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We heard that people sacrifice themselves for love but we saw it happening in 14th February 2019 Pulwama attack when 40 soldiers sacrificed themselves in the lap of their motherland.

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वी.के पैक वेल के साथ शुरू करे खुद का व्यापार वो बिना किसी निवेश के

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V.K Pack Well Pvt. Ltd

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जैविक खेती क्या है? फायदे, नुकसान की संपूर्ण जानकारी- V.K Jaivik kheti

भारत में जैविक खेती (Jaivik kheti) करने के लिए एक सकारात्मक माहौल बन रहा है जैविक खेती के फायदे और नुकसान जानिए

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V.K Pack Well Pvt. Ltd

Waste decomposer has been discovered from cow dung. It contains micro-organisms, which feed on crop residues, dung, organic waste and multiply rapidly, forming a chain where they are fed, which decomposes the dung and waste into compost within a few days. , when applied in the soil, controls the number of harmful, disease-causing germs present in the soil. Dr. Jagat Singh, assistant director of the center explains.

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ग्रो बैग क्या है ? ग्रो बैग प्लास्टिक मटेरियल से निर्मित बैग होता है जिसका इस्तेमाल खेती के लिए किया जाता है। इस बैग में मिट्टी एवं जैविक खा

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V.K Pack Well Pvt. Ltd

Organic farming is a sustainable farming system that maintains the long-term fertility of the land and uses limited land resources to produce high quality nutritious food. It is the combined result of the development of biological technology, knowledge of multiple sciences, crop breeding, animal husbandry and ecology etc.

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What is irrigation? What are its types and what are its main sources

Irrigation is the act of artificially watering the soil to increase the amount of water available in it and is usually used to meet the water requirements of plants during crop growing, in dry areas or in the absence of sufficient rainfall. . Apart from this, it is also used in the field of agriculture for the following reasons:-

to protect the crop from frost,

preventing the soil from drying out and becoming hard (consolidation),

To control the growth of weeds in paddy fields, etc.

The agriculture which is completely dependent on rainfall for its water requirements is called rain-fed agriculture. Irrigation is often studied in conjunction with drainage, which refers to the natural or artificial removal of water from the surface or subsurface of an area.

irrigation methods

The following methods of irrigation are used in India:-

cut or break method

This method is used in the irrigation of paddy fields in low land, while it is also used in some other crops. The water is released through the drain into the field without any control. It spreads throughout the field without any direction. For economic use of water, the area of ​​a field is 0.1 to 0.2 ha.

Advantages of the Break Method

1. It saves time. 2. Suitable for high water requirement crop.

plate method

It is similar to Nakbar or Kyari method but in Kyari method the entire bed is filled with water whereas in this method water is poured only in the plates around the trees. Generally these plates are round in shape, sometimes they are also square.

When the trees are small, the plates become smaller and their size increases with the age of the trees. These plates are connected to the irrigation channel.

Nakbar or Kyari method

It is the most common method of surface irrigation methods. In this method, the field is divided into small beds, around which small bunds are made, water is poured from the main drain into the drain of the field one after the other, each drain of the field supplies water to two rows of beds. Is. rain irrigation system This method is used in those fields which are large in size and leveling of the whole field is a problem.

In this situation, the field is divided into several strips and these strips are divided into small beds by bunds. Is. This is a suitable method for crops grown nearby, such as peanuts, wheat, small food grains, mercury grass, etc. Its demerits are workers are more involved in it,

In this method, water is gradually delivered drop by drop or in the form of small sprays through thin plastic tubes to the plants by means of instruments called ammeters or applicators. This method is used in places with severe shortage of irrigation water. Mainly it is used in coconut, [(grape)], banana, plum, lime species, sugarcane, cotton, maize, tomato, brinjal and plantation crops.

sprinkler irrigation

In this method, the water in the spring is carried to the field under pressure and sprayed like raindrops in the whole field by automatic sprinkler machine. It is also called over head irrigation. There are many types of sprinklers available. The Center Pivot System is the largest sprinkler system which can irrigate an area of ​​100 hectares by a single machine.

water sources

River

This is the surface method of water source. under which irrigation is done.

