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@queenhadestho-blog
An adult with financial stability
Yeah I take X- for my Diabetes Type II.
Xultophy is a product from the European Medical Agency. It is an insulin injection, meant to assist blood glucose levels for those who are unsatisfied in the way their medications are not aiding them enough. It is now on the market as a pre-filled, disposable pen only obtained with a prescription. This drug is only taken once a day using the lowest effective dose according to the blood sugar levels the patient has. There are two active substances contributing to the efficacy of Xultophy- Insulin degludec and liraglutide. Insulin degludec is meant to act as a replacement for the natural insulin in the body and assists in glucose entering cells from the blood. With the glucose being produced, this lessens the symptoms of diabetes and minimizes its risks. Because of its synthetic nature, it is absorbed slower than human insulin, therefore the beneficial effects last longer.
The other active substance is liraglutide. This belongs to a class of diabetes medicine known as GLP- 1 agonists. It works the same as the bacteria in the intestines called incretins by increasing the release of insulin produces by the pancreas in response to food, resulting in the control of glucose.
 Xultophy had 3 studies before being placed on the market. The following are the results of the trial, provided by Novo Nordisk and evaluated by the European Union. This information was last updated on November 17th, 2017
· The first study involved 1,663 patients whose diabetes was not adequately controlled with the diabetes medicines metformin or metformin and pioglitazone taken by mouth; adding Xultophy to their treatment was compared with adding either of its active substances, insulin degludec or liraglutide. The average HbA1c level, which was 8.3% at the start, fell to 6.4% after 26 weeks of treatment with Xultophy, compared with 6.9% and 7.0% respectively with insulin degludec and liraglutide.
· The second study involved 413 patients whose blood glucose was not adequately controlled by insulin and metformin with or without other diabetes medicines taken by mouth. Treatment with Xultophy and metformin was compared with treatment using insulin degludec and metformin. Average HbA1c at the start was 8.7% in the Xultophy group, and fell after 26 weeks of treatment to 6.9%. In the group using insulin degludec it fell from 8.8% to 8.0%.
· The third study involved 438 patients whose blood glucose was not adequately controlled by a combination of a GLP-1 agonist (liraglutide or exenatide) and metformin with or without other diabetes medicines taken by mouth. Patients in the study either continued with their current treatment or received Xultophy instead of the GLP-1 agonist. Average HbA1c was 7.8% before patients started to receive Xultophy, and fell after 26 weeks of treatment to 6.4%. In the group that kept on receiving the GLP-1 agonist, it fell from 7.7% to 7.4%.
Xultophy insulin degludec / liraglutide.†European Medicines Agency - Find medicine - Xultophy, www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages%2Fmedicines%2Fhuman%2Fmedicines%2F002647%2Fhuman_med_001802.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124.
1962: The Kefauver- Harris act
So what happens when you take an unapproved, foreign drug in your country?
You get deformed babies!
Once upon a time, there was a European drug to help curve morning sickness, and it contained… Thalidomide!
So here’s the rundown: Pregnant women were in a trial using morning sickness pills, not knowing what was in them first of all. As a result, thousands of fetuses in the first trimester developed phocomelia (shortening of the limbs).
This lead to the Kefauver- Harris Act, requiring for the first time in history, for drugs to be safe and effective before putting it on the market. It also led to the necessity of drugs to be placed in an application process and place under the supervision of the FDA.
Here’s a drastically less graphic and tragic example of phocomelia:
Nothing is more precious than the moment you hold your baby for the first time. Becoming a parent is both the most difficult and the most joyful job you can imagine. You have heard of the phrase “It takes a village to raise a child” but what happens when your child gets diagnosed with a chronic illness? Suddenly, your village is not enough. You have entered a scary and unfamiliar world and it involves the most important person in you life. At Pediatric Clinical Trials, we will help you connect with doctors, nurses, pharmacists, and researchers working to help families affected by the same illness as your child. You must remember you are not alone and that, with the right resources, you can expand your support network from a village to the world.
www.pedclinicaltrials.com (via pedtrials)
Let’s discuss what a vulnerable population is very briefly: Pregnant women, the elderly, the mentally disabled, prisoners, and children. Clinical trials are very strict and all about consent.
