Note: this applies to media with an ONGOING, OVERARCHING WAR/CONFLICT. Examples not listed include Attack on Titan and One Piece.
I know that “child soldier” means different things and does not apply to every child in combat. For the purposes of this study, I use the term “child soldier” to mean the United Nations’ definition:
"A child associated with an armed force or armed group" refers to any person below 18 years of age who is or who has been recruited or used by an armed force or armed group in any capacity, including but not limited to children, boys and girls, used as fighters, cooks, porters, spies or for sexual purposes. It does not only refer to a child who is taking or has taken a direct part in hostilities” (United Nations 2007).
The age of majority in the media discussed is fuzzy, considering that many of the children in them are orphans or are under extenuating circumstances. I will be using 18 years old as a marker of adulthood. Edward and Alphonse Elric are children. Sokka is a child. Age, not responsibility or attitude, is a marker of adulthood.
One end is Avatar. On this end is media where
- characters who are children are explicitly forbidden/discouraged from participating in conflict (repeatedly told “you’re too young for this”, “let the adults handle it”, etc)
- Adult characters that train or encourage children to participate in conflict are seen as being in the wrong, with the exceptions of those adults who acknowledge that they have no choice but to do so/are training them for the sake of the child’s safety (Iroh teaching Zuko to deflect lightning)
- Adult characters that hurt children purposely are treated as irredeemable by the narrative and children are NOT acceptable targets
In the middle we have Full Metal Alchemist. In this category is media in which:
- Characters that are children are not explicitly encouraged or discouraged from participating in combat. It may be treated as an exception or as a necessary evil. Children are still allowed to act immature and befitting their ages. Edward and Alphonse are exceptional because they are so young, not because of their talent.
- Adult characters that train or encourage children to take part in combat are sympathetic. Adults that disapprove of this are also sympathetic. Roy Mustang and Winry’s grandmother are equal in aiding the protagonists and are both “heroic” despite being on opposite sides of this issue ideologically.
- Children that are actively in combat or are hostile to opponents are regarded as acceptable targets, but otherwise are not acceptable.
On the other end we have Naruto. In this category:
- the continuation of the overarching conflict is totally reliant on recruitment and training of child soldiers. It is widely accepted in society and promotion to elite ranks/early development of lethal skills is only met positively. Without a constant flow of new recruits, the conflict cannot continue.
- Adult characters that train/encourage children to take part in combat are almost exclusively heroic and adults that are against it are almost exclusively treated as weak, cowardly, or evil.
- children are acceptable targets regardless of whether or not they are hostile. Children may be the target of assassination attempts, hit operations, etc.