Canal

A canal is a man-made structure for water transport and transfer. The word canal refers to a waterway which is not natural but man-made. Mainly it is used to transport water from one place to another for agriculture. The share of canals in irrigation is 31.1%

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Using the right terrace gardening techniques

Do you know why terrace farming is important? Are the fruits and vegetables we eat fresh, really nutritious for us? Probably not, but we are eating these fruits and vegetables as healthy. Because we don’t have enough time to figure out where vegetables and fruits come from and how they are grown? By the time they come to our house from the farm, many of the nutrients of these vegetables have been exhausted and they are not fresh.

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TOMATO CULTIVATION GUIDE - BEGINNERS:

Tomatoes are a warm-season crop. They require a warm climate. High humidity and frost can cause damage to the plants. Light intensity also affects fruit set, pigmentation, and colour. Negative climatic conditions can have a significant impact on the plant. Different climatic conditions are required for seed germination and seedling growth, flower set, fruit quality, and seedling growth. Below 100C and above 385C can adversely affect plant tissues, thereby slowing down physiological activities. It can thrive at temperatures between 100C and 300C, with an optimal temperature range of 21-240C. It is not recommended to have a mean temperature of below 160C or above 270C. It can't withstand frost and needs low to moderate rainfall. The average monthly temperature is 21 to 230C. Avoid long periods of dryness and water stress as this can cause cracking of the fruits. Bright sunlight at the time when fruit are set is important for dark-colored fruits.

TOMATO CULTIVATION TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS:

StagesTemperature ( 0CMinIt is suitableMaxSeed germination1116-2934Seedling growth1821-2432Fruit set (day)(night)1015-17301820-2430Red colour development1020-2430

TOMATO CULTIVATION REQUIREMENTS:

Although tomatoes can tolerate most soils, rain pipe they do best in sandy loams that are well-drained and well-drained. The soil's upper layer should be porous and have little clay. Healthy crops require soil depths of 15-20 cm. Deep tillage is possible in clay soils. This allows for good root penetration. Tolerant to a wide pH range, tomato is moderately sensitive. Preferable pH range is 5.5 to 6.8. Tomato plants can tolerate more acidic soils provided they have adequate nutrients and are available. Tomato can tolerate soils with pH 5.5 or higher. For tomato cultivation, soils that have adequate water holding capacity and aeration are recommended. Due to their high moisture content and nutritional deficiencies, soils with high levels of organic matter should not be used for tomato cultivation. However, organic matter can be added to mineral soils to increase yield.

TOMATO CULTIVATION: CHOICE OF SEEDS

Seeds that have been damaged or diseased after production are to be thrown out. Seeds for sowing must be free of inert matter. Seeds are chosen for sowing because they germinate quickly, are bold and uniform in size and shape. Hybrid seeds of F1 generation are ideal for sowing because they yield high yielding, uniform fruitsy seeds that are resistant to adverse environmental conditions.

TOMATO CULTIVATION GUIDE - BEGINNERS:

Tomatoes are a warm-season crop. They require a warm climate. High humidity and frost can cause damage to the plants. Light intensity also affects fruit set, pigmentation, and colour. Negative climatic conditions can have a significant impact on the plant. Different climatic conditions are required for seed germination and seedling growth, flower set, fruit quality, and seedling growth. Below 100C and above 385C can adversely affect plant tissues, resulting in a slowing down of physiological activities. It can thrive at temperatures between 100C and 300C, with an optimal temperature range of 21-240C. It is not recommended to have a mean temperature of below 160C or above 270C. It can't withstand frost and needs low to moderate rainfall. The average monthly temperature is 21 to 230C. Avoid long periods of dryness and water stress as this can cause cracking of the fruits. Bright sunlight at the time when fruit are set is important for dark-colored fruits. pmksy 2021 given more benificai for tomato cultivation

TOMATO CULTIVATION TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENTS:

StagesTemperature ( 0CMinIt is suitableMaxSeed germination1116-2934Seedling growth1821-2432Fruit set (day) (Night)1015-17301820-2430Red colour development1020-2430

