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5 rules of excellent study presentation

Presentation - one way to explain a new topic in the lesson. But a bad presentation can only confuse and even cause irritation. In this article we discuss the most frequent mistakes and for clarity suggests looking at examples of good and bad presentations.

Despite the simplicity (and obviousness) of the rules, they are violated very often. To illustrate the mistakes, slides were used from the presentations from the first site I came across on request "presentation in English." This was the presentation of teachers of senior and primary grades. Judging by the large number of downloads, they seem beautiful not only to the authors who posted them on the site.

I'll tell you about the five rules of a good presentation and show how it looks in practice.

1. One slide - one thought

According to a study by Microsoft in 2013, the average attention span is eight seconds. That's all you have. Try to read, understand and remember the information from this slide in eight seconds.

Presentation - one way to explain a new topic in the lesson. But a bad presentation can only confuse and even cause irritation. Alexei Obzhorin talks about the most frequent mistakes and for clarity suggests looking at examples of good and bad presentations.

2. Simple fonts

The purpose of the training presentation is to convey the meaning of the information new to the students and to convey the idea that this information is important to them. This requires that viewers can read the text. I'm not sure that this slide can be parsed from the last row of the class (or even from the third row).

3. Lots of free space

White (or negative) space is a free space on slides that is not occupied by objects or text. The desire to fill something with every free centimeter of the slide is considered one of the most popular mistakes that the unskillful designer gives out at a glance.

4. Few colors

A common mistake is the desire to highlight each important thought with a new bright color. This creates a sense of chaos. Instead of paying attention to the main thing, I want to close my eyes. For some reason, this error is most often found in the presentations of primary school teachers.

5. High resolution photos

Presentation - a visual means of presenting information, training. I do not want to look at low-quality photos, they are difficult to disassemble details, especially from afar. Small images of poor quality look old-fashioned and inexpressive. Often in inept presentations there are deformed photos. They cause laughter or bewilderment.

The main force of the presentation is images. They attract attention, illustrate what has been said, surprise, remember. Moreover, now it is not difficult to find a good photo. Agree, these five rules are easy to remember and apply. Moreover, the real teacher already has the most important thing for a good presentation - this knowledge of the subject and a sincere desire to share this knowledge.

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Making students doing homework is to deprive them of the opportunity to seek what is interesting

When I was a student, homework for me was a sacrifice. I sacrificed my free time to teachers, and there was not so much of it. At first, I did all the tasks, but for some reason I did not learn from it better.

I think that homework was not so useful for our understanding of the subject, as needed to tame the character. "You behave badly - we'll ask you more at home" - our teachers said and generously gave us exercises and tasks. And why save? The textbook is large, there are a lot of tasks. Those who did not want to sacrifice their time and did not do homework were punished with deuces, challenge of parents.

Already then, in those far nineties, for us who did not know computers and the Internet, doing homework was a very dubious occupation - they were useful only to those who did them on their own, and who were supported and tested right at runtime.

But the plight of homework is now difficult even to compare with those times. Now the students have answer books and to ask the task from the textbook is simply useless. They have the Internet, and therefore offer to write an abstract or a report, especially in print, is a homework not for the student, but for the printer. In the last few years, a huge number of such powerful online packages have appeared to solve all sorts of problems in mathematics, physics and chemistry, spell checking and translation into any language, that homework turned for most students into the quest "put in a notebook."

This situation is not only tragic in itself, but also entails dangerous consequences. Many teachers learn from their parents that the homework takes a minimum of time for students, and, noticing that the performance does not increase, but falls, they ask more and more tasks "for practicing skills." This they finally knock the ground out from under the feet of those few students who perform tasks independently, pushing them to an easy path. Agree - it is easier to ask more assignments from the textbook than to try to come up with a task that cannot be written off. Therefore, are the students in action, and the notebooks are written down, and the grades for the homework are good. In addition, the fact that they know a bad topic, so it is just not immediately visible.

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Useful tips on how to format a report correctly

Finally, a few tips for preparing and formatting the report:

Tip 1. To remove unnecessary problems, press Ctrl + F, then the Replace tab. In the "Find" line, put two spaces, in the "Replace with" line, put one space. Click the "Replace All" button. Done!

Tip 2. Do not place references to sources of literature in the draft version of the report. Perhaps, you will still redo the list of literature - some number of sources will be added or removed. It will be very difficult to correlate all sources by numbers. Indicate in brackets the title of the book or the author. And only after making sure that the work is completely finished, references are made to the sources.

Tip 3. If the text contains incomprehensible complex terms, disclose their meaning. So you will make the report more accessible to listeners.

