RoysFarm

Farming with the facilities of modern science and technology increases the production. So, modern farming methods are must to get better production.

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Commercial Rubber Farming Business Guide For Beginners

Commercial or large scale rubber farming is a very old and popular business in many countries around the world. People are using rubber from the ancient time and it's production is profitable. Rubber is actually an elastic solid material which is retrieved from latex of many tropical trees. It is used for many purposes which may include erasers to tires, tubes and industrial products. Rubber is also known by many different names, such as natural rubber, India rubber, latex, caucho, caoutchouc, Amazonian rubber etc. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and India are the leading rubber producers. 'Hevea brasiliensis' is the most important and commercially cultivated rubber plant. These plants basically grows up to 30 meter height and begins yielding latex at 6 to 7 years age. More than 28 million tons of rubber were produced in the year of 2017. And among the production, 47% was natural. The price of natural rubber is determined, to large extent, by the prevailing global price of crude oil (since the bulk is synthetic, which is derived from petroleum). Asia was the main source of natural rubber, accounting for about 94 percent of output in the year of 2005. And top 3 largest rubber producers are Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia (together account for around 72 percent of all natural rubber production). Natural rubber is not cultivated widely in it's native continent of South America because of the South American leaf blight, and other natural predators available there. Uses of Rubber Rubber is used for many different purposes. Uncured rubber is used for cements, insulating, for adhesive and friction tapes. And for crepe, rubber is used in insulating blankets and footwear. While the vulcanized rubber has many more applications. Resistance toabrasion makes softer kinds of rubber valuable for the trends of rubber valuable for the treads of vehicle tires and conveyor belts. Around 25 million tonnes of rubber are produced each year globally, of which only 30 percent is natural. The remainder is synthetic rubber derived from petrochemical sources. The top end of latex production results in latex products such as surgeon's gloves, balloons and relatively high-value products. Advantages of Rubber Farming Business Like many other agri business, commercial rubber farming also has numerous advantages or benefits. Here we are trying to describe the top benefits of commercial rubber farming business. - Commercial rubber farming is relatively a simple and easy business. - Beginners can also start this business easily. It is just like starting other crop farming business. - Commercial production of rubber is very easy, and profitable at the same time. So, it can be a great business for making money. - Beginners can start this business with proper training and support. - Commercial rubber farming is very profitable and it can be a great employment source for the people (especially for the educated but unemployed people). - Both demand and value of rubber and all related products are high. - Many people are already doing rubber farming business commercially for making profits. - You don't have to worry much about starting this business if you are a beginner. Because many people are already doing this business. - Marketing rubber products is relatively easy. Because rubber and all the related products have very good demand and value in the market. - Production costs are relatively high, but the profits are also high and you will get back your invested money soon. How to Start Rubber Farming Starting commercial rubber farming business is relatively easy if you follow every steps carefully. You can start this business easily with little practical knowledge. We recommend starting commercial rubber production after having full training. Here we are trying to describe more information about commercial rubber farming business from planting, caring to harvesting and marketing. Site Selection Rubber plants grow well in highly deep weathered soils which consist of laterite and lateritic soils. But the plants grow best in well drained porous soils with moderate acidic in nature. If there is a good organic matter in the soil, then the rubber plants also thrives in red alluvial soils. pH between 5.0 and 6.0 is best for rubber cultivation. Prepare the Soil Remove weeds and make the land clear before planting. Then make pits with dimensions of 120 cm x 45 cm x 60 cm. You will be able to make 200 to 250 pits per hectare land. Add 10 kg organic matter and 150 grams of rock phosphate per pit. Climate Requirement For Rubber Farming Commercial rubber production requires heavy and well distributed rainfall of 200 cm to 300 cm, having humidity about 75 percent. Ideal temperate for proper growth of rubber plants is between 20°C and 35°C. The plants require 5-6 hours of sunlight. Freezing temperatures will halt the growth of rubber plants and strong winds are not suitable for commercial rubber farming. Propagation Propagation in rubber farming is generally done through green budding, crown budding and brown budding. Purchase Plants Rubber plants are easily available in the nurseries. You can collect plants for planting from any of your nearest nurseries. Planting Plant the small plants in the main field where you have made the pits ready earlier. June to July is the best season for rubber plantation. Caring Taking good care of the rubber plants will ensure good production. Here we are describing more about the caring process. Fertilizing Rubber plants respond very well to organic matter and fertilizers. Apply 10-12 kg of well rotten organic manure and 225 grams of rock phosphate in each pit during land preparation. And this dosage is recommended up to 4th year of planting. Irrigation Watering or irrigation should be provided depending upon plant growth. Controlling Weeds Weeds consume nutrients from the soil and the rubber plants will suffer. Weeding is generally carried out manually or chemically or through a combination of both. Intercropping Intercropping will generate some extra revenue during the first two years of cultivation. Some suitable intercrops in rubber farming are turmeric, ginger, vegetables, tuber crops, banana, pineapple, medicinal or herbal plants etc. Cover Cropping Cover cropping is very helpful in sloppy areas for preventing soil erosion. This also helps to enhance the soil fertility and controls the weed growth along with soil temperature. Intercropping leguminous crops will help in nitrogen fixation in the soil. Calopagonium muconoides, centrosema pubescens, pueraria phaseoloides and desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops in rubber farming. Pests & Diseases Mealy but, cockchafer grub, scale insect, white ant and mites are the main pests in rubber cultivation. Abnormal leaf fall, bird's eye spot, secondary leaf fall, powdery mildew, leaf spot, bark cankers, dry rot, pink disease, stump rot, collar rot and brown rot diseases are the main diseases found in rubber farming. Contact your local agriculture extension office or horticulture department for more information about controlling these pests and diseases. Yield Exact amount of yield depends on the method of propagation. But yield usually increases year by year in any method. Total yield reaches peak after 14 to 15 years of planting. An annual average yield of rubber is about 375 to 400 kg per hectare from seedlings trees. But the average yield is 800-1000 kg per hectare in budded plants. Marketing Marketing rubber products is relatively easy. Although, you should determine your marketing strategies before starting this business. These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful rubber farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you! Read the full article

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Commercial Rubber Farming Business Guide For Beginners

Commercial or large scale rubber farming is a very old and popular business in many countries around the world. People are using rubber from the ancient time and it's production is profitable.Rubber is actually an elastic solid material which is retrieved from latex of many tropical trees. It is used for many purposes which may include erasers to tires, tubes and industrial products.Rubber is also known by many different names, such as natural rubber, India rubber, latex, caucho, caoutchouc, Amazonian rubber etc. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and India are the leading rubber producers.'Hevea brasiliensis' is the most important and commercially cultivated rubber plant. These plants basically grows up to 30 meter height and begins yielding latex at 6 to 7 years age.More than 28 million tons of rubber were produced in the year of 2017. And among the production, 47% was natural.The price of natural rubber is determined, to large extent, by the prevailing global price of crude oil (since the bulk is synthetic, which is derived from petroleum).Asia was the main source of natural rubber, accounting for about 94 percent of output in the year of 2005. And top 3 largest rubber producers are Thailand, Indonesia and Malaysia (together account for around 72 percent of all natural rubber production).Natural rubber is not cultivated widely in it's native continent of South America because of the South American leaf blight, and other natural predators available there.Uses of RubberRubber is used for many different purposes. Uncured rubber is used for cements, insulating, for adhesive and friction tapes. And for crepe, rubber is used in insulating blankets and footwear.While the vulcanized rubber has many more applications. Resistance toabrasion makes softer kinds of rubber valuable for the trends of rubber valuable for the treads of vehicle tires and conveyor belts.Around 25 million tonnes of rubber are produced each year globally, of which only 30 percent is natural. The remainder is synthetic rubber derived from petrochemical sources.The top end of latex production results in latex products such as surgeon's gloves, balloons and relatively high-value products.Advantages of Rubber Farming BusinessLike many other agri business, commercial rubber farming also has numerous advantages or benefits. Here we are trying to describe the top benefits of commercial rubber farming business.- Commercial rubber farming is relatively a simple and easy business.- Beginners can also start this business easily. It is just like starting other crop farming business.- Commercial production of rubber is very easy, and profitable at the same time. So, it can be a great business for making money.- Beginners can start this business with proper training and support.- Commercial rubber farming is very profitable and it can be a great employment source for the people (especially for the educated but unemployed people).- Both demand and value of rubber and all related products are high.- Many people are already doing rubber farming business commercially for making profits.- You don't have to worry much about starting this business if you are a beginner. Because many people are already doing this business.- Marketing rubber products is relatively easy. Because rubber and all the related products have very good demand and value in the market.- Production costs are relatively high, but the profits are also high and you will get back your invested money soon.How to Start Rubber FarmingStarting commercial rubber farming business is relatively easy if you follow every steps carefully. You can start this business easily with little practical knowledge.We recommend starting commercial rubber production after having full training. Here we are trying to describe more information about commercial rubber farming business from planting, caring to harvesting and marketing.Site SelectionRubber plants grow well in highly deep weathered soils which consist of laterite and lateritic soils. But the plants grow best in well drained porous soils with moderate acidic in nature.If there is a good organic matter in the soil, then the rubber plants also thrives in red alluvial soils. pH between 5.0 and 6.0 is best for rubber cultivation.Prepare the SoilRemove weeds and make the land clear before planting. Then make pits with dimensions of 120 cm x 45 cm x 60 cm. You will be able to make 200 to 250 pits per hectare land. Add 10 kg organic matter and 150 grams of rock phosphate per pit.Climate Requirement For Rubber FarmingCommercial rubber production requires heavy and well distributed rainfall of 200 cm to 300 cm, having humidity about 75 percent.Ideal temperate for proper growth of rubber plants is between 20°C and 35°C. The plants require 5-6 hours of sunlight. Freezing temperatures will halt the growth of rubber plants and strong winds are not suitable for commercial rubber farming.PropagationPropagation in rubber farming is generally done through green budding, crown budding and brown budding.Purchase PlantsRubber plants are easily available in the nurseries. You can collect plants for planting from any of your nearest nurseries.PlantingPlant the small plants in the main field where you have made the pits ready earlier. June to July is the best season for rubber plantation.CaringTaking good care of the rubber plants will ensure good production. Here we are describing more about the caring process.FertilizingRubber plants respond very well to organic matter and fertilizers. Apply 10-12 kg of well rotten organic manure and 225 grams of rock phosphate in each pit during land preparation. And this dosage is recommended up to 4th year of planting.IrrigationWatering or irrigation should be provided depending upon plant growth.Controlling WeedsWeeds consume nutrients from the soil and the rubber plants will suffer. Weeding is generally carried out manually or chemically or through a combination of both.IntercroppingIntercropping will generate some extra revenue during the first two years of cultivation. Some suitable intercrops in rubber farming are turmeric, ginger, vegetables, tuber crops, banana, pineapple, medicinal or herbal plants etc.Cover CroppingCover cropping is very helpful in sloppy areas for preventing soil erosion. This also helps to enhance the soil fertility and controls the weed growth along with soil temperature.Intercropping leguminous crops will help in nitrogen fixation in the soil. Calopagonium muconoides, centrosema pubescens, pueraria phaseoloides and desmodium evalifolium are common cover crops in rubber farming.Pests & DiseasesMealy but, cockchafer grub, scale insect, white ant and mites are the main pests in rubber cultivation. Abnormal leaf fall, bird's eye spot, secondary leaf fall, powdery mildew, leaf spot, bark cankers, dry rot, pink disease, stump rot, collar rot and brown rot diseases are the main diseases found in rubber farming.Contact your local agriculture extension office or horticulture department for more information about controlling these pests and diseases.YieldExact amount of yield depends on the method of propagation. But yield usually increases year by year in any method.Total yield reaches peak after 14 to 15 years of planting. An annual average yield of rubber is about 375 to 400 kg per hectare from seedlings trees. But the average yield is 800-1000 kg per hectare in budded plants.MarketingMarketing rubber products is relatively easy. Although, you should determine your marketing strategies before starting this business.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful rubber farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

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Start Easy Duck Farming Business For High Profits