TOMATO CULTIVATION REQUIREMENTS:

Although tomatoes can tolerate most soil types, they do best in sandy loams that are well-drained and well-drained. The soil's upper layer should be porous and have little clay. what is terrace farming Healthy crops require soil depths of 15-20 cm. Deep tillage is possible in clay soils. This allows for good root penetration. Tolerant to a wide pH range, tomato is moderately sensitive. Preferable pH range is 5.5 to 6.8. Tomato plants can tolerate more acidic soils provided they have adequate nutrients and are available. Tomato can tolerate soils with pH 5.5 or higher. For tomato cultivation, soils that have adequate water holding capacity and aeration are recommended. Due to their high moisture content and nutritional deficiencies, soils with high levels of organic matter should not be used for tomato cultivation. However, organic matter can be added to mineral soils to increase yield.

TOMATO CULTIVATION: CHOICE OF SEEDS

After seed production, diseased, broken seeds are discarded. The seeds for sowing should be free from inert matter. Early germinating, bold, uniform in shape and size, seeds are selected for sowing. Hybrid seeds from F1 generation are advantageous for sowing as it gives early and high yield uniform fruity, resistant to adverse environmental conditions.

TIME OF PLANTING TOMATO CULTIVATION

Tomatoes are a day-neutral plant, so they can be grown at any time of the year.

Three crops can be grown in the northern plains, but rabi crops cannot be planted in areas that have been affected by frost. In the northern plains, the kharif crop can be transplanted in July; the rabi crop can be planted in October -November and the zaid crop in February.

If there is no frost danger in the southern plains, the first transplanting takes place in December-January. The second is June-July and the third is September-October, depending on the irrigation options.

TOMATO SEED and SOWING:

You can usually grow tomato by planting seedlings along ridges or furrows. Transplanting tomato seedlings is difficult if they are exposed to the elements or without irrigation. It is necessary to plant seeds at a rate of 400-500g/ha. Thiram is used at 3g per kg of seed to prevent seed-borne diseases. The growth and yield of tomatoes was improved by seed treatment with B. naphthoxyacetic (BNOA), gibberllic (GA3) at 25-50 ppm, and B. naphthoxyacetic (BNOA), at 10-20 ppm. For the autumn winter crop, seeds should be sown between June and July. Spring summer crops can be sown between November and December. For the hills, seeds are sown between March and April. For the autumn winter crop, 75x60cm is recommended and 75x45cm for the spring crop.

MANURING FOR TOMATO CULLTIVATION

Mix well the rotten farmyard manure / compost at 20-25 t/ha during land preparation. You may apply fertilizer at 75:40 and 25 kg N:P 5:K2O/ha. As a basal treatment before transplanting, half the amount of nitrogen, full-phosphorous and half of the potash can be used. A quarter of the nitrogen and half of the potash can be applied between 20 and 30 days after planting. You can apply the remaining amount two months after planting.

TRANSPLANTING TOMATO CULTIVATION

Depending on the availability of irrigation, transplants are done in small flatbeds or shallow furrows.

It is best to transplant seedlings in heavy soil on ridges.

Indeterminate varieties/hybrids require that the seedlings be staked with bamboo sticks measuring two meters in length. They can also be planted on a broad ridge measuring 90 cm in width and 15cm in height. The seedlings should be planted in the furrows with a spacing of 30cm. rain pipe Once the plant has spread, it is allowed to grow on the broad ridge.

SPACING FOR TOMATO CULLTIVATION:

For the autumn-winter crop,rain pipe the spacing is 75x60 cm and 75x45 cm for the spring-summer crop.

NURSERY PREPARATION & CARE:

Ideal seedbed dimensions should be 60cm in width, 5-6cm in length and 20-25cm tall. The seedbed should be cleared of stubbles and clods. Fine sand and sieved FYM should be added to the seedbed. Turn them until they are finely tilth. Fytolon/Dithane 45 @ 2-2.5g/lit water. The lines should be drawn 10-15cm apart along the entire length of the seedbed. Place the seeds in thin lines. Press gently and cover the seedbed with fine sand. Use rose water to water the garden. Till the seeds germinate, water the seedbed two times a day. After the seeds germinate, remove the straw. Thimet can be applied at the 4-5th leaf stage. Spray the seedlings at 4-5 leaf stage with Metasystox/Thiodan @ 22.5 ml/lit Water and Dithane 45 @ 22.5 g/lit Water.