Next, let’s talk about the difference between medical care and a medical trial.
Medical care: For the individual
Medical trial: For society
Clinical Research Standard Operating Procedure for Investigational Drug Management
This Clinical Research Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is important for clinical site personnel to fulfill the Good Clinical Practice (GCP) requirements for the distribution, storage, and maintainence of inventory of investigational drugs.
An investigational drug is a pharmaceutical agent that is not approved by the FDA for testing through a clinical trial for safety and efficacy. This is generally tested against a placebo unless not feasible. The investigation drug can also be a an FDA approved drug already approved. These can include approved drugs being tested for a different route of delivery, strength, formulation, labeling, packaging, for a new indication or to gain further information.
The Principal Investigator is responsible and accountable for the distribution, storage, and inventory of the investigational drug involved in the approved clinical study. The PI may delegate responsibility for the investigational drug to another qualified researcher involved in the study, but may not delegate accountability.
Delegation of responsibility, (not Authority!) can include the following depending on state requirements:
• Study compliance with the investigational drug
• Receipt and storage of the investigational drug
• Documentation of the receipt, storage, and management, distributing
• Training to use the investigational drug
• Disposal and destruction of the investigation drug
The critical takeaway for compliance with this Clinical Research Standard Operating Procedure is to first and foremost document, document, document. Once documentation is in place the clinical investigator must ensure processes are in place and oversight is in place to ensure FDA and GCP compliance.
A short medieval history on why you should care about Clinical Research
Let’s start with everyone’s favorite best selling book since Jesus walked the Earth, the old testament!
1.Daniel drank and ate pulses are water instead of wine and meat, the meal recommended by King Nebuchadnezzar. The king fell ill, while Daniel remained healthy. The king changed his ways after noticing how healthy Daniel really was.
Fast Forward to the Renaissance:
2. Ambroise Pare, surgeon of 1572, used turpentine, rose oil and egg yolk to treat battle wounds instead of the usual treatments.
Fast forward to the first trial recorded in history that I’m aware of:
3. James Lind carried out trials on sea, dealing with scurvy patients in 1747. All patients had the same diet, but he used other supplements such as various fruits and nuts until he finally cracked it. (HA)
If it weren’t for these curious friends, who knows how far we’d be in this industry.
Contract Research Organization That Supports Pharmaceutical Firms
Have you ever heard about clinical trials and contract research organization? Terms like CRO and clinical trials are probably not known to layman whose medical and scientific knowledge is limited. However to those who are working in the medical field, these are possibly very significant with medical standards on peak and diseases on rise of its power. Thanks to the advanced technology which has made the medical standards high and elevated. To maintain the level of these medical standards, clinical trials and contract research organizations are very vital.
Before we move further, let us explore more what these terms are and why are they important. Contract research organization is a service establishment which offers support to biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies which carry research services. These companies outsource research services on contract bases. A CRO can even offer additional services like:
· Biological assay development
Biopharmaceutical development
Preclinical research
Commercialization
Clinical trials management
Clinical research and
Pharmacovigilance
Contract research organization which specializes in clinical trials services can facilitate their clients the expertise of moving an innovative and novel drug/device from its conception stage to marketing approval. They need not require help of medical or drug sponsor, neither they need maintaining staff for such services. Because of this, they have outgrown in popularity all across the world, particularly in nations which are fast developing. This explains the rise of CROs and clinical trials all across the globe.
The current trend has seen many Contract Research Organizations and clinical trials in the country which have begun to crop up right, left, and center. All this goes to strengthening the claim that our country is on its path to becoming one of super power nations. As our country takes the road to a bigger and better place in coming future, contract research organization and clinical trials in our country are on their track to go.
This is an example of a CRO, definitions and position played in Clinical Research Trials.
What Is A CRC?