Duck farming is very popular and absolutely a lucrative business. Ducks are highly available around the world. There are numerous meat and egg productive duck breeds available throughout the world.All the present domestic ducks around the glove came from the wild birds.Those wild birds wonder around the world, and some of them have been domesticated as a good source of food. Almost all those wild birds are from mallard species. Incidentally, all hen of the world comes from red wild hen. You might know that, ducks are aquatic organism.Some people think that, duck without water and pond without water are the same. Even, some people think, ducks can't live without water. But it's totally wrong. You can not imagine pond without water, but duck can be raised without water.Thousands of ducks can be raised without water by keeping them inside house, in the same way you raise chickens or other types of poultry birds.But, keep in mind that, in case of raising ducks without water 'your ducks will lay unfertilized egg'. That means you can't hatch the eggs for producing ducklings.If you want fertile eggs, male ducks and water are essential. You can easily raise ducks without water, they just need water for reproduction or mating purposes.Food demand and is increasing gradually due to increased population. And people are doing different types of food production business to fulfill this demand and also for making profits.And commercial rearing of ducks can be a very good business for making profits. And at the same time it will help to reduce food scarcity.Here in this guide, we are trying to describe more information about starting, operating and the advantages of duck farming business.Advantages of Duck FarmingThere are numerous advantages of starting duck farming business. In many countries, ducks rank next to chicken for meat and egg production.You can raise ducks in both commercial and small scale meat or egg production purpose.Even, you can raise some ducks on your own backyard with other birds or animals. Some notable advantages of duck farming business are shortly described here.- Ducks need less expensive, simple and non-elaborate housing facilities. As a result housing costs are very less for setting up commercial duck farming business.- Ducks are very hardy bird and they need less care or management. They can adopt themselves with almost all types of environmental conditions.- They lay eggs either at night or in the morning. So you can collect their fresh eggs every morning :). And you can do your other work during rest of the day and you don't have to spend time for caring your ducks.- You need comparatively less space for raising ducks. Ducks have comparatively shorter brooding period and ducklings grow faster. Ducklings grow so fast that, you can dispense artificial heat within their 5 to 7 days. Although they will require a little longer heating period during cold months.- Ducks are highly resistant to the common avian diseases.- You can feed your ducks with a wide variety of foods. A duck's regular food includes cassava, copra, corn, rice, fruits and any other low cost and easily available foods. They also have the natural tendency of foraging on aquatic weeds, algae, green legumes, fungi, earthworms, maggots, snails, various types of insects etc. which directly reduce feeding cost.- You can also use your ducks for controlling apple snails or some other harmful insects from your garden.- Ducks have less mortality rate and usually they live longer than chickens. In case of egg production, ducks lay eggs for a long time period.- Duck products such as eggs and meat have a great demand in the local and international market. So commercial duck farming business can be a great source of earning. There are already many successful farmers who are making a high profit from their duck farming business.- Duck farming business can also be a stable employment source. Young unemployed educated people can join this business and make their own employment source.Peculiarity of DucksThe body of the ducks is fully covered with oily feathers, so water can't directly enter inside their body.Ducks have a layer of fat under their skin, which helps them from getting wet. For this reason, if ducks spend a couple of hours in water, their body remain dry.Another peculiarity of duck is their legs. There are three fingers on their legs and covered with thin skin (which is called 'web').It works as the paddle of a boat. Finger ends in nail. Some species of ducks use their nails for defending themselves.Generally the lip of ducks are red or orange colored and become very strong. With this lip they can eat moss, insects, fish egg, hard snail etc. They send almost everything inside their stomach, which they found between their lip.Usually hens lay egg all over the day, but ducks lay eggs at night or in the morning. So don't allow your ducks to go out from their house before 9 am.If you observe ducks very closely, you will find that they are very clever and intelligent. You can spent your leisure time easily by watching their activities.Duck's Eggs and Meat MarketMarketing duck products (egg and meat) is very easy. People all over the world like duck egg and meat from the ancient time.In some areas, people like duck eggs and meat more than chicken meat or eggs. Duck eggs are usually larger in size than chicken eggs.In some areas duck meat is less popular than their eggs. However, there is no tension about the marketing of ducks eggs and meat.You can try to determine the demand of duck products in your local market.How to Start Duck Farming BusinessStarting duck farming business is very easy and simple. You can start both commercial and small scale production easily.Try to have training from an institute or an expert before starting commercial production. Having a complete training will help you to run your business successfully.Although, you can start raising some ducks even if you are a beginner. Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating a successful duck farming business from selecting breeds to caring and marketing.Select Good Duck BreedsFirst of all, you have to select good breeds for your business. There are numerous duck breeds available throughout the world. Although all of those breeds are not suitable for commercial duck farming business.Some of those breeds are suitable for egg production and some are ideal for commercial meat production. Usually ducks are of three types according to their production type.- Meat productive duck breeds- Egg productive duck breeds- Famous for both meat and egg production.Meat Duck BreedsThere are numerous duck breeds available which are famous for meat production. Peking, Ayleshbari, Maskovi, Ruel Kagua and the Swiden ducks are most popular for meat production. Usually meat productive male ducks weight about 5 kg and female weight about 4 kg.Layer Duck BreedsIndian Runner is a popular layer duck breed and very famous for their egg production capability. There are three types of Indian runner ducks available. White and grayish Indian runners are good layers. Khaki Campbell ducks are also very popular duck breed for high egg production.Dual-Purpose Duck BreedsKhaki Campbell ducks are suitable for both meat and egg production. They came from Indian Runner and Ruel Kagua. Indian runners are famous for egg production and second one is popular for meat production.Ensure Good Housing FacilitiesThe main advantages of duck farming is their simple accommodation. Making a duck house is very easy. You can keep your ducks in low, high, wet, dry and any other places.Ducks like watery and wet place to live. You can easily make a suitable place for your ducks by using a big fruit basket, wood-speech or oil drum. Just put these in a suitable place.Always make a door for entrancing and exiting, wherever you keep the ducks. The door need to be high enough. Because duck enter inside the house raising their head higher. Their house must have to be well ventilated and you have to ensure sufficient flow of fresh air inside the house.Usually each duck will require 2 to 3 square feet flooring space. You also have to be ensure the safety of your ducks.Keep them free from all types of harmful animals or predators, especially from fox and dog. If you want to keep your ducks like chickens, in a concrete floored house, then you have to make a deep liter inside the house.And it will be better if the liter depth between 5-6 inches. In this system, your ducks will lay eggs on the floor.FeedingDucks generally eat almost all types of food they find edible. You can feed your ducks like chickens. But you have to add some extra additives into duck feed.As some ducks lay more eggs than hens, so you have to be very careful about feeding your ducks. Add necessary nutrient elements in their diet.Always provide your ducks nutritious feed according to the various types of duck breeds and their growth rate.For small scale or domestic duck farming, you can feed your ducks rich bran, kitchen waste and a plenty of snails.Always keep in mind that, ducks eat a lot of food daily. So you have to feed them well-balanced food if you want proper egg and meat production.BreedingWater is a must for breeding purpose. Usually ducks don't mate without water. One male duck is sufficient for breeding 10 female ducks.Usually high quality and productive duck breeds start laying eggs at their five months of age. Each egg weights about 50 to 60 grams.You can use hens for hatching the eggs, instead of ducks. Do not keep the newly born ducklings in water during their first week, after birth.Because they can get cold if you allow them to water. Usually duck eggs take about 28 days to hatch.During the hatching period, sprinkle the eggs with water occasionally (two or three times per week). You can use both electronic or diesel incubators for hatching their eggs. But many farmer prefer hens than incubator for hatching.Storing EggsYou have to store the eggs properly. You can use refrigerator for storing the eggs. Lime water or pyraphine can be used for egg storing purpose. Some people also use actinium glass water.Gender DeterminationIt is not so difficult to determine the gender of newly born duckling. Raise up the tail of the duckling and press on its ass. If you notice there is a penis like thorn, then it will be male. And if not then it will definitely be a female duck. The easiest way to determine male ducks is, the tail feathers of male ducks are curled up.Caring For DucksAlong with feeding good foods and arranging good housing facilities for your birds, it's very important to take good care of your ducks.Good caring ensure good growth and healthy life of the birds. Vaccinate them timely and always try to keep good contact with a vet in your area.MarketingBefore marketing duck eggs, clean the dirt of egg shell perfectly. Don't wash the eggs with water. You can clean the eggs with knife, soiled paper or towel. Use egg basket or carton for caring eggs from one place to another place.You should choose such cartoon so that each cartoon can contain at least 30 eggs. You can also use bamboo basket, wooden box and other things for transporting eggs to the market or another destination. Make a deep layer of straw or rice bran if you use such boxes for caring eggs.However, for making maximum profits from duck farming business, you have to be more careful on taking care of ducks, feed management, accommodation, brooding and marketing. If all the process are done well, then you can make a handsome income from this business.

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Best Swan Farming Business Guide For Beginners

Swan farming is not a new business idea. People are raising swans as pet or for beauty purpose from a long time ago. It's a very beautiful bird, and a pair of swans or more can enhance the beauty of your property.Here in this guide, we are not going to describe about meat or eggs production or any other purpose. We are trying to discuss about raising and breeding swans for the purpose of selling as pets or to the hobby farmers.Swans are largest among the flying birds, and are the largest extant members of the waterfowl family Anatidae. The largest species, including the trumpeter swan, mute swan and whooper swan, can reach a length of over 1.5 meter and weight over 15 kg. And their wingspans can over 3.1 meters.Compared to the closely related geese, the swans are much larger and have proportionally larger feet and necks. The females are much smaller and lighter than the males.Swan is among the very precious bird species. It is generally sold at very high prices in the market. And most of the people raise some swans for beauty purpose, as hobby or simply just as pets.Swan farming is not as popular and common as geese and duck farming. But these bird's closest relatives include the geese and ducks.The main reason of less popularity of swan farming business is it's high price and also the high risks of mortality or some other problems.Another reason of less popularity of commercial business is the less number of eggs in each clutch. Generally, the number of eggs in each clutch ranges from only 3 to 8.However, if you can take the risks and start raising swans successfully, then you will definitely be able to sell your birds to the fancy buyers at a very high price. And thus, you can make a very good profit from this business.Advantages of Swan Farming BusinessSo, before discussing more about swan farming, let us describe more about the advantages of this business. Here we are shortly describing about the top advantages of starting this business.- Swans are very beautiful birds. They are wonderful and caring them is very pleasuring. You will be able to spend wonderful times if you start raising some swans.- Swans are highly priced in both domestic and international market.- The swans are very strong and hardy birds, and they generally require less caring and other management. Depending on the species, they can adopt themselves with almost all types of environmental conditions.- They are highly resistant to the most common avian diseases.- You can feed your swans with a variety of foods. They will consume food from natural sources if you allow them to roam freely.- Commercial swan farming can be a very good business idea for the unemployed educated people.How to Start Swan Farming BusinessStarting swan farming business is not too easy. You have to invest a good amount of money for starting this business. Although, you will be able to make good profits if you can manage everything perfectly.It's not recommended to start this business without having prior experience of raising geese or other poultry birds like this. It will be better if you can learn practically from an expert in your area.Select the SpeciesThere are many different species of swans to choose from. The most common and popular swan species are;- Mute swan- Black swan- Black-necked swan- Whooper swan- Trumpter swan- Tundra swan- Bewick's swan- Whistling swanYou can choose any of the species listed above depending on the price and availability in your area.Feeding & WateringFeeding the birds with very good quality and nutritious feed is very important for good growth and good health of the birds. You can feed your swans with ready-made or commercial poultry feeds available in the market.Any poultry feed containing between 13% and 20% protein is ideal for the swans. Swans are foragers in the wild and will eat leaves, seeds, stems and tubers of submerged aquatic vegetation, grasses, algae, larvae, fish, insects and small invertebrates.Along with poultry feed and forage, they may be fed dark green lettuce, spinach, shredded carrots, alfalfa sprouts, celery and other vegetables. Brown rice, lentils, cracked corn and split peas are also acceptable foods.And always try to provide your birds with enough clean and fresh drinking water as per their demand. Also keep adequate numbers of waterer inside their house.Housing & ShelterMaking a very good housing system for your birds is very important for swan farming. The swans are very clean birds, and they love to live in clean place. So, the house must have to be clean and also comfortable for the birds.Try to make the house in an open and airy place, and it must have to be well ventilated. The house needs a roof with walls on at least 3 sides. And the open side should not face north (it will be better if the open side face south).Most of the swan species are cold and heat hardy. The Black Swan is best suited for warmer climates. The Tundra, Bewicks, Trumpter and Whooper swans are best for extremely cold weather. The Australian Black, Black Necked and Coscoroba swans need to be sheltered in the winter in colder climates.FencingA minimum of 2 feet fence is recommended for keeping the swans contained. Swans do wander on occasion, sometimes during their natural migration season. Good fencing will also help to keep the predators out. Increase the height of the fence depending on the predators in your area.Nesting & BreedingDepending on the species, breeding season of swan is from early spring to late summer. Males take the duty for building a nest and it must be approved by the females before mating can began.Swan birds generally mate for life. If their mate is lot, replace with one of the opposite gender. In some cases, a swan may starve themselves and pass away if no replacement is made.In most cases, nesting will occur near the water. Incubation is primarily the responsibility of the female. Parents will lead their cygnets to the water to swim and feed 24 hours after hatching.CaringTaking good care of the birds is very important for swan farming business. Swans are very strong and lively birds. Their average lifespan is between 10 and 30 years or even more depending on species, protection and environment. Taking good care of the birds will ensure good growth and good health of the birds.MarketingBefore starting swan farming business, determine your marketing strategies. If you can't sell the birds in proper price, then you will not be able to make good amount of profits.These are the steps and ways for starting and operating a successful swan farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

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Snail Farming Business Starting Plan For Beginners