WEED CONTROL IN TOMATO CULTIVATION

Light hoeing is necessary during the first four weeks of the field. This will encourage growth and remove weeds. Hand hoeing is used to loosen the surface soil as soon as it has dried enough from any irrigations or showers. This process should also remove all weeds.

Mulching straw, black polythene, and other materials can be beneficial for moisture conservation and controlling some diseases.

FERTILIZERS USED IN TOMATO CULTIVATION

Because fruit quality and production depend on nutrient availability, balance fertilizer is applied according to the requirement. A good amount of nitrogen can improve fruit quality, size, color, and taste. It can also increase the acidic flavor. A proper amount of potassium is essential for quality, growth, and yield. Mono Ammonium Phosphate may be used to provide adequate phosphorus for seedling and germination. It is important to ensure that calcium is available in order to regulate soil pH and nutrients. Sandy soils require more fertilizer and frequent application due to the increased loss of essential nutrients. The seedlings are treated with vk rain pipe a starter solution of micronutrient. Incorporate farm yard manure @ 50 tonne per hectare before planting. To grow tomatoes, 120kg nitrogen (N), 50kg phosphorous (P2O5) and 50kg potash (K2O) are required. Split doses of nitrogen should be used. Half-Nitrogen and full P2O5 are given at transplantation. The remaining nitrogen is given after 30 and 60 days. To ensure that essential nutrients are present in the correct amounts and proportions, soil and tissue analysis should be done throughout the growing and production seasons. The following information can be found in the tissue analysis of a plant that is nutritionally sufficient . in the case heavy rain going on then you requires trapaulin for covered the tomato plants

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Which is the biggest irrigation project of Karnataka?

Ramthal, located in Bagalkot District of Karnataka, is the largest automatic single drip irrigation system. It also houses the largest community-based single drip irrigation program. It includes 2150 km pipeline that will cover approximately 60,000 acres of drought-stricken hungund in Bagalkot district, Karnataka.

Problems encountered:

Farmers face many difficulties due to insufficient water resources, especially those with holdings that were not able to grow 1 crop per year.

Procedure:

The area to be irrigated was approximately 60,000 acres (24,000 ha). It was then divided into 2 packages. These zones were again divided into high and low pressure zones. Some smaller zones of 50 ha were also created. Each 50-hectare sub-block could have 10 irrigation shifts. In each shift, 2 to 3 farmers could be irrigated. The project will use water from Narayanpur Reservoir, Krishna river near the moral village. Water is transported from the intake channel to the jackwell and from there to to the delivery chamber.

The water from the first stage canal is moved to another delivery chamber, where it is pumped to a sump and built a pump house. East and West zones had 10 variable pressure pumps ranging from 232 to 300kW each. The water was then supplied via bulk HDP water supply pipes to a primary head control unit. A primary control unit is located on every 500-acre area. Water is filtered and channeled here.

Each primary control unit includes automatic filters controls, NMC controllers for irrigation scheduling, and radionet controllers for solenoid valve. The water is filtered and then carried through PVC pipes to the secondary head control unit for assembly of solenoid valves. The water finally reaches the fertigation unit where fertilizers are mixed with water. Water is then supplied to the field via emitting pipes.

PROJECT BENEFITS:

This project will decrease water consumption, pesticide use, cost, and increase yields from farmers. The technology used in this project will also purify the backwater of the river Krishna.

Mega drip irrigation will be a benefit to more than 15,000 farmers. It will also help prevent the loss of agricultural land.

Credit: This project uses large-scale Israeli technology. Netafim (Israeli company) is the primary equipment manufacturer in drip irrigation technology. It's clear that it's a boost for the Indian rain pipe irrigation system.

