant or heater must be added to the box.

(4) Dust

The inverter should not be installed in the occasion with metallic conductive dust. Conductive dust intrusion into the inverter will short-circuit the internal circuit of the inverter, and in severe cases, the inverter will be burned.

AC drive hot sale at Xichielectric

Xichielectric mainly provides two kinds of inverters: XFC500 open-loop vector control inverter and CFV9000A series high-voltage inverter.

1. XFC500 vfd

Features:

(1) This model has a wide range of applications.

(2) Support wall-mounted, embedded, side-by-side, top-bottom and other installation methods.

(3) 132KG/160KP and above models have built-in DC reactor.

(4) Flexible application function expansion, mainly including IO expansion card, PLC expansion card.

(5) Rich communication expansion, CANopen, Profibus, EtherCAT and other communication expansion cards can be connected through the expansion interface.

(6) External LED operation keyboard can be introduced.

(7) All series support common DC busbar and DC power supply.

2. CFV9000A series high-voltage industrial vfd

CFV9000A series high-voltage inverter takes high-speed DSP as the control core, adopts space voltage vector control technology and power unit series multi-level technology. With high reliability, easy operation and high performance as the design goals, it can meet the needs of users for various types of load speed regulation, energy saving, and production process improvement.

Our high-voltage inverter is divided into all-in-one series high-voltage VFD and basic series high-voltage VFD.

All-in-one series high-voltage VFD:

Feature: Based on the two-quadrant synchronous (including permanent magnet synchronous motor)/asynchronous motor platform design, the whole machine integrates control cabinet, power cabinet, transformer cabinet and switching cabinet, which is easy to install

Advantages: Small size, save space; overall transportation, easy installation

Load type: fans, pumps

Basic series high-voltage VFD:

Feature: Based on the two/four-quadrant synchronous (including permanent magnet synchronous motor)/asynchronous motor platform design and unit sealing design, the whole machine is modularly designed, and the production efficiency is high.

Advantage: Modular design of the control system, small harmonics, precise speed regulation, good sealing performance of the power unit, and strong environmental adaptability

Load type: fans, water pumps; elevator, belt conveyor.

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Alpha arbutins uses - what can I do with this product?

Alpha arbutin is an ingredient with multiple uses in skin care products, mainly extracted from the leaves of the bearberry plant. It can be used as a skin brightener, lighten pigmentation, and has anti-inflammatory and bactericidal effects. Go ahead for more specific effects, using methods and precautions.

Alpha arbutin serum various effects

1. Lighten dark spots

One of the most important effects of arbutin is to lighten dark spots and whiten the skin. Alpha-arbutin is a new type of whitening raw material, which can be quickly absorbed by the skin. Generally speaking, melanin in the human body increases with age. However, the components of α-arbutin can inhibit the activity of endonuclease, avoid the oxidation of glutamic acid, and affect the synthesis of dopa and dopaquinone, thereby blocking the production of melanin. At the same time, α-arbutin can also promote the decomposition and excretion of melanin, so as to avoid the deposition of skin pigment, so as to achieve the effect of lightening dark spots and whitening the skin.

2. Sunscreen

α-Arbutin has the effect of absorbing ultraviolet rays. Some researchers have made special tests on sunscreen products added with α-arbutin, and found that α-arbutin exhibits ultraviolet absorption ability.

3. Shrink pores

Arbutin has the effect of shrinking pores. It also has a great effect on shrinking pores and making the skin firmer. So people with large pores can try arbutin and use it to improve the skin.

4. Pain relief and anti-inflammatory

Arbutin also has analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects can also be used for beauty. Many people have acne or inflammation on their faces, and it can also be well relieved by using it. Its anti-inflammatory effect is very good, and it can quickly clear up acne.

5. Antitussive and expectorant

Arbutin can also play an antitussive and expectorant effect. This substance can increase the mucus secretion of the organs, prolong the incubation period of ammonia-induced cough, and reduce the number of coughs. Arbutin is sometimes combined with other traditional Chinese medicines such as Platycodon grandiflorum to treat cough, phlegm, asthma and other respiratory diseases.

6. Sterilize and stop diarrhea

Arbutin also has the effect of bactericidal and antidiarrheal. Some common medicines for the treatment of gastroenteritis in daily life also contain a certain amount of arbutin, because arbutin has the effect of anti-inflammatory, antidiarrheal and bactericidal. At the same time, it can also prevent the virus from continuing to breed and multiply in the stomach.