Snail farming (also called heliciculture) is a very common and popular business in some countries. It is relatively easy and commercial production is very profitable.However, snail farming is actually the process of raising edible land snails, mainly for human consumption and also for cosmetic use.The meat and eggs of snail can be consumed as escargot and as a type of caviar respectively. Mucus has medical properties and also used in cosmetics (the mucus is also called snail slime).Eating snails is not a new trend. Roasted snail shells have been found in archaeological excavations. It is an clear indication that snails have been eaten since prehistoric times.There are many different snail species available throughout the world. But all of these snails are not edible. The best known and popular edible land snail species in the Western world is Helix pomatia.Helix pomatia is commonly known as Burgundy snail or Roman snail. Although, this species is not fit for profitable snail farming business. And it is generally harvested from nature.The most common snail species used for commercial production in the Western world is Cornu aspersum, formerly known as Helix aspera.Commercial snail farming is generally done with the African snail, in the tropical climates. African snail biologically doesn't fall in the family of Helicidae, and meat of which therefore many not be called escargot.You have to choose the right snail species, create a favorable habitat, and take good care of the snails for starting and maintaining a successful snail farming business. You can grow your snail farm from a personal hobby to a lucrative business with patience and dedication.Nutritional Value of SnailSnails are very nutritious and tasty. It is healthy if you cook in the right way. According to information from the nutrient databank of France, the nutrient composition of raw snails (100 grams of edible portion) are:- Available carbohydrates: 2 grams- Calcium: 170 mg- Energy: 80.5 kcal (337 kj)- Fat: 1 gram- Fiber: 0 gram- Iron: 3.5 mg- Protein: 16 grams- Magnesium:250 mg- Vitamin C: 0 mg- Water: 79 gramsAdvantages of Snail Farming BusinessSnail farming is a common business in some countries. And it's popularity is increasing gradually. There are many advantages or benefits of this business. Here we are trying to describe about the top advantages of starting commercial snail farming business.- It's relatively an old agribusiness. Many people are already doing this business for making profits.- Raising snails is relatively easy. Even the beginners can start raising snails, if they complete a short training on snail production.- Snails are hermaphroditic in nature, and they are highly reproductive.- Both male and female reproductive organs are available in each snail. As a result, snails can reproduce very fast.- One snail can lay eggs 6 times in a year. And a snail can lay more than 80 to 100 eggs each time.- Snail meat is very tasty and delicious and also very popular in some countries.- Snail meat is considered better than other red meat. And it is rich in nutrition.- Snail meat is a great source of iron, protein, calcium and phosphorus, and it is very low in cholesterol, sodium and fat. That's why snail meat is highly recommended by the dietitians and doctors for the patients and also for general people.- Snails have demand in some African countries, but they also have very good demand in the Western world.- Risk of loses is relatively less in snail farming business than any other types of farming business.- You can start this business in small scale along with maintaining your current occupation.- Commercial snail farming business generally require less investment. But the ROI is very good, and you will get your invested money back very soon.- As it is a profitable business, so commercial snail production can be a great way for eradicating unemployment. Especially, the unemployed educated young people can take this business as their employment source.- Commercial snail production is not a time consuming process. And there are also no problems of stress, odor, noise and irritation.- Snail meat is very nutritious and healthy. And you can enjoy fresh snail meat if you can start your own production system.How to Start Snail Farming BusinessStarting snail farming is relatively easy. Even the beginners can start this business after having short training.You can make good profits from this business if you can manage everything perfectly. Here we are trying to describe more about the steps for starting and maintaining a successful business.Environment RequirementRight environment is a must for raising snails. The snails are generally easily dehydrated. Dryness occurs in snails due to moisture loose in snails.Natural wind increase the rate of moisture loss in snails. That's why, you have to select a suitable location for establishing a your snail farm.You have to keep the snails in snaileries in wind protected environment. This will prevent the snails from losing water from their body. An area with many trees can make perfect environment for the snails.Suitable ClimateA mild climate with temperatures between 15°C and 25°C with high humidity (75% to 95%) is considered best for commercial snail farming business. Although, most of the snail varieties can stand a wider range of temperatures.The optimal temperature is 21°C for many varieties. Snails hibernate, when the temperature falls below 7°C. The snails are inactive under 12°C, and all growth stops under 10°C temperature.When the temperature rises much above 27°C or conditions become too dry, snails estivate. Wind is bad for snails because it speeds up moisture loss, and snails must retain moisture.Suitable SoilSoil is the main habitat of snail, and the soil must have to contain some of the components and chemical substances which are necessary for surviving of the snails.That's why all types of soil are not good for commercial snail farming business. Shell of the snails is mainly calcium, and they derive most of the calcium from the soil. They drink water from soil, and they also lay eggs on the soil.So, it is very important to select a very suitable place with the availability of all types of necessary facilities for the snails. pH range between 5.8 and 7.5 is considered good for snails.Snails don't prefer waterlogged situation, and too much dry condition is also harmful for them. Avoid acidic soil, and sandy-loamy soil with low water holding capacity is considered perfect for snail production.SnailerySnailery play a very important role in successful snail farming business. A good snailery keeps the snails safe and productive. The snaileries can vary from a patch of fence-protected ground, sheltered from the wind to a covered box.You can also make a concrete pen and fill it with about 10 inches soil, or dig a trench and cover it with screen or wire all around. This is helpful for commercial production and will prevent the snails from escaping.Most of the snails generally love to stay in cold and dark place. Never let harmful animals to enter into the snaileries such as snakes, rats or other predators.Wire fencing is a great solution for keeping all these animals and predators out. You also have to prevent some smaller but harmful insects such as termites and ants.You will need some materials for building your snailery such as decay- and termite –resistant timber, such as Milicia excelsa (trade name- iroko); Nauclea diderrichii (trade name- opepe); Lophira alata (trade name – ekki), sandcrete blocks; mosquito nets and polythene sheets.These types of materials are required for making each kind of snailery. The types of snaileries are:- Hutch boxes- Trench pens- Mini Paddock pens- Moveable pens- Free range pensBuy SnailsAfter making a good environment and snaileries, it's time to purchase some fresh snails from market or any existing snail farm in your area.According to some experts, 'getting snails directly from the wild will result good production, instead of purchasing from market'.Because the wild snails can easily adapt themselves with the new environment than the farm raised snails. There are many different ways for collecting wild snails.FeedingFeeding the snails with very good quality and nutritious food is the most important part of snail farming business. Because, good food ensure good growth and also good health of the snails.Snails generally eat fruits, green leaves, vegetables etc. You can feed your snails with easily available materials such as cabbage, cassava leaves, cocoyam, eggplant leaves, lettuce leaves, pawpaw leaves, okra leaves etc.You can also feed your snails with banana, cucumber, eggplant, mango, pears, oil palm fruits, pawpaw, tomatoes etc.BreedingSnails are naturally very good breeders. They will breed easily and will produce fertile eggs.Most of the snail breeders allow their snails to mate with one another on their own. If you can keep your snails in ideal conditions, then breeding will occur at higher rates and have more success.Caring & Other ManagementTaking good care of your snails is very important for successful snail farming business. Good caring not only helps the snails to grow better, but also help them to stay free from health problems.Maintain a hygienic environment for preventing the spread of diseases. Maintaining a hygienic environment will also help to improve the health and growth rate of the snails.Always try to provide your snails with fresh food. And remove the leftovers on a regular basis. Adding earthworms to the soil is a great way to keep the soil clean.In high density condition, the snails may be infected by parasites, nematodes, trematodes, fungi and micro arthropods.Try to prevent all types of harmful predators. Rats, mice, moles, skunks, weasels and birds the main predators of snails.HarvestingSnails generally grow very fast. They become mature when a lip forms at the opening of their shell. Their shells are more easily broken, before they mature (making them undesirable).Keep the fastest, largest and healthy snails for next generation breeders. This is generally around 5% of the harvest, and send the remaining snails for sale.Snail eggs may also be harvested and processed to produce snail caviar. Special breeding units are required for easy harvesting of the eggs.MarketingYou have to set your marketing strategies before starting this business. Because if you can't market your products easily, then you will not be able to make good profits.Although, snails and snail products have an established market. It has good demand and value in the international market.Western word and some African countries are the main consumer of snail. You can also contact with some companies who export snail products to the major consuming countries.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful snail farming business. It's very easy to maintain a profitable business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

[roysfarm]

Pigeon Farming Business Starting Guide For Beginners

Pigeon farming is very interesting, profitable and pigeons are very popular domestic bird. Pigeons are considered as the symbol of peace.Almost all types of people who have facilities, love to raise some pigeon in their home. Pigeon farming require less labor and low investment. Even you can also raise and take care of them during your leisure time.The meat of baby pigeon (squab) is very tasty, nutritious and restorative. Squabs also have huge demand and price in the market. On the other hand pigeon farming can be a great source of some extra income and entertainment.Raising pigeons using modern methods is very profitable than traditional way. So, to be successful in pigeon farming business, use modern rearing techniques and take good care of your birds.Here we are trying to describe more about the advantages of pigeon farming and steps for starting and operating this lucrative business.Advantages of Pigeon FarmingPigeon farming has some great benefits. It's very easy to start this business. Here we are trying to describe the top advantages of this business.- Pigeons are domestic birds and it's very easy to handle them.- Commercial pigeon farming is not a new business idea. People are raising pigeons for food or as pets from a long time ago.- From their six month of age, female pigeons start laying eggs and produce two baby pigeons per month on an average.- Pigeons can be raised easily in the home yard and roof of the house.- You can also utilize your backyard for raising some pigeons.- It takes about 18 days to hatch their eggs.- Baby pigeon (squab) become suitable for consumption within their 3 to 4 weeks of age.- You can build a pigeon house in a small place with little investment.- Feeding costs for keeping pigeons is very low. In most cases they collect food from wild if you let them to roam freely.- Pigeon meat is very tasty, nutritious and has a great demand and value in the market.- Pigeon farming is also very pleasing and entertaining. You can spent some good times through watching the activities of pigeons.- You can get maximum profit form them, by investing small capital and labor.- Diseases are comparatively less in pigeons.- Closet of pigeon is a good manure for crop cultivation.- Different types of toys can be made by using the feather of pigeons.- Pigeons help to keep the environment safe by eating different types of insects.- The squab has has a great demand in the market as a good patient's diet.- Pigeons start laying eggs at their 5 to 6 months of age.- Pigeon farming can be a great income source for the people of some poor countries.- You can utilize your family labor for raising pigeons.- Commercial pigeon farming is very profitable. And it can be a good income source for the rural people. Especially for women and children.- Pigeon meat is very nutritious and healthy. And you can enjoy pigeon meat if you raise pigeons in your own farm.Life Cycle of PigeonsGenerally pigeons are raised in pair. One pair of male and female pigeon stay together for their whole life. They can survive for about 12 to 15 years.Male and female both collect straw together and build a small nest for them to live. Female pigeons start laying eggs at their 5-6 months of age. They lay two eggs every time and their breeding capability stays for about 5 years or even more.Both male and female pigeons hatch the eggs. Usually it takes about 17 to 18 days to hatch the eggs.The stomach of baby pigeon contains crop milk, which they eat for 4 days. Female pigeon feed their baby for ten days by their lips. After that, they start taking supplementary food by their own. At their age of 26 days, they become adult.How to Start Pigeon Farming BusinessStaring pigeon farming business is very easy and simple. Even the beginners can raise some pigeons.Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating a successful pigeon farming business.Select Good Pigeon BreedsThere are about three hundred pigeon breeds available around the world. Pigeon breeds are of two types which are described below.- Meat Pigeon Breeds: White king, Texona, Silver king, Gola, Lokha, etc. are meat pigeon breeds.- Entertaining: Moyurponkhi, Shirazi, Lohore, Fantail, Jacobin, Frillback, Modena, Trumpeter, Trubit, Mukhi, Giribaz, Templar, Lotal etc. are most popular entertaining pigeons.Generally, the main purpose of pigeon farming is their meat. The meat of baby pigeon is soft and tasty than the adult one. Weight of some fleshy squab productive pigeon breeds are described below.Breeds NameAdultSquabWhite King755500Carneau700450Homer730400French Mondain750550Swiss Mondain800600HousingHousing is very important factor for pigeon farming. Keep in mind the following factors before making house for your pigeons.- Built their house in a higher place. This will keep the pigeons free from dog, cat, mouse and some other harmful predators.- Ensure huge flow of air and light inside the house.- Prevent the entrance of rain water directly inside the house.- The house can be build by thin wood or tin, bamboo or with packing boxes.- Every pigeon requires about 30 cm long, 30 cm high and 30 cm wide space.- Every room of the pigeon house have to have the facility of staying two pigeons.- The house will be adjoining to each other and polyhedral.- Keep a door on every room measuring 10x10 cm.- Always try to keep the house clean and dry.- Clean the house once or twice per month.- Keep the food and water pot near the house.- Keep some straw near the house, so that the pigeons can make bed for them.- Keep water and sand near the house, as they clean their body by water and dust.FeedingFeeding the birds with very good quality and nutritious food is the most important part of commercial pigeon farming business.Pigeons generally eat wheat, maize, paddy, rice, enamel, legume, triticum aestivus mustard, gram etc. Keep foods in front of their house and they will take the food as much as they need.You have to serve them balanced feed for proper growing, good health and for proper production.You can also serve them balanced feed, prepared for the chickens. Pigeon feed should contain 15-16 % protein.Every pigeon consume 35-50 grams of grainy feed daily. For fast growing of baby pigeon and for nutrition of adult, feed them oyster shell, lime stone, bone powder, salt, greet mixture, mineral mixture etc. with their regular feed.Along with this, feed them some green vegetables daily. A chart of balanced feed for pigeons mentioned below.Feed IngredientsAmount (kg)Broken Wheat2.8 kgBroken Maize2.2 kgMustard1.0 kgBroken Gram1.0 kgSoybean Cake0.8 kgRice Bran1.8 kgSalt0.4 kgTotal10 kgWhat to Feed Baby PigeonsBaby pigeons (squab) don't need extra feed for 5-7 days. They take crop milk from their parent's stomach. Which is known as pigeon milk.Male and female pigeon used to feed their baby in this way for about 10 days. After that, they become able to fly and can eat food of their own. Keep fresh feed and clean water near their house.WaterKeep water pot near their house. They will drink and take bath from that water pot. Clean the water pot daily. Always try to serve them sufficient amount of clean water.BreedingGenerally male and female pigeons stay in pairs. They are naturally very good breeders.During laying period they collect straw and make a small nest. Female pigeons start laying eggs when they reach 5 to 6 months of age.They lay a pair of eggs nearly after one month. Both male and female pigeon hatch the eggs one after another. It takes about 17 to 18 days to hatch the eggs.If artificial nest needed, make it. As the eggs are very small in size, so squab production is very profitable than consuming the eggs.Diseases & Health ProblemsLike other domestic poultry birds, pigeons are also susceptible to some diseases and other health problems.Although, diseases in pigeons are comparatively less than any other poultry birds. They can suffer by TB, paratyphoid, cholera, pox, newcastle, influenza etc.They can also suffer by various louse and malnutritious diseases. Taking preventive methods is always recommended for controlling diseases.Call a vet immediately, if you notice any disease or health problem in your pigeons.Caring & Other ManagementTaking good care of the birds is very important for pigeon farming business. Good caring not only helps the birds to grow better, but also helps them to stay healthy.So try to take good care of your birds. Here we are trying to describe about some caring tasks:- Always try to follow advice from an experienced veterinarian.- Always try to keep the house clean and germ free. Hygiene rearing system is a must for keeping your birds healthy.- Separate the disease affected bird from healthy birds.- Vaccinate them timely.- Keep them free from worms.- Feed them balanced food to prevent malnutritious diseases.- Use medicine for removing louse from their body.MarketingThis is another important part of successful pigeon farming business. Because your venture will not be much profitable if you can market your products easily. So, try to determine the marketing strategies before starting this business. Most probably, you will be able to sell your products in the local market, or any nearest town.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful pigeon farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

[roysfarm]