Here’s the definition and position role according to Washington University in St. Louis: “The Clinical Research Coordinator (CRC) is a specialized research professional working with and under the direction of the clinical Principal Investigator (PI). While the Principal Investigator is primarily responsible for the overall design, conduct, and management of the clinical trial, the CRC supports, facilitates and coordinates the daily clinical trial activities and plays a critical role in the conduct of the study. By performing these duties, the CRC works with the PI, department, sponsor, and institution to support and provide guidance on the administration of the compliance, financial, personnel and other related aspects of the clinical study.The clinical research coordinator reports primarily to the Principal Investigator with associated responsibilities to the department head, division administrator or program administrator.“
“Clinical Research Coordinator | Research | Washington University in St. Louis.” Research, Vice Chancellor for research, Jan. 2009, research.wustl.edu/about/roles-responsibilities/clinical-research-coordinator/.
PAREXEL Paid Clinical Trial Study on Healthy Vasectomized Males in Baltimore, MD
This study involves 1 screening visit, 3 – in-house stays of 4 days / 3 nights and 1 outpatient visit. Phase: I Health Conditions: *Healthy Volunteers Studies Please reference # 234711VM Sponsored by: PAREXEL Stipend: $4000 Length of Study: 8 Weeks
For more details please visit https://studyscavengerapp.com/parexel-paid-clinical-trial-study-on-healthy-vasectomized-males-in-baltimore-md/
#baltimore #md #Vasectomized
Researchers will bring the vaccine stateside and track it for the FDA so it can be manufactured and sold in the US.
CUBA HAS FOR several years had a promising therapeutic vaccine against lung cancer. The 55-year trade embargo led by the US made sure that Cuba was mostly where it stayed. Until—maybe—now.
“The chance to evaluate a vaccine like this is a very exciting prospect,” says Candace Johnson, CEO of Roswell Park. She’s excited, most likely, because research on the vaccine so far shows that it has low toxicity, and it’s relatively cheap to produce and store. The Center for Molecular Immunology will give Roswell Park all of the documentation (how it’s produced, toxicity data, results from past trials) for an FDA drug application; Johnson says she hopes to get approval for testing Cimavax within six to eight months, and to start clinical trials in a year.
How did Cuba end up with a cutting edge immuno-oncology drug? Though the country is justly famous for cigars, rum, and baseball, it also has some of the best and most inventive biotech and medical research in the world. That’s especially notable for a country where the average worker earns $20 a month. Cuba spends a fraction of the money the US does on healthcare per individual; yet the average Cuban has a life expectancy on par with the average American. “They’ve had to do more with less,” says Johnson, “so they’ve had to be even more innovative with how they approach things. For over 40 years, they have had a preeminent immunology community.”
Despite decades of economic sanctions, Fidel and Raul Castro made biotechnology and medical research, particularly preventative medicine, a priority. After the 1981 dengue fever outbreak struck nearly 350,000 Cubans, the government established the Biological Front, an effort to focus research efforts by various agencies toward specific goals. Its first major accomplishment was the successful (and unexpected) production of interferon, a protein that plays a role in human immune response. Since then, Cuban immunologists made several other vaccination breakthroughs, including their own vaccines for meningitis B and hepatitis B, and monoclonal antibodies for kidney transplants.
The thing about making such great cigars is, smoking is really, really bad for you. Lung cancer is the fourth-leading cause of the death in Cuba. Medical researchers at the Center for Molecular Immunology worked on Cimavax for 25 years before the Ministry of Health made it available to the public—for free—in 2011. Each shot costs the government about $1. A Phase II trial from 2008 showed lung cancer patients who received the vaccine lived an average of four to six months longer than those who didn’t. That prompted Japan and some European countries to initiate Cimavax clinical trials as well.
Doctors vs Researchers
Doctor: someone with years of medical training to tell you you have a cold and to get some Mucinex
Researcher: someone who does years of medical training to supply the Mucinex to doctor
Viruses are basically the pirates of the human body
Fun Fact