How to use alpa arbutin?

1. How to use alpa arbutin stock solution?

(1) Can be added to the base stock solution, then massage with fingers;

(2) Arbutin stock solution is suitable for morning and evening, take an appropriate amount and apply on the face and massage for 5-10 minutes for full absorption, morning and evening;

(3) Take an appropriate amount and add it to essence, cream and skin care water to enhance the effect. When storing arbutin stock solution, since arbutin stock solution is a product with high active ingredients, it should not be placed in a high temperature environment. It is recommended to store it in a cool and ventilated place and avoid direct sunlight.

2. How to use alpa arbutin powder?

Arbutin powder can be used as a mask powder. Put an appropriate amount of arbutin powder in the mask bowl, add a little water, and after a simple blending, it becomes an arbutin mask paste. Apply it evenly on the face, remember to avoid the eyes, lips, etc. After 15 minutes, massage properly, and then rinse with water.

Necessary alpa arbutin precautions while using

1. When using arbutin, it is necessary to avoid sunlight exposure. If it is used improperly, it will not only inhibit melanin, but also lead to the precipitation of melanin.

2. Sometimes in order to speed up the absorption of arbutin, the penetrant azone 0.8%~1% can be added.

3. When using arbutin, pay attention to the combination. For example, if arbutin and methylparaben are used together, it is easy to produce hydroquinone, a harmful substance that is irritating to the skin, causing a variety of skin problems.

4. Arbutin can only be used externally, not orally, so as to avoid adverse effects on the body.

5. Pay attention to the concentration. The concentration of arbutin should be within a certain range. The use of a certain concentration of arbutin can more effectively inhibit the formation of melanin, achieve the effect of removing black and whitening more effectively, and improve facial pigmentation. The concentration of arbutin is unreasonable, and it may irritate the skin after use, resulting in an increase in melanin in the skin, making the face more dull.

Where to buy alpha arbutin powder?

ZHENYIBIO is a high-tech enterprise dedicated to natural plant active cosmetic raw materials. We focus on the research and development, production and solutions of cosmetic raw materials, such as glutathione, hyaluronic acid, polyglutamic acid, asiaticoside, peptides and liposomes, as well as Alpha-Arbutin powder.

You can buy Alpha-Arbutin powder with high quality from ZHENYIBIO that has been in the field of cosmetic raw materials for 13 years.

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 UPVC's introduction

"The Ultimate Energy Efficient Solution"

uPVC – (Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride)

A TRULY SUSTAINABLE SOLUTION FOR UPVC WINDOWS & DOORS

uPVC can be recycled up to 10 times which makes it a truly sustainable product. Each time it is recycled it uses only a third of the natural resources of new UPVC and has only a third of the carbon footprint.

uPVC insulated window frames are specifically designed to incorporate insulated double glazing

uPVC needs virtually no maintenance and normally has a long lifespan can we called windows for Life.

uPVC is engineered to handle severe weather

uPVC has 57% salt content so is ideal in coastal areas

Fusion-welded construction eliminates drafts and water leaks

Various glass combinations, combined with the uPVC frame significantly reduce outside noise

With 8 part of titanium dioxide, it prevents frames from fading in our harsh climate our windows are designed to last, can be guaranteed for minimum 10 years.

Fusion-welded construction eliminates draft s and water leaks.

Various glass combinations, combined with the uPVC frame significantly reduce outside noise.

Double glazing will keep the temperature inside your home consistently 22-24˚c year round without heating or cooling required.

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What are the medicinal, nutritional and cosmetic value of aloe？

Aloe contains 75 elements, which are almost completely consistent with the substances required by human cells. In Western countries, cosmetics are marked with aloe vera and their value has doubled, so it is obvious that its diet and medical effects, and some hospitals are helpless with chronic diseases. Difficult and difficult diseases often have incredible effects. People are honored as "magic plants." , "Family Medicine Box".