Best Quail Farming Business Guide For Beginners

Before discussing more about commercial quail farming business, let us first explain 'what is quail farming'? Actually the term 'quail farming' means, raising quails commercially (like other poultry birds) for the purpose of profitable eggs and meat production.As far as we have experienced, quail farming business is very easy, lucrative and entertaining.It's very easy to maintain a quail farm, because quails are among the smallest species of poultry birds. The Japanese scientists first tamed the wild quails and revealed the ways to raise them as domestic birds.Commercial quail farming in Japan has spread tremendously. Now, people throughout the world performing quail farming business commercially for the purpose of meat and egg production.Quail farming is very profitable like other farming ventures, such as chicken, turkey or duck farming business.Almost all types of weather conditions are suitable for starting quail farming business. Meat and eggs of quail are very tasty and nutritious.Quail eggs are very nutritious than other poultry eggs. Because quail eggs contain comparatively more protein, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, B1 and B2.Quail farming can play a vital role to meet up the demand of food and nutrition. Quail farming business require small capital and labor.Quails can be raised along with your other poultry birds for meat or eggs production.Characteristics of Quail- Quails are very small sized bird.- An adult quail weights between 150 to 200 grams and an egg weights around 7 to 15 grams.- Female quails start laying eggs within their 6 to 7 weeks of age and continuously lay one egg daily.- They lay about 300 eggs in their first year of life. After that they produce about 150 to 175 eggs in second year. Eggs production gradually decrease after their first year of laying period.- Quail egg is very suitable for human health. It contains 2.47 % less fat than chicken egg. Many people believe that 'quail eggs help to prevent blood pressure, diabetic, pant etc'.- Quail meat is very tasty and nutritious. Fat is very low in their meat. So quail meat is very suitable for blood pressure patients.- Eggs are very beautiful with multiple color.- Quails do not incubate their eggs. So you have to use an incubator or brooder chickens for hatching their eggs.Advantages of Quail FarmingQuails are smaller sized poultry birds, and it's very easy to handle them. The main benefits of starting quail farming business are listed below.- Quails are smaller sized bird, so they can be raised within small place.- Feeding cost of quails are comparatively lower than chickens or other poultry birds.- Diseases are less in quails, and they are very hardy.- Quails grow very fast and gain maturity faster than any other poultry birds.- They start laying eggs within their 6 to 7 weeks of age.- It takes about 16 to 18 days to hatch their eggs.- Meat and eggs of quail are very tasty, delicious and nutritious. So it's a great source of food and nutrition.- Quail farming needs small capital, and labor cost is very low.- Quails can be raised successfully in commercial method. Some people have already started commercial quail farming business.- Quails are very strong bird and diseases or other health problems are less. So risks are less in this business.- Quail meat contain less fat. So, it is suitable for high blood pressure patients.- Their food to meat or eggs converting efficiency is satisfactory. They can produce one kg meat or eggs by consuming three kg food.- You can raise 6 to 7 quails in the same place that is required for one chicken.- As the quail eggs are smaller in size, so the price is also lower than other bird's egg. As a result, all types of people can buy quail eggs and you can easily sell the eggs.- As the primary costs are less, so you can start this business with a very little investment.- You can raise about 6 to 8 quails within 0.91 squire meter area.- As it is a lucrative business venture, so commercial quail farming business can be a great source of income and employment for the unemployed educated people. Even, you can start raising a few quails along with your current profession.Life Cycle of QuailsQuail generally survive for 3 to 4 years. An adult quail weights between 150 to 200 grams. Female quails start laying eggs from their 6 to 7 weeks of age. Each egg weights between 7 to 15 grams. They lay more than 300 eggs per year.Their eggs are very beautiful. Presence of light increase the egg productive efficiency of quails. They usually lay eggs at afternoon. It takes about 17 days to hatch their eggs.A newly born quail chick weights around 6 to 7 grams. Quail never incubate their eggs. For successful breeding purpose keep one male quail with every five female quails.Quail chicks become very sensitive and take about two weeks to be strong enough. Eggs of 9 to 11 grams weight with smooth and hard eggshell are perfect for hatching and producing chicks.How to Start Quail Farming BusinessAs quails are smaller sized poultry birds, so it's very easy to establish a quail farm. Make a proper quail farming business plan before starting. And work according to the plan.A proper business plan should include breeds, housing, feeding, care and marketing strategies. Here we are shortly describing every steps.Select Right Quail BreedsAt present there are 18 species of quails are available, which are very suitable for profitable quail farming business. Some of these breeds are famous for egg production and some are popular for meat production.According to their production, quail breeds are of two types such as broilers and layers. Here we have stated some popular broiler and layer quail breeds.Layer Quail Breeds- Tuxedo- Pharaoh- British Range- English White- Manchurian GoldenBroiler Quail Breeds- Bobwhite (American)- White Breasted (Indian)HousingHousing is very important for quail farming. Follow the instructions mentioned below while making house or cages for your quails.- Quail can be raised in both litter and cage systems. But quail farming in cage system is more suitable than raising them in deep litter system. In cage system, management is very easy and diseases or other problems are less.- Make a proper ventilation system and ensure proper flow of air and light inside their house.- You can raise 50 quails in a cage measuring 120 cm length, 60 cm wide and 25 cm height.- Use wire net for making their cages.- Measurement of the net would be 5 mm x 5 mm for adult quails.- Plastic cages are most convenient for quail farming business.- The house must have to be out of the reach of wild animals. Also take all necessary steps to prevent all types of predators.FeedingFor keeping your quails healthy, proper growing and highly productive, provide them balanced feed regularly. An adult quail consumes about 20 to 25 grams of food daily.Chick feed should contain 27% and adult feed 22-24% of protein. A chart of balanced feed for quails is shown below.IngredientsAge 0-3 Weeks4-5 WeeksAdultBroken Wheat485050Sesame Cake232222Kipper Fish201614Rice Bran689Broken Oyster shell2.253.254.25Salt0.500.500.50Mineral Mix0.250.250.25Total (Percentage)100100100Egg ProductionPresence of adequate light is highly recommended for desired egg production from your quails. You can provide artificial light and heat by using electric bulb or heater. You can use 40 to 100 watt bulb for this purpose. Demand of light and heat varies depending on the season.If you want successful breeding and want to hatch their eggs, then keep one male with every five female quails. For getting better egg production, select highly productive breeds and always keep their house dry and clean.Egg production also depends on temperature, feeding , water, care and management. To get desired egg production from your quails, light play a vital role. Lightening period of laying quails is shown below through a chat.AgeTemperature (o Celsius)Light (Hour)1 Week35242 Week30243 Week25124 Week21-22125 Week21126 Week21137 Week21148 Week21159 Week2116Other Time2116Raising Quail ChicksQuails never incubate their eggs. So, you can produce chicks by hatching their eggs through chickens or artificially through using incubators.Incubation period for quail egg is about 16 to 18 days. For maximum egg production, 16 hours of lighting period is required daily inside the quail house. Keep newly born quail chicks in a brooder house.Chicks need artificial heat and temperature management system for 14 to 21 days from their birth. Quail chick become very sensitive. They can be raised in both litter and battery system. Keep in mind the following factors while raising quail chicks.- Adequate temperature- Sufficient light- Proper air movement- Density of quail chicks- Supply of food and water- Hygienic rearing rulesProvide the layer quail chick heat and light according to their age. Follow the chart shown below.Baby AgeTemperature (o Celsius)Light (Hour)1 Week37.7242 Week35243 Week32.212BreedingQuails are naturally very good breeders. They will breed easily and will produce enough fertile eggs for hatching if you keep good ratio of male and female quails in your farm.DiseasesDiseases are less in quails, compared to other poultry birds. But you have to take good care and manage them properly, to keep them free from all types of diseases or illness.Good care and management is a must for profitable quail farming business. Generally they are not provided any disease preventive vaccines.Quail chicks can't tolerate weather change, and sudden temperature change. So they get affected by disease, if they experience sudden temperature or weather changes.Be very careful during this period. Following diseases are very harmful for the quails.- Coccidiosis: If the quails get affected by coccidiosis disease, serve them coaxial 20 by mixing with water (two grams per litter) for three days. Otherwise feed this according to the advice of a veterinarian.- Ulcerative Enteritis: Mix one gram streptomycin with one litter water and serve it to the quails for three days. This will stop ulcerative enteritis disease.Caring & Other ManagementTaking good care of the birds is very important for successful quail farming business.Quails are very hardy birds, and they generally require less caring. Although, taking good care will help the birds to grow better and produce more.Monitor your bird's health on a regular basis, and take necessary steps if you notice anything unusual.Vaccinate your birds timely, and always try to keep good contact with a vet in your area.Stock some necessary drugs. Never feed your birds with contaminated feeds and polluted water.Hygienic Quail Farming TipsTo keep your quails healthy and productive, follow the hygienic quail farming method which are mentioned below.- Always try to keep their house dry and clean.- Ensure proper movement of light and air inside their house.- Keep different aged quails separated from each other.- Separate the disease affected quails from the healthy one.- Burn the dead bird or put under soil.- Don't allow other birds, animals or unknown persons enter inside your farm quail house.- Ensure hygienic and balanced feed supply.- Provide adequate fresh and clean water according to their demand.MarketingQuail meat and eggs are very tasty and highly enriched with nutrient elements. So there is already an established market for quail products.As quail birds and their eggs are small in size, so it is cheap in price and all types of people can purchase. So you don't have to worry much about marketing your products.You can easily sell the eggs and meat in your local market. But it will be better if you determine your marketing strategies before starting this business. Because all places around the world have not the same marketing facilities.In a word, quail farming is playing an important role for fulfilling the daily family nutrition demands and earning livings.And commercial quail farming can be a great source of employment, and earning some extra income along with your current job or profession.Quail farming is also very entertaining and it is very easy to raise some quails. If you intend to join this business venture, then try to visit some farms in your area. And finally do it.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful quail farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

[roysfarm]

Profitable Koi Fish Farming Business Guide For Beginners

Koi fish farming or climbing perch farming is very easy, popular and profitable business. Koi is very popular among the general people of some Asian countries, from the ancient time.Because koi is a very tasty and nutritious fish. Once upon a time koi fish was highly available in the canal, small rivers, swamp, inundation land of Bangladesh, India, Thailand and some other South Asian countries.Koi fish is considered as the most popular and tasty fish among the all fish species available in these countries. This fish is also very precious nowadays.Koi fish is also known by some other names such as as climbing perch, koi mach, anabas testudineus etc. It is a common fish species of many countries.Koi fish is generally a freshwater fish. This fish can be found in small rivers, canal and swamp.Nowadays, commercial koi fish farming in pond is becomming very popular. Commercial farming method, classification, benefits of Thai koi fish farming and care are described below.Classification of Koi FishScientific name and classification of koi fish are listed below.- Kingdom : Animalia- Phylum : Chordata- Class : Actinopterygii- Order : Perciformes- Suborder : Anabantoidei- Family : Anabantidae- Genus : Anabas- Species : A. testudineus- Scientific Name : Anabas testudineusAdvantages/Benefits of Thai Koi Fish FarmingKoi fish farming is very easy and profitable. Here we describing the main benefits/advantages of cultivating Thai koi fish commercially.- Demand of koi fish is very high, as a result it's market value is comparatively higher always.- These fishes are able to survive in adverse environment conditions, and mortality rate is very low.- Can be cultivated in greater density.- Can be cultivated in small pond or cage.- Become suitable for sale comparatively in short time, within 3-4 months.- Growing climbing perch is very profitable and these fish can be cultivated multiple times per year.- Diseases are less in koi fish than other fish species.- You will require relatively less capital for starting this business.- Feeding costs are relatively less, and you can produce the feed of your own.- Koi fish is mainly insectivorous. For this reason koi fish can be cultivated by providing insects, small fish, toad minnow, snail, oyster flesh etc.- You can utilize your family labor, if you start small scale production.- Commercial production is very profitable, and it can be a great income and employment source. Especially for the unemployed educated young people.- If you don't have enough money for starting commercial production, then you can apply for bank loans.- Consuming climbing perch has many health benefits, and you can enjoy fresh fish if you start your own production business.How to Start Koi Fish Farming BusinessStarting koi fish farming or climbing perch production is relatively easy and simple. It's like growing other fish species, and beginners can also start this business.There are very little or almost no difference between Thai koi and common koi. But there are some black spots in the backside of the body of Thai koi and their body is flat than the common koi.Koi fish generally grow very fast and can be cultivated in both small pond and cages. However, cultivating in pond is more profitable. Here we are trying to describe more about starting and operating this business.Pond Selection & ManagementIt will be better if the selected pond is in open area where adequate sunshine is available. Clean the bush around the pond shore. Cut the branches if there are any big trees in the shore, and ensure at least 8 hours sunlight every day.Especially smaller sized pond is very suitable for Thai koi fish farming business. The perfect size of the pond is 20-30 cent (8500 to 13000 square feet).The main advantage of small pond is easy of maintain. Because, the smaller sized ponds are easily maintained. Ideal depth of the pond is 5-6 feet.For preparing the pond, remove water from it and let it dry. Remove the excessive clay from the pond, because excessive clay creates harmful gases.You can use some sand for minimizing the amount of clay. Sand keeps the water clean and environment of the pond fresh.Using Lime & FertilizerAfter making the pond dry, you have to prepare it for koi fish farming by using both chemical and organic fertilizers.Using lime is very important. Use lime at the rate of 100 kg per acre. Use 500 kg dung per acre after applying lime. Fill the pond with water, after using organic fertilizers.And then spray 20 kg urea and 20 kg TSP (triple super phosphate) per acre by mixing with water. You can also apply directly instead of spraying with water.You can stock the minnow of Thai koi after 5-7 days of applying organic and chemical fertilizers.If it's not possible for you to make the pond dry, then ensure there are no harmful animals or cannibalistic fish species available in the pond.Then apply 100 kg lime per acre. And after 3-5 days of that use, apply 500 kg dung, 20 kg urea and 20 kg TSP per acre.And you can stock minnow 5-7 days after applying the fertilizer. Water of the pond will become slightly green, after 5-7 days of applying fertilizers.Feed ManagementThai koi is a very fast growing fish species. They will grow faster and reach marketing size faster than any other commercial fish species.That's why providing adequate nutritious food is very important. Here we are tying to describe more about feed management.Rough Feed ManagementFor desired growth of koi fish, you must have provide them enough nutritious food. Rough feed is the primary feed management system, and it is mainly for the poor fish farmers who don't have much money for feeding commercial feeds.In this system, you can use snail or oyster flesh, toad minnow, tripe or fishmeal (not regularly), rice bran, mustardcake etc.Using at least one from the above mentioned feed ingredients and using others occasionally can bring good result.High quality rough feed can be made for Thai koi fish by mixing 25% fishmeal, 30% rice bran, 25% mustard or coconut cake, 20% roughage together.Commercial FeedFor regular and commercial koi fish farming, you have to provide them sufficient amount of high quality pelleted feed to get maximum production.For growing koi fish, the pellet feed should contain 30-35% protein. If such commercial koi fish feed is not available in your area, then you can use lobster and shrimp feed.You can produce the feed of your own. This will help you to save some money, and at the same time you will be able to maintain good quality.You can use easily available ingredients for making such food. Follow the formula mentioned below:IngredientsPercentageProteinFishmeal25.75%Bone And Meat Meal8%3.5%Blood Meal7%4.9%Mustered Cake20%6.6%Rice Bran17%2.1%Wheat Chaff10%1.7%Flour5%.9%Dried Molasses5%.8%Oyster Powder1%-Premix1%-Salt1%-Feed Applying RateYou have to apply adequate amount of feed for commercial Thai koi fish farming. Koi fish require high amount of food for their first few days (according to their body weight). And it will reduce when they will grow older.Use approximately 10% feed at first month according to the body weight of fish, 6% in second month, 4% in third month, and 3% at fourth month.Provide the total amount of food twice a day. Food providing rate for 4 months, of 1000 koi fish is listed in the following table.Age (Days)Feed (Grams)0-1540016-3060031-4585046-60100061-75120076-90130091-1051350106-1201400BreedingLike many other fish species, the koi fishes are also naturally very good breeders. But most of the farmers don't want to produce fingerlings at their farm. Rather the commercial producers used to purchase fingerlings from the hatcheries.Caring & Other ManagementTaking good care of the fish is very important. Because, good caring not only helps the fish to grow better, but also helps them to stay free from health problems.Check the water quality regularly. Change the water if there are excessive moss, gas in the water.Also change water if it become foul-smelling due to the use of excessive feeds and fertilizer (especially rough feed).If water changing facility is not available in your area, then use medicine or lime according to the recommendation of an expert.Always try to keep good contact with an expert in your area. And ask him/her immediately, if you notice any health problem.HarvestingIf you practice all the good methods and ways mentioned above, then your fish will become suitable for harvesting within 3-4 months.For Thai koi fish, the right harvesting size starts when they reach between 40 and 80 grams live body weight.You can use the common fish harvesting methods for harvesting koi fish, such as netting.Have the baskets and trucks ready, so that you can send the fish to the market immediately after harvestingMarketingMarketing koi fish is very easy and simple. It is a very common and popular fish. Especially in the south Asian countries.Both demand and value of this fish are very high in the market. Hope you will probably be able to easily sell your products in the local market.Although, you can target the nearest towns for selling your fish.YieldIt's not possible to tell the exact yield per acre. It depends on numerous factors. But in proper care and management, you can expect up to 1 ton production per acre.Tips For Koi Fish Farming- Quality of water is very important for koi fish farming. Always keep the moderate rate of pH in the water.- Koi fishes have no interest in phytoplankton. So, remove the phytoplankton bloom from the water.- Use net around the pond, so that the fishes can't go outside from the pond in rainy season.- If you notice any health problem, then contact with an expert as soon as possible.- Always provide healthy and nutritious feed. Never provide them contaminated feeds.- Use high quality, healthy and diseases free fingerlings. Try to purchase the fingerlings from any reputable hatcheries in your area.- Live koi fish is very popular. Demand and value of live fish both are higher than dead fish. So try to market the fish immediately after harvesting.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful koi fish farming business. It's very easy and the beginners can also start this business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