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MODERN METHOD OF IRRIGATION

Modern irrigation techniques are effective in crop production with spacing (closed spacing/wide spacing) that save water, use agro chemicals, fertilizer and minimize the incidence of disease. This also increases quality and yield. Modern irrigation methods such as drip/ sprinkler/ rain pipe/ central pivot irrigation allow for early sowing and harvest.

Water is not lost or seeped through emitting pipes/laterals. Water application efficiency is very high. Modern irrigation systems can be installed on both the surface and sub-surface, depending on the type of crop. Venturi can be used to apply fertigation that increases crop yield.

Modern irrigation systems have become automated in recent years. Automation can be used to reconfigure frequency-based units, time-based units and volume-based units. Sensor-based irrigation can be used to tap real-time crop water needs. You can store month-wise, crop-wise, and day wise irrigation schedules and logs to aid in analysis and crop planning.

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V.K Rain irrigation system

V.K. Rain pipe irrigation is a substitute for sprinkler irrigation. It sprays the same water to crops as sprinkler irrigation. It is made from HDPE fabric (High Density Polyethylene).

V.K. has no clogging problems Rain Pipe. It is more durable than other rain pipes.

V.K. Rainpipe is easy to assemble and move. It reduces energy and water consumption by more than 50% The appropriate water pressure V.K. Rain Pipe can spray up 10 to 15 feet from each side.

V.K. Rain Pipe needed 2 kg. Water pressure. It is durable, lightweight, and versatile for farmers.

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What is a tarpaulin made of plastic? Plastic tarpaulins are the most common.

V.K HDPE Tarpaulin is a nylon infused with silicone. It is extremely lightweight. It can be stretched out of shape if it becomes too wet.

Mesh is a type of canvas tarpaulins, but it's usually made of nylon. They allow moisture to escape and can be used to block light winds. They are not waterproof, and cannot protect you/things from the elements (rain or snow).

Cotton-Poly/Rip-Stop Tarpaulin. This canvas type tarp is made from a combination of synthetic polyester and natural cotton fibers. It's waterproof, breathable, and tear-proof. But, colored Cotton Poly canvas can be run.

Polypropylen Tirpal is a propene polymer (basically, a type of plastic). It is woven, but water cannot pass through it.It is lightweight, affordable and durable. The UV treated polypropylene tarpaulins won't rot and will retain their color. You can use them for a variety of purposes .

HDPE Tarpaulin is the same material used to make clothes. When treated with a later PU, polyester tarpaulins are waterproof. These light sheets can be noisy in the wind, however.

V.K Tarpaulin is strong and can withstand a variety of weather conditions. It is less prone to rips, and can be used for almost anything.

Polyethylene Tarpaulin is a waterproof, coated strong plastic. Lightweight and affordable. Useful for sheltering and covering.

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what is vermicomposting

Vermicomposting or worm composting turns kitchen scraps into rich soil that smells and feels like earth. It is almost entirely made of worm castings and it is a kind of super compost. It's rich in nutrients and contains the microorganisms necessary to create and maintain healthy soil. Clemson University Extension lists these benefits in their article about worm composting.

Provides nutrients for the soil

Increases soil's ability hold nutrients in plant-available forms

Improves soil structure

Improves the drainage and aeration of clay soils.

Sand soils have a higher water retention capacity.

provides numerous beneficial bacteria

Vermicompost can be used to top-dress the most deserving and demanding plants, as it is usually only made in small quantities. It can be mixed with regular compost to give garden soil a boost. It can be mixed with potting soil to give plants a boost. Properly made vermicompost is mildly scented and suitable for indoor use.

vermicompost bed for vermicompost process

It's easy to turn table scraps into valuable vermicompost bed when you have the right supplies and worm bins. Planet Natural offers everything you need: worms and a container, as well as books to help you get started. Let's get rotten!