The nutritional value of fresh aloe:

1. Stabilized aloe gel ingredients: lignin, aloe acid, saponin, anthraquinone, aloin, cinnamic acid quinone, aloin, aloe-emodin, isoaloin, emodin, anthracene, phenol, rhein , Anthracene Resistannol;

2. Vitamins: vitamin B1, folic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin C, nicotinamide, vitamin E, vitamin B6, vitamin A, choline, (B-carotene);

3. Inorganic element: Ca;

4. Monosaccharides and mucopolysaccharides: cellulose, aoldonentose, glucose, L-rhamnose, glycosides, and sugar;

5. Enzymes: oxidase, lipase, amylase, Aliinase, catalase;

6. Essential amino acids: lysine, leucine, threonine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, valine.

The medicinal value of aloe:

  The medicinal value of aloe vera diet is extremely high. It has the functions of invigorating the stomach, regulating the intestines, clearing away heat, detoxifying, promoting cell regeneration and wound healing. Aloe contains a lot of amino acids, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients; more importantly, it also contains a variety of biologically active substances, such as anthraquinone compounds, multiple enzymes, and active polysaccharide substances. These nutrients and active substances have good health effects on the human body. Aloe vera can improve immune function, increase interleukins, eliminate toxins, eliminate toxic free radicals, eliminate constipation, prevent colitis, reduce blood lipids, blood sugar and blood pressure, improve circulatory system, prevent and treat diseases of the digestive system, increase appetite, improve sleep quality, and improve general health State and make people energetic.

  According to scientific research, it has been found that many ingredients in aloe have good nourishing and moisturizing effects on human skin, and are less irritating, comfortable after use, and have certain effects on rough skin, facial wrinkles, scars, freckles, acne, etc. Therefore, its extracts can be used as cosmetic additives, formulated into sunscreens, body washes, etc.

  As for mild bruises, contusions, Hong Kong feet, frostbite, cracked skin, warts, etc., aloe vera can be used to treat, and the effect is good. Modern research shows that its leaves contain aloe-emodin, isoaloe-emodin and aloe bitterness, etc. Pharmacological experiments have purgative and anti-cancer effects. Aloe flowers are cold in nature, bitter in taste, and have the effects of clearing heat, relieving cough, and stopping bleeding, and can treat cough and vomiting.

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lon Exchange Resins

lon Exchange Resins

SEPLITE @ lon Exchange Resins

lon exchange is a powerful chemical technoloav through a reversible chemical reaction where dissolved ions are removed from solution and replaced with other ions of the same or similar electrical charae. lon exchange resin facilitates ion exchange reactions The resin itself is composed of organic polymers that forms a network of hvdrocarbons. and ion exchange sites. called"functional qroup" throughout the matrix The ion exchange sites attract ions of an opposina charge. which aive the ion exchange resin its separation capabilities

lon exchange resins are classified into cation exchange resins and anion exchange resins. as well as mixed bed ion exchange resins.The cation exchange resin can be exchanged with a cation, and the anion exchange resin can be exchanged with an anion. The mixed bedion exchange resin is a physical mixture of a positive resin and an anion resin, and at the same time removes anions and cations in the water.

Mostly, ion exchange resin could be regenerated to restore its ion exchange ability. and the ion exchange resin regeneration is accomplished through the application of a chemical regeneration solution. Through regeneration, ion exchange resin could deliver consistent results and.have a long service life.

lon exchange resins are widely used in different separation, purification, and decontamination process. The most common examplesare water softening and water purification. Besides, it could be used in metal separation, sugar manufacturing, bio-pharmaceuticals, juice purification and so on.

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What are the functions of a soft starter?

What are the functions of a soft starter?

Overload protection: 

The soft starter introduces a current control loop, so it can track and detect the change of motor current at any time. By increasing the setting of overload current and the inverse time limit control mode, the overload protection function is realized. When the motor is overloaded, the thyristor is turned off and an alarm signal is issued.

Phase loss protection:

During operation, the soft starter detects the change of the three-phase line current at any time, and can make a phase loss protection response once the current is cut off.

Overheat protection: 

The temperature of the thyristor radiator is detected by the internal thermal relay of the soft starter. Once the temperature of the radiator exceeds the allowable value, the thyristor is automatically turned off and an alarm signal is issued.

Other functions:

Through the combination of electronic circuits, various other interlocking protections can also be realized in the system.

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Fish collagen peptide benefits

Fish collagen peptide benefits

Fish collagen peptides (also called hydrolyzed collagen) are not exactly the same as collagen naturally present in the body. Collagen is a long chain of amino acids that make up the skin and connective tissue. Collagen peptides are derived from this collagen and are formed by shorter amino acid chains. Some small studies have shown that collagen peptides can improve skin conditions, such as skin moisture, elasticity, wrinkles and roughness, and collagen has also been proven to increase skin moisture.

