Hijs

Music Production at Leeds Beckett

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Microphone Types

The Dynamic Mic

general upper frequency limit of 16KHz - not great for cymbals, bells, or the upper frequencies of pianos and guitars

typically cardioid pattern - the proximity effect can be a problem so often has a roll-off around 100Hz

not very sensitive - good for loud sources, otherwise better types

E.G. Shure SM57

The Condenser Mic

much better for quiet sources or sounds with a lot of top-end detail

E.G. AKG c1000, AKG 300b

SOURCE: No author given. 1998. Mic Types and Characteristics. Sound on Sound [Online] Available at http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/apr98/articles/mic_types.html [Accessed 02 December 2014]

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Close-Miking an Acoustic Piano

Pianos have an extremely wide frequency range (26Hz - 20KHz+). This means dynamic microphones won't pick up the highest frequencies very well, and will also blunt the percussive edge of the piano's sound. 

Directional microphones have trouble with the low end compared to omnidirectional ones, and exhibit the proximity effect which makes it difficult to get an even sound. The actual size of the instrument also favours omnidirectional mics, unless you are looking for the sound of a specific part within the piano. A possible solution is two coincidental directional mics.

Avoid large-diaphragm cardioids, as most of the sound will be coming off axis and these guys don't work well like that. Use a small-diaphragm with good off-axis characteristics - omni or figure-of-8 polar patterns are best.

SUMMARY: use a small diaphragm condenser with good off-axis response  for best results

SOURCE: Senior, M. 2008. Piano Recording: All you need to know to capture a great acoustic piano sound. Sound On Sound [Online] Available at http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/jan08/articles/pianorecording_0108.htm [Accessed 02 December 2014]

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