Tip 4. The text of the material and the text of the speech may vary slightly. The text of the speech can be simplified as much as possible for listeners. (But do not overdo it.) Speaking is not welcome on the performance).

Tip 5. Use the Word feature to create an automatic table of contents. This table of contents looks much better than what is done manually. In addition, the elements of such a table of contents are links, when clicked, a page with the corresponding chapter opens.

Tip 6. Before printing, double-check the text for errors (Word spells out the spelling mistakes in red). Visually assess the design (it's convenient to do this by reducing the scale of the page): check the presence of signatures for all tables and figures, make sure to use the same font in the text, pay attention to the alignment of the text (it should be in width).

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How to issue the report correctly - briefly about the main thing. Part 2

How to draw up the text of the report

The text of the report is formatted in Times New Roman 14 pt or 12 pt. For writing the main text, only lowercase letters are allowed.

Throughout the text, a paragraph indentation, which is 1.25 cm, should be used. The one-and-a-half interline spacing is most often used, but the use of single spacing is allowed.

The point after the title of the chapters is not set. In the title of chapters, capital letters, boldface, can be used.

Attention! You need to make sure there are no unnecessary spaces or hyphens, because when you copy text to Word from other sources, hyphenation can often occur where there should not be.

Formulas are executed in the Microsoft Equation 3.0 editor. You need to arrange formulas in a separate line, in the center, separating it, at the same time, with indentations from the top and bottom of the main text. The formulas are numbered with Arabic numerals, which are enclosed in parentheses to the right of the formula.

How to make illustrations in the report

Illustrations include diagrams, graphs, diagrams, drawings and photographs. If there are several illustrations in the text of the report, they should be numbered. Each illustration should have an informative and precise name. The name is located under the illustration in the center of the line and begins with the words:

“Figure 1 -". Then the name itself comes with a capital letter.

The images are aligned in the center and are located immediately after the text in which they are mentioned.

How to make a table

In tables it is allowed to use a font of 10 or 12 pt. Each table should have a number and a name beginning with the words: "Table 1 -". The name is located at the top of the table. Tables are located in the text immediately after their mention in the text.

Let's sum up the results

The main thing is to remember: the report is the text for the speech. Therefore, when writing a report, it is first and foremost necessary to pay attention to its informative, concise and accessible presentation for the listener. On this depends the result of the presentation of the report. Registration - again, though important.

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How to issue the report correctly - briefly about the main thing. Part 1

First, we need to understand what the report is. A report is an oral report on a specific topic. Often, no registration for the report is generally required. If you do not pass the report after the speech for verification, then you can draw it in any form. The main thing is its own convenience for public reading of the text.

The situation is completely different with the reports that need to be submitted for examination to a teacher, teacher or a competitive commission. In this case, it is necessary to be guided by those requirements, which the inspector makes to the design of the work. Here the problems begin. If for course and diploma papers there are usually issued special guidelines for their design, then for the reports such instructions are issued extremely rarely. Does this mean that you can give vent to your fantasies and embody on your paper all your creative impulses? Not at all.

For the report, a title page must be completed. It indicates the official name of the organization (from the top center), the topic of the report (in the center of the page), the authors (at the bottom right of the page), the city and the year the report was executed (bottom of the line). The font Times New Roman 14 pt, lower case letters is used.

For writing the title of the report, you can also use CAPITAL letters, boldface. The name does not allow hyphenation, and there should not be any prepositions of "hanging" at the end of the line.

Paragraph indent on the cover page is not used.

The page number is not set, but is taken into account.

The table of contents follows immediately behind the cover page, contains information about sections and subsections of the report and the pages on which they are located. Font Times New Roman 14 pt, both uppercase and lowercase letters are allowed. It is allowed not to make out the content, if the text of the report is small in volume and is not divided into sections.

More information will be in the next article.

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Design of the structural elements of the essay

Before you start writing an essay you need to think about a plan. For this, you need to know what parts it consists of. Despite the fact that this genre implies complete freedom of creativity, certain requirements for the design of essays still exist. The structural elements of the essay include:

title page;

the text of the essay;

bibliography.

Design of cover page

Correct design of work implies the presence of a title page with the indication of the topic, author, educational institution, leader, place and time of implementation. The word "Essay", which is located in the middle of the page, is often written in a larger font, compared with the rest of the text.

Introduction

Any written work has an introduction that is designed to introduce the reader into the course of the problem, to interest the topic. The reader should not have questions about the topic, its relevance and significance. It is necessary to maintain a logical connection between the introduction of the essay and the main part.