A worm bin generally requires little maintenance. Worms can be a low-maintenance household friend. They do not need to be fed daily, make no noise and only require their bins to be cleaned once every three to six month. These worms can be a great learning opportunity for children. They not only teach them biology, but also provide an environment lesson. It's not just good for the plants to compost with worms. It is also beneficial for the environment. It helps keep food waste and organic material out our trash and reduces the need for landfills. It's no surprise that it is encouraged by the state, county, or city municipalities who handle waste disposal and its costs in dollars as well as environmental damage. Spokane, Washington provides information (PDF) on worm composting to encourage residents to try it. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada has a page on City Farmer News. It not only provides a how-to video but also provides worm bins for residents. You can even call the hotline to get composting information. California also has an interactive animated game that teaches vermicomposting basics and benefits. It's called The Adventures of Vermibed the Worm.

You will need to have worms, a container and bedding, in addition to the readily available kitchen scraps. Planet Natural has all you need for starting a composting garden.

Your family's kitchen waste will determine the size of your worm container and how many you can use. Keep track of how many suitable wastes you produce for at least a week to determine the size of your vermicomposting system.

vermicompost process

While "A worm, a worm, and a worm are a worm," may be a good summary of your thoughts, not all worms are created equal. You shouldn't use your garden-variety night creepers. To survive, they must worm their way through dirt and not eat organic waste. Many of the smaller worms that are found in your garden are not suitable. Lumbricus terrestris is the most common. L. terrestris, which is also adaptable, is a deep-soil dweller, while vermicomposting worms are litter-dwellers who do not require or want to dig more than a few feet.

Eisenia foetida worms are needed for composting. Also known as red wigglers or brandling worms, they can be found in the genus Eisenia foetida. E. foetida can eat up to its entire weight in garbage per day, will reproduce rapidly, and will survive many different feeding conditions. Composting bins will also be a good choice for Lumbricus rubellus, which are manure worms. You can be sure that your bin's worms will thrive and do the job you ask them to.

How many red wigglers do you need? Experts in vermiculture recommend a one to one ratio: one pound worms, roughly 1,000 worms to one pound garbage daily. Mary Appelhof is also the author of Worms Eat My Garbage. She recommends two pounds worth of worms per pound of garbage.

Another thing to remember is that worms multiply just like rabbits. It could be that worms multiply like rabbits! They can multiply every 90 days if they are given enough food and a home. It is possible to start slowly and get fewer worms that you need. The resulting worm population explosion can be overwhelming.

Bins

A good worm composting container is simple to use and highly efficient. There are many fine commercial bins that you can choose from.

The trays in a stacked worm box are used in succession. Each tray is placed on the next line after the previous one has filled up with compost. The trays are designed to allow worms to migrate up to the next level. Once they have finished with the current tray, they can take it out and empty it. Then, the new one can be placed at the top of each stack. It doesn't attract worms if it is empty. Worms will only move in if there is food waste.

Homemade bins

It is possible to make simple bins from wood or plastic. Because worms don't like light, it is important that the material is opaque. It is not necessary to have a tight fitting lid. Worms aren't likely to escape their quarters. Tight fitting lids cut-off ventilation. However, it is essential to have some kind of cover to protect from the sun and keep out moisture.

The size of your bin will depend on how many worms you have and how much garbage you want to recycle. There are a few structural rules that apply to all. First, worms need more floor space than they do head room. Commercial bins that appear tall are usually made up of multiple shallow trays, stacked on top one another. A bin that is only 12-18 inches (30-40cm) in depth should be sufficient for a single room. Drainage and ventilation are essential. These plans (PDF), are for a functional wooden bin made by the folks at Seattle Tilth. You can find more general ideas for bins, such as using a plastic storage container as a bin on this University of Nebraska Extension page.

Because worms are sensitive to light and noise, they often prefer a corner of the basement. They can survive in temperatures of 55-77 degrees F (13deg-25degC). Most basements will be suitable. It is possible to keep worms bins outdoors during summer, provided they are kept in shade. There are many ways to keep a bin of worms in your kitchen or living room. Bins can also be taken inside to keep warm during winter months in colder areas.