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Highly Profitable Ostrich Farming Business Guide

Commercial ostrich farming is a profitable business. But it is not as popular as duck, chicken, pigeon, quail or other poultry birds. It is comparatively a new agribusiness, but it is highly profitable.Ostrich is the world's largest living bird. The males on average stand about 2.4 meter tall and can weight well over 100 kg. But the females/hens are slightly smaller than the males.Ostriches can't fly. Their great body size but reduced wind size rendering them incapable of flying. Generally, ostriches have a long neck, long bare legs and two toes. Neck and thigh muscles are well developed and unfeathered.Ostriches have long and strong legs, and they are the fastest bird. They are able to run up to 70 kilometer per hour when necessary, with strides of up to 8 meter.Currently, many countries around the world have started commercial ostrich production. The first commercial ostrich farm was established in South Africa in about 1860, mainly for harvesting the feathers.And commercial ostrich farms began to spread gradually to other countries around the world. Especially Australia, Egypt, New Zealand, Argentina and United States started commercial ostrich production.Total number of ostriches raised commercially reached over 1 million by 1913. But the ostrich feather market crashed and the number of total commercial ostrich farms dropped significantly after the First and Second World Wars.Then the industry managed to survive on a much smaller scale in South Africa. And commercial production grew steadily thereafter, not only for their feathers but also for their meat and hides.South Africa alone exported a record high of 90,000 ostrich hides to the United States in 1986. And after 1986, the shortage of ostrich skin caused prices to rise.And this made commercial ostrich farming an lucrative proposition and a number of farms were established in Europe and more in the United States.Today, commercial ostrich farming is expanding gradually as a profitable business. You can start this business if you have enough money and if you want to produce something different in your farm.Uses of OstrichOstriches are used for many different purposes. They are actually a multipurpose bird. Previously, they were used mainly for feathers, but now they are used for their meat, eggs and also skin. Main uses of ostriches are:- Feathers: The feathers of ostriches are extremely durable and valuable. You can start harvesting the feathers when the birds reach around 60 kg body weight or more. Ostrich features are used for making dusters for cleaning, hat and home decorations.- Meat: Ostrich meat is very nutritious and generally sold at high price. The meat is lower in fat, calories and cholesterol. It is a good source of protein and iron.- Eggs: Just like the size of ostriches, the eggs are also large in size. The eggs are about 6 inches long, 5 inches wide and weight around 2 kg. A female bird can lay about 15-45 eggs per season. The eggs are rich in protein. One ostrich egg is equivalent to 25 chicken eggs. The egg shells can be used as water vessel, cups and vase. In addition, the egg shells are also used in making necklace beads. Most of the producers don't eat the eggs. Rather they keep the eggs for hatching.- Skin: The ostrich skin/leather is thick, soft and durable. It is of very good quality, and used to make clothing, boots, carpets, handbags etc.Advantages of Ostrich FarmingYou can ask, why should I start ostrich farming? Well, it's a relatively new and profitable business idea.There are numerous advantages/benefits of starting this business. Here we are trying to describe the top advantages of commercial ostrich farming business.- Commercial ostrich farming is definitely a profitable business. Many people have already started this business for making profits.- Ostriches are very hardy, and they are adaptable to many different climatic conditions.- They generally require less caring, and the caring process are very easy.- Diseases and other health related problems are less in these birds.- Commercial production will require high investment. But the ROI is relatively good, and you will get your invested money back soon.- Ostriches eat a different types of food. You can feed them easily available foods.- Demand of ostrich products is increasing. The price of the products is also very high.- Commercial ostrich production can be a very good business. It can be a good employment source, especially for the educated unemployed young people.- If you are willing to enjoy ostrich eggs and meat, then producing your own can be a great way.How to Start Ostrich Farming BusinessStarting commercial ostrich farming business is not too easy. It requires knowledge, and high investment as compared to other poultry farming business.So, we recommend having practical knowledge or training before starting this business commercially. Try to complete a training from an existing farmer, or from any govt or non-govt institution.Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating a successful ostrich farming business from purchasing birds to caring and marketing.Complete TrainingFirst of all, we will recommended you having a short/full training about ostrich raising and it's management. Without proper training, you will not be able to raise these birds successfully. And it will be very good if you can learn practically from an existing farmer.Select a Good LocationSelecting a good location is very important for starting commercial ostrich farming business. It will be better if the selected area is free from all types of noises and pollution.Try to avoid residential areas. Ensure good/easy source of clean and fresh water in your selected area. Also ensure good transportation system.Select Right BreedThere are actually 5 different types or subspecies of ostriches are known. Select any type depending on the availability in your area.- Arabian ostrich (also known as Middle Eastern ostrich)- Black necked ostrich (also called Southern or Cape ostrich)- Blue-necked ostrich (also called Somali ostrich)- Masai ostrich (also called Kenyan Red ostrich)- Red necked ostrich (also called North African ostrich)Housing/ShelterMaking a good shelter/housing system is a must for commercial ostrich farming business. Ostriches are large birds, and they can tolerate almost all types of weather and environmental conditions.The size of the house will vary depending on the number of birds. Generally, each mature bird require between 60 and 80 square feet housing space.Ostriches are tall birds. So, the house must have to be high enough to accommodate the birds easily. Average height of the mature birds is about 7-8 feet. So, the house must have to be 10-12 feet high.Ostriches prefer sandy place to live. You can add some sand inside the house. Select a calm and noise and pollution free place for building the house.Always try to keep the house clean. And ensure that the house is very comfortable for the birds.FencingMaking a fence around the farm area will be very effective. A good fence will help the birds to stay inside, and the birds will not be able to escape and go outside the farm area.A good fencing system will also help you to keep your farm free from predators and harmful animals. It will also prevent the entrance of unwanted people inside your farm. Wire net is a good fencing option.FeedingFeeding the birds with very good quality and nutritious food is the most important part of commercial ostrich farming business. Because, good food not only helps the birds to stay healthy but also helps them to grow better and produce more.Ostriches generally eat plant, grass, fruits, leaves, flowers, grains etc. They also eat insects occasionally.For commercial ostrich production, you can feed them ready-made poultry feeds. A well balanced and healthy food should contain the following:- 20-24 % of crude protein- 12-19 % of crude fiber- 1.2-2 % of calcium- 0.6-1.1 % of phosphorus- 10,000-15,000 IU/kg vitamin A- 1,500-2,500 IU/kg vitamin DAdd extra 2.8% calcium in their feed during the breeding period. Also provide your birds with adequate greens, vegetables and grasses.Ostriches are large birds, so they will drink a good amount of water daily. Ensure availability of adequate water according to their demand.BreedingLike many other domestic poultry birds, ostriches are also naturally very good breeders. They will breed easily if you keep good ratio of male and females in your farm.Generally, ostriches gain maturity at their 2 to 4 years of age. The females generally reach maturity about 6 months earlier than the males.Breeding season starts from March or April and stay up to September. Although, this time can vary depending on the weather condition.Generally, one male bird is enough for breeding 2 to 7 females. The birds make special type of sound during their mating time.The male birds spread their wings for attracting the female birds. If the male bird can successfully impress the female, then they will go in a calm place and then mate.The male birds will make a 30-60 cm deep hole and the female birds will lay eggs there. A hen can lay between 15 and 45 eggs in a season.After laying all the eggs, both male ad female birds will hatch the eggs (one after another throughout the day and night). Generally, it takes about 35 to 45 days to hatch the eggs.The males take care of the chicks and teach them everything. Ostrich chick survivality rate is very low. Although, you can increase this rate through proper care.CaringOstriches are very strong and hardy birds. They generally require less caring and other management.Although, taking additional caring will help the birds to grow better and produce more. So, try to take good care of them.Vaccinate them timely and always try to keep good contact with a vet in your area. Never provide them contaminated feeds or polluted water.MarketingOstrich products are gaining popularity gradually. Although, it's not too easy to sell all the products in the local market. So, you have to set your marketing strategies before starting this business.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful ostrich farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

[roysfarm]

Profitable Deer Farming Business Guide For Beginners

Commercial deer farming is a pretty new business idea. It is very easy to raise some deer and they easily maintained. They are just like other domestic animals and it's very easy to start and operate a deer farming business.A deer farm is actually a good business and many different species are good for commercial production. Popular species are elk, moose, reindeer, or especially white-tailed deer are raised as livestock.Commercial deer farming is gaining popularity mainly for it's valuable meat, skin etc. New Zealand is the largest supplier of farm-raised venison.Large-scale commercial farming of deer originated in New Zealand, and that country still has the world's most advanced deer farming industry.Deer farming business has a great opportunity for making higher profits and creating a good employment sources.Deer is among the most beautiful wild animals of the nature. And all types of people love them, especially for their beauty and gentle nature. Depending on the species, the body of deer is very colorful.As deer is a wild animal, so you can hardly see any deer around you.Nowadays world population is increasing rapidly, and people are searching for some new agribusiness ideas which can ensure food security and create a sustainable and profitable income source.Commercial deer farming business can be a part of this. Deer is a wild animal, and the population in the wild is decreasing gradually.So by raising deer commercially, we can make a good income source and at the same time can save this animal form being extinct.Deer products have huge demand and high value in the market. But there are some problems with this lucrative business.Commercial deer farming business is not permitted by the Government of some countries. So before planning for starting this business, contact with your nearest wildlife service center and ask them if commercial deer farming is permitted in your country or not.Wild vs Domestic DeerIn the ancient time, people used to hunt animals to meetup their daily food demands (not as a hobby or for entertainment).If they could hunt or catch few animals, they used to kill some to meetup their food demands and keep the rest inside their house for the purposes of using the animals in the future.Since then human beings started keeping wild animals with them inside their house. Among those home bounded wild animals, some species accepted the allegiance of human beings and started breeding and living with them.Cows, goats, sheep, buffalo, horse, donkey and different types of wild birds are most common among those wild animals.Nowadays, deer is also considered and raised as a domestic animal in some countries around the world. Deer farming is very easy and highly profitable, especially for the high demand and rate of deer products in the local and international market.Human beings and animals need trees and forests for surviving. As the number of forests and trees are reducing rapidly, so the suitable place for the wild animals are decreasing.As a result, it is very important for us to raise some special species of wild animals like deer, to keep them from being extinct.Advantages of Deer Farming BusinessCommercial deer farming is very profitable like other livestock farming business. Deer meat is highly expensive than cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, duck or chicken meat.Usually deer eat grass, leaves or grains like other livestock animals such as goat, cow or sheep. So it is very easy to feed them.There are many good reasons for why you should start deer farming business. Here we are trying to describe about the top advantages/benefits of commercial deer farming business.- It's a pretty new agribusiness, but highly profitable. You can start this business if you have enough money.- Deer farming is considered as a symbol of nobility in some societies around the world.- You can become very popular and famous in your area within a short time through raising deer.- Farming deer is a great source of entertainment for all aged people, especially for the kids.- The skin of deer is very precious. Rich people use the skin for decorating their house.- People make many valuable commodities using deer skin, and it has a great demand in the American and European countries.- The male deer produce a pair of horn every year which has a very high value.- Deer meat is very tasty and delicious. It has a great demand and high value throughout the would.- If you keep some deer inside your property, they will increase the beauty of your property.- You can start raising deer, if you have the experiences of raising cow, goat, sheep etc. Deer farming is very easy like goat farming.- Diseases are less in deer than other livestock animals. By raising deer commercially, you can make a sustainable income and employment source. Unemployed educated young people can easily start this business.- Return on investment ratio (ROI) is very high in this business. You will get your invested money soon.How to Start Deer Farming BusinessStarting a commercial deer farming business is just like starting any other livestock farming business. It is very easy and simple.Even the beginners can start raising some deer. Here we are trying to describe more about starting and operating a deer farming business.Select a Good LocationFirst of all, you have to select a very good location for starting your business.Try to select a calm and noise and pollution free place for your farm. Ensure good water source in your farm.Also ensure availability of electricity and good transportation system.HousingHousing is very important for commercial deer farming business. In the wild condition, deer used to live under big trees or near any grassland.But if you want to raise them inside your property, then you have to make a comfortable and suitable house for them.Deer usually like high and dry place for living. So make a house for them in a higher place, and try to keep the house always dry. The size of the house depends on the number of the deer you intend to raise.FeedingDeer usually like to eat grass, leaves, corn, grain etc. like other livestock animals. Their eating habit is the same as goats, cows, sheep and other herbivorous domestic animals.You can feed the deer grass, leaves of the tree, kitchen garbage, various types of corns or grains etc.You can also feed them grainy feed which is very healthy for them. Along with providing nutritious feeds, ensure adequate supply of fresh and clean water according to their demand.BreedingLike many other domestic animals, deer are naturally very good breeders. They will breed easily if you keep good ratio of male and female deer in your farm.Caring & Other ManagementDeer are very strong and hardy animals. So, they generally require less caring and other management.Although, taking good caring is very important for proper growth and good health of the animals.So, try to take good care of your animals. Vaccinate them timely. And always try to keep good contact with a vet in your area.MarketingMarketing deer products is not too easy. Because commercial deer farming is not allowed in all countries. So, try to determine your marketing strategies first, before starting this business.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful deer farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

[roysfarm]