Fish collagen peptide can improve the overall health and appearance of the skin

Fish collagen peptide can support joints

Cartilage is the tough, flexible tissue between the joint surfaces that allows bones to slide against each other.

It is believed that this link between oral collagen and healthy joint pain is due to the production of extra collagen in the cartilage and stimulating the body to produce more collagen in the problem area.

Fish collagen peptide may support a healthy heart

Collagen forms part of the structure of the human arteries (carrying blood from the heart to the body.)

When the supply of collagen is insufficient, the arteries lose their healthy structure. A study in which adults took 16 grams of collagen a day for six months found that arterial stiffness was significantly reduced compared to the measures taken before the start of the study.

Although more research is needed, collagen may have an effect on the structure of arteries, thereby affecting blood flow, as well as other health factors such as maintaining healthy cholesterol levels.

Fish collagen peptide may help muscle growth

Some studies have found that collagen supplements such as salmon collagen or fish skin collagen may help support muscle mass.

Fish collagen peptide Help strengthen bones

Skin is not the only part of the body that can benefit from supplementing fish collagen! Collagen accounts for 90% of the organic matrix of our bones. One of the most common signs of aging is bone loss.This can lead to osteoporosis,which millions of people all over the world suffer from.

Although minerals such as phosphorus and calcium are very helpful in promoting and maintaining bone strength, they are not easily absorbed into the blood. This is why many people are at risk of bone disease due to bone loss and mineral deficiencies. Fish collagen can help your bones strengthen by supporting the absorption process of calcium and other minerals essential for bone strength.

Supplementing fish collagen may help stimulate collagen synthesis in bones, which is done by promoting osteoblasts (cells that help build bone matrix).This means that fish collagen may help regenerate and heal your bones!

Fish collagen peptide can stabilize your blood sugar

The various benefits of glycine to the human body have been studied, and the glycine content of fish collagen is uniquely higher than any other type of collagen! The glycine in fish collagen may help stabilize blood sugar. Researchers recently discovered evidence that low levels of glycine in the body may lead to insulin resistance, which can lead to diabetes. In fact, a 2016 study conducted by the Alberta Diabetes Institute found that patients with type 2 diabetes have lower levels of glycine. Therefore, supplementing with glycine-rich fish collagen may help stabilize blood sugar levels and prevent glycine insulin resistance.

Fish collagen peptide anti-inflammatory and antibacterial

Fish collagen seems to be getting better, doesn't it? This is another benefit! Hydrolyzed fish collagen is composed of biologically active peptides with antioxidant properties. These properties help reduce reactive oxygen species, which are unstable molecules containing oxygen, which can cause tissue aging and expose people to a higher risk of cancer. Fish collagen can provide antioxidants, which can then fight against the accumulation of these reactive oxygen species, strengthen the immune system and reduce inflammation throughout the body.

The same bioactive peptide found in fish collagen also has antibacterial properties. These peptides, especially the peptide collagen, may help inhibit infection and the growth of disease-causing bacteria. Research is continuing to explore the potential of fish collagen peptides as antibiotics!

Fish collagen peptide promote quality sleep

Glycine, the most abundant amino acid in marine collagen, has a good sleep support effect. A study has shown that taking glycine before going to bed helps maintain a satisfactory level of self-perceived sleep quality. It also suggests that glycine may help maintain core body temperature for sleep quality, which is related to better sleep. Unstable blood sugar peaks and drops can also affect sleep quality, and marine collagen (usually containing about 10 grams of protein per serving) can help maintain it.

Fish collagen peptide promote intestinal health

From excessive stress to improper diet, everything can damage the delicate tissues in the intestines. This can lead to "intestinal leakage", in which case foreign particles can enter your bloodstream and cause severe damage to your body, thereby increasing the risk of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. The good news: marine collagen is not only easy to digest, but due to its amino acid composition, it may help support your intestines.

Two amino acids, glycine and glutamine, may be particularly useful because they both play a role in supporting the lining of the digestive tract. Glycine is particularly helpful in maintaining inflammation, thereby helping to control inflammatory intestinal conditions; and glutamine are necessary for the health of intestinal epithelial cells or epithelial cells in the gastrointestinal tract.