Bedding

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You will need to provide the right bedding for your worms. It should take up about one-third to one half of your bin. Remember that worms love water so their bedding should contain at least 75 percent water. You can make bedding from newspaper strips, shredded grocery bags, cardboard or egg cartons (no glossy papers), composted manure or old leaves, coconut cocoa coir or a combination of all of these materials. Make sure the material you use is safe for the worms. They will eat your table scraps as well as the bedding. You can use cardboard or paper to make your work easier. After separating the material into small pieces, wring them thoroughly. Bedding should be damp, but not wet.

Add a few handfuls of dirt and some crushed eggshells to half-fill the box. The dirt is roughage. You can also add a small amount of cornstarch or sand to the box. The eggshells are calcium. As you place the bedding in the bed, fluff it up. You need to provide a space for the worms to burrow. This will help keep insects and odors away.

Introduce the Worms

Once the bedding and bin are set, make a depression in the bedding and place the worms inside it. You can then leave the worms in the bedding with the lid closed or askew, and a low overhead light. They will burrow under the bedding if they are exposed to light. Allow the worms to adjust for at least a week before you feed them. Too soon and the food will rot and smell, which is not a good start for your new venture. Make sure you bury your food in the bedding, not just spread it on top. Leave them alone for at least a week. Then, check to see if they are eating, and adjust the quantities.

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One of the most popular composts is vermicompost.

Vermicompost is compost that has been made using earthworms. These earthworms live in soil and eat organic matter. Eisenia foetida is the most common earthworm species. Eudrilus Eugeniae is also a popular choice.

Vermicompost can be prepared in many different ways.

Vermicompost is one of the most versatile.

what is vermicomposting

Basic raw material: Organic material that is grown in the farm, such as leaf fall. Avoid paddy husk and marigold.

Starter:cowdung or biogas slurry, or urine from cattle

Procedure

You can prepare it either in a pit or heap method. It measures 10x4x2feet. You can increase or decrease the length depending on the material, but not the depth.

1st Layer - 1''thick bedding material

Second layer: 9'' thick organic residues finely chaffed

Layer 3:Dung + water equal mixture of the 2''layer

Turning and subsequent staking ensure that proper moisture and temperature are maintained. The 24th day is when 4000 worms will be introduced (1m2=2000worms).

Favorable conditions

pH 6.5-7.5

Moisture:60-70%

Aeration:50% of total pore space

Temperature:18-35degc

Harvesting

Before harvest, stop watering. The compost can be heaped by removing the balls. Next, the material will be sieved in a 2mm sieve.

Take care

Protecting against termites, ants and other pests

Avoid high temperatures

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How India's Digital Rupee will work

e-RUPI

E-rupee is a cashless or to say digital payment system. This will be available to the beneficiaries in the form of SMS string or QR code. It will be like a gift voucher. No credit or debit card is required to redeem it. It will be redeemed even without mobile app or internet banking.

It can be used exactly like a cash transaction. Yes, it will not have a physical interface. You will get digital currency from Reserve Bank. You can send it to whomever you want to transfer. This currency will neither go to any wallet nor to any bank account. The process is like cash, but will be digital. There will be no intermediary bank or any other wallet in between.

How Digital Rupee Will Be Different From Cryptocurrency

Bitcoin was launched as a cryptocurrency only in the year 2009. With the passage of time, many cryptocurrencies like Ether, Dogecoin, WazirX came in the market. Investment in it also started in the last few years and grew rapidly.

But, cryptocurrency is absolutely private. Not under government monitoring. Anonymous people are investing. At times, claims are also made that people involved in terrorist activities or illegally transacting money are using it. Its value is also not stable and there is always a fear that when government agencies will take action on it.

The digital rupee will be monitored by the central banks of the countries rain pipe. If India's central bank is the Reserve Bank, then e-RUPI will remain under its supervision. There is no concern about security with this. Then there is no limit on the quantity. It is being claimed that the value of one rupee coin and digital rupee will be equal.

How to believe that digital payments have increased worldwide?

A report by World Pay and FIS states that about 40% of e-commerce payments in India were made through digital wallets.

Talking about Britain, the share of banknotes in payments will be about 91% in the coming 7 years.

In Sweden, 50% of retailers will stop taking cash payments in the next 4 years.

In South Korea, 96% of payments are going cashless.