Pros and Cons of Goat Farming Business You Should Know

Discussing about the pros and cons of goat farming (advantages and disadvantages) is very important for starting and operating a successful goat farming business.Commercial goat farming business has many advantages and disadvantages. It is a very profitable business, and at the same time it also has some disadvantages.If you are a beginner, and want to start a goat farming business, then you should know about these pros and cons of goat farming business.Here we are trying to describe about the top pros and cons of goat farming business. Hope this guide will be helpful for you to take proper decision.Pros and Cons of Goat Farming BusinessGoats are wonderful creatures, and they are being raised for long time in India. There are many advantages/pros of goat farming business. Currently, goats are being raised commercially in most of the parts of the world.And popularity of commercial goat farming business is increasing gradually. Huge market demand and availability of many different goat breeds are the main advantages of goat farming business.There are already many large goat farming companies available in many parts of the world, and they control a notable portion of the total market demand. As the population increasing, the demand of food is also increasing. Commercial goat farming business can play a very important role to meet up this increasing food demand.Goat products such as milk and meat, both are very nutritious and good for human health. Goats are among the main meat producing animals in many countries.Most of the people who consume meat, generally prefer goat meat. So, goat meat has great demand in the international market. The milk is also popular in some areas.Goats are actually multi-purpose animals. Along with meat and milk production, their skin and fiber are also valuable. Goat manure is also of very good quality and can be used for crop or other green production.Pros/Advantages of Goat Farming in IndiaGoats play a very important role in the rural economy of some poor countries. If you are thinking about starting goat farming business, you need to know about the advantages/pros of goat farming business.Goats are multi-purpose animals, and there are many breeds available to choose from. However, here we are describing more about the main advantages of goat farming business.Require Less SpaceGoats are smaller sized animals. So they generally require less space, compared to some other domestic animals. They have less housing demands, and a house with minimum facilities will be good for them. Even the goats can be kept with your other farm animals (in small scale family farm production).Less Feeding RequirementsAs the goats are smaller sized animals, so they require less feeds. There are some goat breeds available in India which can survive in low quality feeding also.Easy to CareMost of the goat breeds generally require less caring and other management. They are very easy to care, even women and children can care for them.UtilitiesGoats are multi-purpose animals, and they are raised for many different purposes. Their multipurpose utility is another advantages of goat farming business. Goats are generally raised for meat and milk.But some goat breeds are also used for fiber or skin production. Some goat breeds are also very good for raising as pets.Availability of Many BreedsDepending on your area, there are some native goat breeds available, and you can choose any. You can choose any breed depending on your production purpose.Among the native goat breeds, some are popular for meat production, some breeds are good for milk and some goat breeds are good for both meat and milk production.Jamunapari, Beetal , Jakharana and Surti goats will be good for you if you want to start commercial dairy goat farming business. Some good meat goat breeds are Sirohi, Sojat, Osmanabadi etc.If you want to produce both meat and milk, then selecting dual-purpose goat breeds will be good. Beetal, Sirohi, Barbari, Marwari, Mehsana, Kutchi, Gohilwadi and Zalawadi goats are good dual-purpose goat breeds. There are also some exotic goat breeds available (such as Boer, Alpine etc) in some countries.Ready MarketGoat products such as meat and milk have great demand in international market. So you don't have to be worry about marketing your products. Goat products have no religious taboo, and are highly accepted for consumption.Climate ToleranceGoats are very hardy animals, and they can adapt themselves with almost all climates around the world.Goats are Hardy AnimalsGoats are very strong and hardy animals. They are capable of surviving well than other animals. They are capable of resisting many common goat diseases.Grow FasterThe goats are faster growing animals. They become mature quickly and multiply their numbers in the flock within a very short period of time. Goats generally reach slaughtering weight much faster.Great ROIGoats are easy to care, and they require less spending on their feeding, housing and caring. So, they make good profit for the farmers compared to total costs.Employment SourceCommercial goat farming is a great employment source for the people. Especially for the educated unemployed people.These are the main advantages of goat farming business. If you are a beginner and willing to start a new goat farming business, then you also need to know about the disadvantages of goat farming business. Good luck!Cons/Disadvantages of Goat FarmingAlong with many advantages of goat farming in India, there are also some difficulties or disadvantages of this business. Traditional farming system and lack of knowledge are the main disadvantages of goat farming business.Goat farming business is very easy, and definitely profitable if you can manage everything perfectly according to a plan. Although, there are some disadvantages that you should be aware of. The main disadvantages of goat farming business are listed below.Traditional SystemMost of the goat farmers use traditional system for raising goats. And a majority of the farmers used to keep their goats in extensive management system. They are not aware about the modern system.Lack of KnowledgeThere are also lack of knowledge about running the goat farming business effectively. There are many agriculture extension offices, Universities and Research centers available. But most of the people are not using these govt. services.Inability to Choose Right BreedMost of the goat farmers, especially the beginners fail to choose right breed for their business. As a result, they don't get good production. And then they leave this business.Starting Without ExperienceSome of the beginners start raising some goats immediately after making the decision. This is not wise, and the beginners without any practical goat farming knowledge will face high cost and mortality rates. And they generally make less profit or even face loss.Lack of Vet ServiceAdequate vet service is not available throughout the country. This is also a great disadvantages of goat farming business.Marketing Difficulties in Some AreaA good market is not always ready in some places. So the producers face problems for selling their products. This is not good for running a profitable goat farming business.Lack of Specially Designed VehiclesSpecially designed vehicles are needed and very useful for transporting live goats from one place to another. And there is lack of such vehicles.Lack of CapitalThe poor farmers in some poor countries don't have enough capital to start goat farming business in large scale. Enough capital for running a farm with at least 50-100 goats, will ensure good income from this business.These are the common disadvantages of goat farming business. Please review wisely both disadvantages and advantages of goat farming before making decisions.Hope this guide has helped you to learn more about the top pros and cons of goat farming business. Good luck!

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Profitable Mango Farming Business Guide for Beginners

Commercial mango farming is a very old and profitable business idea. Mango is a very popular fruit throughout the world, especially in India and some other south Asian countries.Mango is actually a stone fruit produced from numerous species of tropical trees belonging to the flowering plant genus Mangifera. And these trees are cultivated mostly for their edible fruit.Mangoes are native to South Asia, from where the 'common mango' or 'Indian mango' (magnifera indica) has been distributed worldwide to become one of the most widely cultivated fruits in the tropics.Today, there are several hundred varieties/cultivars of mango available throughout the world. And the mango fruit varies in size, shape, taste and skin color depending on the cultivar.Mango tree is the national tree of Bangladesh. And the fruit is the national fruit of India. Flesh color of the fruit may vary from pale, yellow, gold or orange depending upon the cultivar.Mango trees are large and can grow up to 130 feet tall depending on the variety. These trees are long lived, as some specimens still fruit after 300 years.Leaves of these trees are evergreen. The young leaves are orange-pink in coloration, and rapidly change to a dark, glossy red, and then dark green as they mature.Mangoes have actually been cultivated in many South Asian countries (especially in India) for thousands of years and reached Southeast Asia between the fifth and fourth centuries BCE.Today, mango plants are available and cultivated in many different countries throughout the world. It is mainly cultivated in the most frost-free tropical and warmer subtropical climates.India is the world's largest mango producer. And almost half of the word's total mangoes are cultivated in India alone. And the second largest country is China.However, commercial mango farming is a very old business. And this business is among the very old traditional business for the rural people. You can also start this business, even if you are a beginner.Mango Nutrition & Health BenefitsMango is called as the 'king of fruits' in some parts of the world. It is a native fruit of India and Southeast Asia and has been cultivated for thousands years.Mango is a very popular and common fruit in many countries. It has very good taste, it is delicious and it is also very nutritious.Many studies link mango and it's nutrients to health benefits, such as improved immunity, digestive health and eyesight, as well as a lower risk of certain cancers.Nutritional Value of MangoA raw mango is around 84% water, 1% protein, 15% carbohydrates and negligible amount of fat.The energy value per 100 g (3.5 oz) serving of the common mango is 250 kJ (60 kcal). Fresh mango contains only vitamin C and folate in significant amounts of the Daily Value as 44% and 11%, respectively (table).According to healthline, one cup (165 grams) of sliced mango provides:- Calories: 99- Protein: 1.4 grams- Carbs: 24.7 grams- Fat: 0.6 grams- Dietary fiber: 2.6 grams- Vitamin C: 67% of the Reference Daily Intake (RDI)- Copper: 20% of the RDI- Folate: 18% of the RDI- Vitamin B6: 11.6% of the RDI- Vitamin A: 10% of the RDI- Vitamin E: 9.7% of the RDI- Vitamin B5: 6.5% of the RDI- Vitamin K: 6% of the RDI- Niacin: 7% of the RDI- Potassium: 6% of the RDI- Riboflavin: 5% of the RDI- Manganese: 4.5% of the RDI- Thiamine: 4% of the RDI- Magnesium: 4% of the RDISo, mango is very nutritious. It is low in calories but high in many essential nutrients particularly vitamin C, which aids immunity, iron absorption and growth and repair.Health Benefits of Consuming MangoesConsuming mangoes has many health benefits. Here we are trying to describe about the top health benefits of consuming mangoes.- Mango is packed with different type of polyphenols (including mangiferin which is especially powerful). Polyphenols are plant compounds that function as antioxidants inside the body.- Consuming mango help to boost immunity. Because it is a good source of folate, several B vitamins, as well as vitamins A, C, K and E. All these nutrients help to boost immunity.- Mango is a good source of potassium, magnesium and the antioxidant mangiferin. And all these nutrients support healthy heart function.- Mango has digestive enzymes, water, dietary fiber and other compounds that aid different aspects of digestive health.- Lutein, zeaxanthin and Vitamin A support eye health. Lutein and zeaxanthin may protect from the sun, while a lack of vitamin A can create vision problems. Mango contain all these nutrients, that's why consuming mangoes is good for eye health.- Mango provides vitamin A, which promotes healthy hair.- Consuming mango is also good for your skin. Because it contains vitamin C which gives your skin it's elasticity and prevents sagging and wrinkling.- Mango polyphenols may fight oxidative stress, which is linked to colon, lung, prostate, breast and bone cancers.- Most importantly, mango is delicious and you can enjoy it in many different ways.Advantages of Mango Farming BusinessCommercial mango farming is a very common and popular business. It is very easy and even the beginners can also start this business.Commercial production is a great way for making profits. Here we are trying to describe more about the top advantages/benefits of mango farming business.- It's a very old business. So, you don't have to worry much about starting it. You will be able to find many experienced farmer within your area to learn practically.- Commercial mango production is very profitable, and you will be able to make good profits from this business.- It's a very old and established business. So, you don't have to worry much about this business.- Mango plants grow easily and it's very easy to take care of them.- Both price and demand of mangoes are high.- Marketing mangoes is very easy. Because this fruit already has good market demand. You will be able to sell your products in the local market.- Commercial mango production is profitable. So, it can be a good employment source for the unemployed people, especially for the educated young people.- Commercial mango farming doesn't require high investment, but it will require long time (several years). But once the trees are established, then you will get fruits continuously for many years.- Mango fruits is very tasty and nutritious. And consuming mangoes on a regular basis has many health benefits. You can enjoy fresh mangoes if you start your own mango farming business.How to Start Mango Farming BusinessMango plants are very strong and hardy, and caring them is very easy and simple. You can care them easily, even if you are a beginner.You can easily start this business. Here we are trying to describe more information about starting and operating this business from planting, caring, to harvesting and marketing.Select LocationFirst of all, you have to select a very good location for starting your mango farming business. Although you can use your existing land for growing mango trees.Actually, mango trees can be grown in a variety of soil types. But deep soil without any hard pan up to depth of 4 feet is required for mango cultivation. pH of the soil should be less than 8.5%. And mango plants don't grow in salty soil.Prepare SoilPreparing the soil perfectly is very important for growing mango plants. Do ploughing, cross ploughing of land and then level the land.And then prepare the land in such way that water stagnation should not occurred in field. Take one deeper ploughing after levelling, and then divide lands in blocks.Try to add as much organic fertilizers as you can during preparing the land. Spacing is varied from place to place.Climate Requirements For Mango FarmingMango plants are very strong and hardy, and they can grow in many different areas around the world. They generally require less maintenance than other commercial fruit plants.So, mango plants can be grown anywhere, where there is not much humidity in the atmosphere along with good rainfall and dry atmosphere. But low temperature is essential at the time of flowering.Hot and temperate climatic conditions are the main habitat of the mango tree. Temperature ranging between 24°C and 30°C is considered as the best suitable for mango cultivation (for getting increased number of mangoes).Planting can be done any time if you have enough irrigation facilities. But the plants are planted in the month of July to August in the rainfed areas.Choose Variety/CultivarsThere are many different varieties of mangoes available throughout the world. You should choose the right breed for your business depending on it's availability, price and market demand.Some common and popular mango varieties in India are Amrapai, Arka Arjun, Arka Puneet, Arka Anmol, Dusheri, Langra, Alphonso, Gangian Sandhuri, Mallika, Ratna, Sindhu, Manjeera, Bombay Green, Dashahari, Kesar, Himsagar, Chausa, Neelaum etc.Purchase PlantsMango plants are easily available. You will be able to easily purchase plants from any of your nearest nurseries. Today, there are some nurseries available with online presence. So, you can also consider ordering online.PlantingThe mango trees are mainly propagated by the grafting method (such as veneer grafting, arching grafting, epicotyl grafting etc.) in commercial production business.Keeping adequate distance between plants is very important. Use a distance of 9m x 9m for grafted varieties and plant them in square system.Dig pits at the distance mentioned above, at least one month earlier before planting. Expose them to sun and mix organic and chemical fertilizers.You can start planting the plants when the land become ready. Try to plant during afternoon, and choosing the rainy days for planting is a very good idea. Water the plants immediately after planting, if the soil is dry.CaringMango plants are very strong and hardy. So, they require relatively less caring, and the caring process is relatively easy. Here we are trying to describe more information about caring mango plants.FertilizingProviding fertilizers is very important for good growth of the plants and also for better production. Follow the chart below.Age of the plants (year)Decomposed cow dung (in kg)Nitrogen (in grams)SSP (in grams)MOP (in grams01-35-20100-200250-500175-3504-625200-400500-700350-7007-960-90400-500750-1000700-100010 and above10050010001000WateringAdequate watering is also very important for good growth of the plants. Exact amount and interval of irrigation depend upon many factors (such as soil type, climate and source of irrigation).Provide light and frequent irrigation to the young plants. Light irrigation always give good result as compared to flood irrigation.Apply irrigation at interval of 5-7 days during summer. And increase irrigation interval to 25-30 days during winter. No irrigation required during rainy season.Bearing trees require irrigation during fruit development period at interval of 10 to 12 days. Light irrigation is a must before and after applying fertilizers.MulchingMulching not only helps to retain moisture into the soil, but also helps to prevent weed growth. So, mulching is a must. You can use either polythene or organic materials as mulch.WeedingWeed controlling is also very important, because weeds consume nutrients from soil and the mango plants suffer.Weeding and earthing up should be done around newly planted crop. Inter-crop can be taken till plant gets well acquainted to surrounding atmosphere up to plant start bearing.Depending upon variety, it can take between 5 and 6 years to start bearing fruits commercially (some varieties also start bearing fruit after 1 year, but commercial production takes time).Inter-cropping helps to minimize weed control, and at the same time you can utilize your space for making extra money.Leguminous crop like mash, moong, gram and lentil can be grown as inter-crop. Also crop like onion, tomato, radish, beans, cauliflower, cabbage are useful for inter-cropping. Avoid Bajra, maize and sugarcane as inter-cropped.Pests & DiseasesLike many other commercial crops, the mango plants are also susceptible to many diseases and pests. Here we are trying to describe more about these pests and diseases and their preventing methods.Pests & Their ControlMango Fruit FlyIt is a serious pest of mango. Females lay eggs below epidermis of young fruits, later on maggots feed on pulp afterwards fruits starts rotting and get drop.Destroy the infected fruits away from field. Hang traps of 100ml emulsion of methyl Engenol 0.1% during fruit development stage.Start spraying of Chlorpyrifos 20EC@2ml/Ltr of water for three times with interval of 20days. Do this in the month of May.Mango HopperMango hopper infestation is observed mostly in February to March month when crop in flowering stage. If you observe infestion of these pests, then spray Cypermethrin 25EC @3ml or Deltamethrin 28EC@9ml or Fenvelarate20EC@5ml or Neembicidine 1000ppm@20ml in 10Ltr water on whole tree.Mealy BugMealy bug causes damage to crop by sucking sap from inflorescences, stem, leaves and shoot. Spray Acephate@2gm/Ltr or Spirotetramat@3ml/Ltr of water to control mealy bug.Stem BorerStem borer is a serious pest of the mango crop. It create tunnel under bark and destroy the tree by feeding on internal tissue. Larva of stem borer excreta is observed outside of tunnel.If you observe the infestation of stem borer, clean tunnel with hard wire and insert cotton swab dip in mixture of Kerosene and Chlorpyriphos in ratio of 50:50 and then close it with mud.Diseases & Their ControlAnthracnose/DiebackIn this diseases, dark black or dark brown spots are observed on shoots. Some small, raise, dark spots are also observed on fruits.Cut infested, dead portion and apply Bordo Paste on it to control this disease. If infestation observed in field take spray of Copper oxychloride@30gm/10Ltr on infected trees.If Anthracnose observed on new flush. Spray with Thiophanate methyl@10gm or Carbendazim@10gm/10Ltr of water.Black TipBlack tip affected mangoes get abnormally elongated at tips along with pre-mature ripening of fruits. Spray Borax@6gm/ltr of water plus Copper Oxychloride@3gm/Ltr of water for three times with 10-15days interval, during flowering stage.Powdery MildewWhitish powdery growth observed on inflorescence and the floral parts. In severe condition, they get drop. Also fruits, branches and floral part show dieback symptoms.Spray 1.25kg wet able sulfur in 200litre of water. Do this before flowering, during flowering and after fruit set. Take second spray with interval of 10-15 days, if needed.If infestation is observed in field, take spray of 178% Imidacloprid@3ml along with Hexaconzole@5ml/10Ltr water or Tridemorph@5ml or Carbendazim @10gm/10Ltr of water.HarvestingYou can start harvesting when the mangoes start changing color. Changing of fruit color is a sign of fruit maturity. It generally take 15 to 16 weeks after fruits set to get mature.Pick each fruit with help of ladder or bamboo having sharp knife and having net to collect harvested fruits. Avoid falling of fruits on ground as it will damage fruits during storage.Post-HarvestingAfter harvesting, do sorting and grading of mangoes according to their size, color and then packed in boxes. Place harvested fruits on polynet upside down.MarketingMarketing mangoes is very easy and simple. You can easily sell your products in the local market. You can also consider selling to the commercial companies. Determine your marketing strategies before starting this business.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful mango farming business. It's really very easy and simple. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck!