Attention! The introduction of the essay is not posted on a separate page and does not have a title.

Main part

Next, it is necessary to logically and consistently give arguments, revealing the stated subject. It is recommended to actively use the opinions of various scientists, citations and situations from life. The quotations used must be enclosed in quotation marks and contain a reference to the source, indicating the authorship, the year of publication and the page of the location of the quoted phrase. Information on the source (link) can be given in parentheses under the text or in square brackets indicating the sequence number of the source in the list of references. Each statement should be accompanied by an explanation and an example. At the end of each section with the approval there should be a conclusion or a final judgment.

Conclusion

In the final part, the problem is re-voiced, all judgments are generalized from the main part, and a general conclusion based on the author's position is made.

Remember! Like the introduction, the conclusion is not written on a separate page and does not indicate the word "Conclusion" in the title.

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How to draw an essay correctly - from general rules to real examples

Often educational institutions put forward their requirements for the design of written works. It is advisable to navigate and follow the standard rules of design: use the font Times New Roman, 14 size, interval 1.5.

Pagination In the text, end-to-end numbering is applied, the page is not displayed on the title page, but when numbering is taken into account.

Subtitles In the main part of the essay, subheadings can be used, which are allowed in bold. Subheadings should be printed with a paragraph indent, with a capital letter, without a dot at the end of the subtitle and without using underscores.

Graphic material In the main part of the essay can be present diagrams, diagrams, tables. All figures and tables are numbered, and their name is located in the middle of the line (Figure 1 - Name, Table 1 - Title). The name of the picture is written under the picture, and the name of the table is above the table.

Registration of the list of literature Among the sources used, it is desirable to indicate monographs, conference proceedings and scientific articles in periodicals. The list of literature is compiled in accordance with established standards.

Conclusions To properly draw an essay, you need to know the basic rules. The hardest part is the title page. In general, the design of the essay has a significant similarity with other written works: coursework and abstracts. In this article we have brought all the necessary rules for writing an essay.

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What the essay on history consists of

The first stage in writing a historical work is the choice of a period in history and the definition of its features. At the beginning of the essay, you should indicate what characterizes this period, its specifics, and then select relevant facts.

Historical facts

Facts in history are divided into historical and scientific-historical. The first are those that really took place in history, which have an objective and localized in time and space. Scientific and historical facts usually reflect the opinions of scientists, their conclusions about historical events, based on historical sources.

When selecting facts, it is necessary not only to list the events that took place in the described period, but to highlight the main, most significant events that fully correspond to and reflect the specifics of the period.

Evaluation knowledge

Further it is required to reflect the estimated knowledge of the subject, which are manifested in the knowledge of various scientific points of view, versions of the description of historical events and phenomena. The estimation takes into account the depth of the disclosure of the question and the reasoning of the judgments.

Characteristics of the historical personality One of the criteria of evaluation is the description of the historical personality. However, to obtain a high score, it is not enough to simply describe the person's activity, even very detailed and detailed. In the assignment it is required to describe the role of these historical persons in a particular period, relying on historical facts. The fulfillment of this particular requirement makes it possible to evaluate the essay by this criterion to a higher score.

Causal relationships

The ability to identify cause-effect relationships is also one of the criteria of a good historical essay. All historical events or phenomena give rise to other events and phenomena, and they themselves, at the same time, were born of certain events and phenomena. The student should be able to analyze the facts, establish the causes and consequences, draw the appropriate conclusions, which is really quite a complicated mental work. In this case, an important role is played by the available knowledge of all the facts relating to the described period, their chronological sequence. It is necessary to build a logical scheme or chain of events, sequentially linked with each other. Most often, the event provokes several reasons. In this case it is necessary to be able to distinguish the most significant events.

Typical errors: incorrect allocation of primary causes and least important; substitution of the disclosure of the cause by the description of the fact; the description of the facts without comprehending the cause-effect relationships.

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Structure of study papers

The transition from the introduction to the main part should be smooth with introductory words, so that the difference in the transition from onepart to the other is not noticeable. Further it is necessary to substantiate the essence of the problem and the personal attitude to it. If you raise aquestion, then in the essay you should try to find the answer to it, or bring your statement. It is necessary to justify your point of view, comparing it with the opinion of the author.

The main part can contain examples from life that are related to the topic. If life experience is not enough, then one can take the history of thedevelopment of a question from a literary work. Here it is important to indicate how such problems were solved in life, and to what effect this resulted. It is appropriate to give quotes, use proverbs, if only the information pertains to the topic under consideration. The conclusion should contain generalization of information and conclusion.