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Guinea Fowl Farming Business Plan for Beginners

The guinea fowl are poultry birds originating from Africa. Many poultry farmers in Africa are doing Guinea Fowl farming business successfully, mainly for making profits.The Guinea fowls are also sometimes called as guineas, pintades or gleanies. They were actually wild birds and the modern birds are the domesticated form of the helmeted Guinea Fowl.And they are related to other game birds such as the turkeys, partridges and pheasants. There is evidence that domestic Guinea Fowl were present in Greece by the 5th century BC, although the exact timing of their domestication is unknown.The guinea fowl are very hardy, vigorous and largely disease-free birds. They are increasingly popular among the keepers of small and backyard flocks.Currently they are available not only in Africa, but also found and popular throughout the world.People prefer guinea fowl farming for many reasons. The guineas sound an alarm whenever anything unusual occurs on the farm, and the loud sound has also been shown to discourage rodents from invading the area.Some people find this to be a nuisance, but others find it to be an effective tool for protecting the farm.The guineas are also an effective means of pest control. The flocks of guineas generally will kill and eat mice and small rats.They can also be used for controlling insects, without affecting garden vegetables or flowers. They are used for controlling wood ticks and insects such as crickets, grasshoppers and flies.There are also some downfalls of guinea fowl farming. They are noisy, so your neighbors might not appreciate your new flock.Guineas generally much prefer to roam freely, although they can be kept confined. The more space you have to allow your birds to roam, the happier they will be.In most cases, the guineas are not as tame as the chickens and they are hard to catch if you let them roam. However, read some more information about guinea fowl farming below.Advantages of Guinea Fowl Farming BusinessGuinea fowl farming is not a new business idea. People are raising them as domestic poultry birds from the ancient time.It is a good poultry bird and raising these birds is relatively easy. Here we are trying to describe the top advantages of guinea fowl farming business.- It's not a new business, and many people are already raising guinea fowls for making profits, and also for producing food.- Guinea fowls are relatively strong and hardy birds as compared to many other domestic poultry birds. So, raising and caring them is relatively easy.- Guineas are relatively smaller sized birds, so they will require less housing space. And their accommodation costs are relatively less.- As they are very strong and hardy, so they suffer less by diseases or other health problems.- You can feed them with almost everything what you can manage easily.- Commercial production is very profitable. And it can be a good employment source for the educated unemployed people.- Demand of guinea fowl products is good. So, you don't have to worry much about marketing your products.- You can enjoy fresh guinea fowl meat or eggs if you start your own guinea fowl farming business.How to Start Guinea Fowl Farming BusinessSteps for staring guinea fowl farming business is almost similar to other poultry birds, such as chickens. But before staring a flock, you must check local zoning regulations to make sure that raising gamebird is permitted.Checking this is important specially when starting guinea fowl farming, because they will range and cross the boundaries of a small lot. They are generally pretty quiet, but can be very noisy if disturbed.They are generally more active than the chickens and not tamed easily, and they seem to retain some of their wild behavior. However, read the steps for starting guinea fowl farming business carefully.Select a Good LocationYou have to select a very good location with all required facilities. You can also use your existing land for raising guineas. Consider following criteria while selecting land for guinea fowl farming.- Select a calm, noise and pollution free location for raising guineas.- Ensure good supply of adequate amount of clean and fresh water.- Having electricity facility will be good.- Ensure good transportation system is available near the selected land.HousingThe Guineas generally require less housing facilities compared to other common poultry birds.They are often left to fend for themselves. But it is wise to provide a shelter for protecting them from high winds, sun, cold, rain and predators.Their house or shelter can be a room allocated in the barn or a purpose-built facility specifically for guineas.Generally 2-3 square feet space will be good for each bird. It is important to provide the guineas plenty of room, if you confine your birds.The more room they have, the less likely they are to become stressed.Consider good flooring facilities, and the floor of the pen should be covered with an absorbent bedding material such as wood shavings or chopped hay or straw.If the litter is kept dry, it can stay in place for several months. Providing perches is very important, because guinea fowl prefer to roost.You must keep your guineas in covered pens, if you want to keep your birds from wandering in a specific area.The guineas are excellent flyers, and they are able to fly at a very early age. They are able to fly up to 400-500 feet at a time.They are also very good runners and they prefer to move on foot, including when escaping from predators.If you have chickens in your farm, then you should not confine the male guineas with chickens especially if there are roosters in the same flock.The guineas will chase the roosters, keeping them from food and water when the male guineas are housed with the roosters full-time.But if your flock is allowed to range freely during the day and is locked up only at night, it is safe to keep the guineas and roosters in the same barn.It also safe to house them together in a short-term emergency such as a blizzard or other bad weather.Provide your guineas with some nest boxes if you are keeping your birds for egg production (for hatching or human consumption).Nest boxes available in the market which are designed for the chickens are generally acceptable.You can also provide them some homemade nest boxes. Keep the guinea hens confined to the house until noon each day so that they will lay eggs inside. Doing this will reduce the likelihood of hens laying eggs in hidden nests outside.Select and Purchase GuineasAfter setting the house or shelter, consider purchasing high quality birds from local breeders, online sellers or feed stores.You can either buy adult or keets. But it will be much easier to tame the birds if you can raise them from keets.Purchasing healthy and high quality keets is the key to success in guinea fowl farming business.The guineas are available in a variety of 'pure-bred' colors. But many of the birds are cross-bred, resulting in multicolored feathers.Feather color of these birds is the only difference between the different varieties. The guineas are monogamous creatures, purchasing them in pairs is best.Identifying male and and female birds is very difficult, but not impossible. You can identify male and female if you look for these things.- The males generally have larger wattles than the females.- The females generally make a two-syllable sound, while the males make a single-syllable sound.- The males have a narrower opening between their pelvic bones than the females.- If you hold the guinea under one arm and use your free hand to feel the bones, you should notice a distance of about two fingers on males and three fingers on females.After purchasing the birds, it is best to keep them confined for a week or two to let them become accustomed to their new home.They could run away, if you let them out right away. It is good to confine them in a pen where they can see the area where they will be living. Let one bird out after the initial couple of weeks.As the guineas hate to be alone, so the single bird will not go far and will learn it's way around the area.Let a second guinea out after a few days to round with the first. It is generally safe to let the rest out, if they stay near the pen.FeedingThe guineas generally love to roam freely, and they forage for themselves and are able to meet most of their nutrition requirements on their own.They generally consume a variety of insects and arachnids, weed seeds, slugs, worms and caterpillars. They need to consume some greens for maintaining good digestion.So they eat grasses, weeds, dandelions and other vegetation. It is important to ensure the availability of grit, because they love to consume vegetation.They also benefit from having oyster shell available. They generally prefer wheat, sorghum or millet grain and they will ignore whole corn kernels.Restricting their feed will encourage them to spend more time eating insects if you are keeping them for pest control.If you want to keep your birds confined, and if they are not allowed to forage freely then you can feed them commercial poultry feed.Using unmedicated feeds is good for them. Compared to chickens, the guineas require a higher protein enriched feed. But they generally do quite well on regular poultry diet.The keets need extra protein, so keeping between 24 and 26 percent protein will be good. The protein level should be reduced to 18% to 20% for the fifth to eighth weeks.After eight weeks, the keets can be fed a 16% layer mash. You can mix a higher protein feed with a lying-hen mash to get the proper protein level, if you can't find feeds in the proper protein levels.Pelleted feed is not recommended for the guineas, and they should be fed mash or crumbles.Providing supplemental greens will be good for the guineas (such as leafy alfalfa), and they will eat the leaves.It is also important to remove any leftovers daily for preventing a mold problem.BreedingLike many other poultry birds, the guinea fowls are naturally very good breeders. They will breed easily and produce fertile eggs if you keep good ratio of male and females in your flock.Generally one male is kept with one female. But you can increase the number of females. One male bird will be enough to breed 5-6 females.CaringThe guinea fowl are not too good for taking care of their delicate little keets. They will sometime abandon a nest even after the hen has gotten broody and spent several nights on the eggs.Move the eggs to an incubator right away, if you notice that a nest has been abandoned.You can use a store-bought incubator, following the instructions for incubating turkey or pheasant eggs if no specific instructions are provided for guinea eggs. The incubation period is between 26 and 28 days.You will need to care for the keets once they have hatched. They need to care until they have fully developed feathers and are strong enough to hold their own with the rest of the flock. Using a broody hen can be helpful for hatching the eggs and raising the keets.Diseases & Health ProblemsGuinea fowls are very strong and hardy birds, and they are less susceptible to diseases and other health problems. Although, you should always keep good contact with a vet in your area.MarketingMarketing guinea fowl products is very easy and simple. Guinea fowl products (both meat and eggs) have very good demand and value in the market. Hope you will be able to market your products easily.Additional Guinea Fowl Information- Guinea fowl farming is fun and profitable at the same time if you can manage everything perfectly.- The guineas are generally raised as valuable pest controllers, eating many insects. They are especially beneficial in controlling the Lyme disease-carrying deer tick, as well as wasp nests.- But they are rarely kept in large numbers. Most of the farmers used to keep a few guineas with other fowl to be used as a security system against birds of prey.- They can also be raised for both meat and egg production. Their eggs can be eaten just like chicken eggs. Meat of the young birds is tender and tastes like that of wild game birds.- The meat is lean and rich in essential amino acids. The meat can be cooked using any recipe that calls for chicken.- Many color variations of the guineas available within the domesticated species.- These color varieties include white, slate, chocolate, purple, bronze, buff dundotte, blonde, coral blue, lavender and various pieds.- Three main varieties are raised in the United States which are lavender, pearl and white.- But the pearl variety is the most popular and typically the one that people recognize most readily. And the feathers from the pearl variety are often used for ornamental purposes.- Always try to take good care of your birds if you want to gain success in guinea fowl farming.These are the steps and ways for starting and operating a successful guinea fowl farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

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Lobster Farming Business Starting Tips For Beginners

Commercial lobster farming is a very profitable business. Commercial lobster production is not a very old business. It is relatively a new business idea, and modern commercial farming method has been used since the early 20th century.Lobster is actually a delicious seafood. It is very popular and it is enjoyed by many people around the world.Clean water, healthy place and providing good food are the main factors to consider while starting lobster farming business.Lobsters are actually a family of large marine crustaceans. They have long bodies with muscular tails. They live in all oceans, on rocky, sandy, or muddy bottoms from the shoreline to beyond the edge of the continental shelf.Lobsters generally live singly in crevices or in burrows under rocks. 3 of their 5 pairs of legs have claws, including the first pair, which are usually much larger than the others.Lobsters are highly prized as seafood and are economically very important. They are often one of the most profitable commodities in coastal areas they populate.Generally, the lobsters are caught using baited one-way traps with a color-coded marker buoy to mark cages. They are usually fished in water between 2 and 900 meters (although some lobsters can live at 3,700 meters).Commercial lobster farming business is not too popular yet, mainly because of lobster's tendency towards cannibalism and the slow growth of the species. However, here we are trying to describe more about the methods of modern lobster farming business.Advantages of Lobster Farming BusinessHere we are trying to describe about the advantages, before discussing more about the steps of starting lobster farming business.There are actually many advantages of starting commercial lobster farming business. You can start this business if you have enough facilities.- Commercial lobster farming is relatively a new business idea. And you can take this opportunity for making profits.- You can start this business easily if you live near coastal areas.- Commercial lobster production is a profitable business. So, it can be a good employment source, especially for the unemployed people.- Both demand and price of lobsters are very good. So, it's a great advantage.- Marketing lobsters is very easy. Lobsters are already very popular throughout the world. So, you don't have to worry much about marketing.- Lobster is very tasty and delicious. And you can enjoy some fresh lobsters if you start your own lobster farming business.How to Start Lobster Farming BusinessLobster farming is not as easy as growing other fish species. There are many steps to follow for starting this business.Here we are trying to describe all the necessary steps for successfully starting and operating this business.Select Good LocationFirst of all, try to select a very good location for starting commercial lobster farming business. You can either purchase land or consider renting.But you have to look for some basic facilities while selecting land. And these facilities include a good source of clean and fresh water, nearby source of lobster larvae, good transportation and it will be better if the selected area is free from pollution and noises.Determine Your Lobster Farming MethodYour lobster farm doesn't need to border the ocean. But it will be difficult for you to obtain lobster larvae if you are not close to an ocean, because lobster larvae do not ship well.Most of the lobster species live in salt water. So, you will either need a direct source of seawater, or you can purchase a kit to salinate the clean water you already have.You can grow lobsters in two different methods, such as land based or tank method and open sea cage system. You can choose any system depending on the available facilities in your area.Land Based SystemYou can successfully do land-based holding system with appropriate environment condition. Critical water quality parameters include the concentration of dissolved oxygen, ammonia, nitrate and carbon dioxide concentration.The concentration of nitrate, pH, salinity and alkalinity levels within the system is also necessary. The unionized ammonia is more toxic than the ionized ammonium.Ammonia concentration in culture water should be less than 2mg per liter, and it depends on the water temperature and pH.During the time of molting and after feeding, the demand for oxygen become higher and these generally occur during night hours. And it will directly affect the growth of lobster if optimum oxygen is not provided.Although lobsters can tolerate gradual changes in salinity to a limited range, sudden dilution can lead to stress, susceptibility to disease and mortality.Indoor Tank SystemRAS system is generally used in this system. Majority of the water is reused in the recirculating system after removal of the waste products.The recirculating system removes all the solid waste, ammonia and nitrite, carbon dioxide and aerates the water that returns to the fattening system.The solid wastes are removed by mechanical filtration and the ammonia and nitrite by biological filtration and carbon dioxide by a provision of air and water interface.In flow through systems, the water is pumped into another tank. The rate of water flow is determined by the stocking density and feeding intensity. The incoming water should be free of sediments.Open Sea Cage Lobster Farming SystemIt is a common and popular lobster farming system. The juveniles are stocked in the cage and are fed twice daily with mussel and trash fish.Although, some people also feed the lobsters with commercially prepared formulated diets. Such feeds have good conversion rates.Select Lobster Species For Commercial ProductionThere are numerous lobster species available throughout the world. You can choose any depending on the availability in your area.Some common and most popular lobster species are adik-adik, bamboo, and tiger lobsters. These species generally grow faster and have very good demand and value in the international market.This three species are different from each other like their name. The adik-adik lobsters are of reddish black in color. Bamboo lobsters have striped legs and it’s seems like bamboos.On the other hand tiger lobsters have spotted legs. You can choose any of these breeds depending on your location and desired production type.However, you should choose those lobster species which are easily available in your area. You can consult with some existing farmers in your area.Purchasing Larvae & StockingPurchase larvae from any supplier in your area, after selecting your desired species. Right stocking density depends on numerous factors. You can consult with some existing producers in your area.FeedingLobsters are omnivores and typically eat live prey such as fish, mollusks, other crustaceans, worms and some plant life. They scavenge if necessary and are known to resort to cannibalism in captivity.In commercial production, the lobsters are generally fed twice daily with mussel and trash fish. But formulated diets are also used. And such feeds have good conversion rates.BreedingLobsters are naturally very good breeders. They will breed easily in natural conditions. Although it is possible to breed and produce larvae in hatcheries.Caring & Other ManagementTaking good care of the lobsters is a very important part of commercial lobster farming business. So, always try to take good care of your lobsters.Always try to provide them with very good and nutritious food. Monitor their health on a regular basis and always try to keep good contact with an expert in your area.HarvestingYou can expect to harvest lobsters when they reach minimum marketing size. Lobsters are gently scooped by using nets to avoid damage to the species.Most of the lobster species will die when exposed to freshwater. So, don't harvest when it's raining.Post HarvestingThe lobsters are graded as new-shell, hard shell or old shell. Grading is a very important post harvesting task. Because the lobsters which have recently shed their shells are the most delicate and expensive.YieldIt's not possible to tell the exact amount, because it depends on numerous factors.MarketingMarketing lobsters is very easy and simple. Because lobsters already have very good demand and value in both domestic and international market. So, you will probably be able to sell your products easily in the local market.These are the common steps and ways for starting and operating a successful lobster farming business. Hope this guide has helped you! Good luck & may God bless you!

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10 Best Dairy Goat Breeds for Milk Production

Dairy goat breeds are those goats which are very good for milk production. These goat breeds are raised and mainly used for milk production. Goat milk is healthy and a great source of nutrition.You can raise one or a few dairy goat for having constant supply of nutritious milk for your family. You also need to choose best and highly productive dairy goat breeds if you want to start goat milk production commercially.Goat milk is actually very healthy and easy to digest. And the milk contain higher fat content and less amount of lactose than other types of milk, such as cow milk. Goat milk is easier to digest for the people who are suffering from Lactose Intolerance.For these reasons, the demand of goat milk is increasing gradually. And starting a goat farming business for milk production is a good decision today.Whether you are planning for a large scale commercial production or just want to raise one or a few goats for your family consumption, you have to select the best quality dairy goat breeds for getting maximum milk production.10 Best Dairy Goat BreedsActually all goat breeds produces some amount of milk. But in some breeds the amount of milk is just enough for feeding the kids, and not suitable for collecting for other purpose.So, you have to select highly milk productive breeds for starting your dairy goat farming business. Here we are shortly describing about top 10 dairy goat breeds.1. Alpine GoatThe Alpine is a great dairy goat breed with an average daily production of around 1-2 gallons of milk. The breed was actually originated from the French Alps. Average butterfat content in the Alpine goat's milk is about or higher than 3.5 percent.2. Saanen GoatSaanen is a popular dairy goat breed from Switzerland with an average daily milk production of around 1 gallon. And average butterfat content in their milk is between 2.5 and 3 percent.Saanen is among the biggest dairy goat breeds with the males growing over 200 lbs. Saanen goats are also of very good temperament and they can be raised as pets.3. LaMancha GoatThe LaMancha goats are noted for their distinct appearance with small or no visible ears. They are very friendly and also very good for meat production. They originated from Spain and average butterfat content in their milk is about 4.2 percent.4. Jamunapari GoatThe Jamunapari is an Indian dairy goat breed with an average production of around 1 gallon daily. The breed has a very beautiful appearance with long ears. It is a very popular dairy goat breed in India, and also in some other South Asian Countries.5. Toggenburg GoatThe Toggenburg goat is one of the oldest known dairy goat breeds, first seen in the 1600s. The breed has distinct appearance with straight face and full beards. Average butterfat content in the milk is around 3.3 percent.6. Nubian GoatThe Nubian goat is a fantastic dairy goat breed that can produce milk throughout the year. Average daily milk production of the breed is between 0.5 and 1.5 gallons.Butterfat content is relatively higher in the Nubian goat's milk, which is around or up to 5 percent. Along with milk production, these goats are also very good for meat production.7. Oberhasli GoatThe Oberhasli goats originated from Switzerland and produce great tasty milk (milk is very sweet). Average daily milk production is between 0.5 and 1.5 gallon.And on an average, the milk contain around 3.6 percent butterfat content. Like the Nubian goat, the Oberhasli goats also produce milk throughout the year.8. Golden Guernsey GoatThe Guernsey, aka Golden Guernsey is a small to medium sized dairy goat breed. On an average, the daily milk production of Guernsey goat is around or less than 1 gallon.The milk contain around 3.72 percent of butterfat content. And the breed is also considered as good for commercial milk production purpose.9. Sable GoatThe Sable goats are similar in appearance to the Saanen goat, except the coloring. They are of medium sized animal with an average body weight of around 145 lbs. Their milk is of good quality containing between 3 and 4 percent of butterfat content.10. Nigerian Dwarf GoatNigerian Dwarf goats are the smallest of dairy goat breeds, and they were originated for Africa. They generally don't grow more than 23 inches, but their milk production is very high compared to their body size.Nigerian Dwarf goats can be raised for milk production for family consumption, and the breed is actually not suited for commercial production. Average butterfat content in the milk is around 6.1 percent.

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10 Best Meat Goat Breeds for Meat Production

The goat breeds which are very good for producing meat and mainly used for meat production purpose are called meat goat breeds. Goat meat is a great source of nutrition and it is actually popular throughout the world.Goat meat is very healthy, and it contain less calories (almost as few calories as chickens). Goat meat is also easily digestible. Starting a goat farming business for meat production is a good decision.Meat goats actually grow very fast and they are very suitable for commercial goat farming business. Choosing the best meat goat breeds is very important for making maximum profit from your business.If you are willing to start goat farming business mainly for meat production purpose, you must have to choose the best meat goat breeds.10 Best Meat Goat BreedsThere are hundreds of goat breeds available throughout the world. But not all these breeds are good for commercial meat production business. Here we are describing about top 10 meat goat breeds.1. Black Bengal GoatBlack Bengal goat is considered as the best meat goat breed in terms of meat quality and taste (according to IAEA). As the name suggests, the breed is actually from Bangladesh. But is also found in West Bengal, Bihar and Orissa of India.Meat of Black Bengal Goat is of excellent quality and fetch high prices, both in local and international markets. Size of this goat is relatively smaller, and it's really very easy to care for them.2. Boer GoatBoer goats are large animals, with a male can reach up to 300 lbs. They are one of the most popular meat goat breeds for their large size.Boer goats are very hardy and resistant to diseases and they also grow very fast. They also have great reproduction quality. Boer goats actually originated from South Africa in the early 1900s.3. Kalahari Red GoatKalahari, aka the Red Kalahari goat is similar in size and appearance to the Boer goat (except the coloration). It is a very beautiful breed that was originated from South Africa.The breed is very hardy and they are able to breed and withstand hot temperatures and dry weather condition. Meat of the Red Kalahari is more tender than other breeds.4. Kiko GoatThe Kiko goat is a relatively new breed of meat goat which was created recently as the 1980s in New Zealand. The breed was actually created for meat production by breeding feral goats with Saanen, Toggenburg and Anglo Nubian goats.Kiko goats are very hardy and they generally can survive in most conditions. They require less care, have great mothering skills, produce lean meat and also good for milk production.5. Fainting GoatThe Fainting, aka the Myotonic goats are also good for meat production. They are actually known for their unusual reaction when under distress (freezing for a couple of second and 'fainting').And this reaction actually developed from a genetic disorder. Fainting is a smaller sized meat goat breed, weighting around 175 lbs.6. Nubian GoatNugian goat is not only good for meat production but also very good and used for milk production. And it can be called as a dual-purpose animal. Mature males can reach up to 175 lbs live body weight. They are also sometimes crossed with the Boer goats for creating larger sized meat goats.7. Rangeland GoatRangeland is another very popular meat goat breed from Australia. This breed is tall, wide and has short hair. Rangeland goats are very hardy and they can reproduce and live happily in dry areas.The breed require less care and also do well in hot weather. Rangelands are sometimes crossed with the Boer goat for producing good quality kids.8. Sirohi GoatThe Sirohi goat is actually from India, and it is a great breed for meat production. These animals are very hardy and can survive in almost all climates.Sirohi goats are mostly found in India, and some other South Asian countries. They require less care and they reproduce relatively easily.9. Spanish GoatAs the name suggests, the Spanish goats originally developed from Spain. But today it is available throughout the world and raised as a good meat goat breed. These animals require less care and they can thrive in almost all climates.10. Verata GoatThe Verata is another meat goat breed from Spain. The breed is very strong and durable, and they can survive in almost all climates.A mature goat can reach around or up to 70 kg body weight. By the way, this breed is also considered as one of the best meat goat breeds.

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Common Goat Diseases Diseases & Prevention Methods

Goats are very hardy and strong animals. They suffer by diseases or any other health problems less than other domestic animals. Although you need to be aware of some common goat diseases and their control/treatment method, if you want to run a successful and profitable goat farming business.Sometimes the goats in your flock can be infected by diseases, which can ultimately results in increased mortality or other health problems.You must have to be able to identify the symptoms of some common goat diseases and take necessary steps for preventing or curing. If you are unable to identify the symptoms, you can call an expert.But it is always wise to learn more about the common goat diseases and their symptoms, before starting this business commercially.Common Goat Diseases and Treatment InformationThe Goats generally get infected by bacterial, viral, parasites and malnutritious diseases. Here we are describing about some common goat diseases and their treatment information.Bacterial Goat DiseasesBasic information and treatment method about some common bacterial goat diseases are described below.AnthraxSymptomsAnthrax is a fatal goat disease in goats. It can cause sudden death. Blood flowing from nose and other outlets are also common.Prevention/TreatmentDead body of the anthrax infected goat should be buried for stopping further spread in the flock. Vaccinate your goats timely for preventing this disease.BrucellosisSymptomsInfertility problem in both bucks and does are caused by the brucellosis disease. Abortion during late pregnancy also caused by this disease. Joint swelling is another common symptom of this disease.Prevention/TreatmentYou have to dispose dead fetus and placenta of the doe for preventing this disease. Use hand gloves while disposing.EnterotoxaemiaSymptomsEnterotoxaemia is a fatal goat disease, especially for the kids. Sudden death in young goat kids is the common symptom of this disease.Prevention/TreatmentAvoiding feeding the young kids with greens and taking them outside will help to prevent this disease. Vaccinate the kids just before starting the rainy season.Foot RotSymptomsFoot rot is not a fatal goat disease, but it can cause some problem to the goat. Wounds in the goat foot is the most common symptom of this disease.Prevention/TreatmentEnsure clean and dry housing condition for your goats.Haemorrhagic SepticemiaSymptomsThe haemorrhagic septicemia is a fatal goat disease. It can cause sudden death in goats. Intestinal inflammation and high fever are the most common symptom of this goat disease. This disease affect the goats much in rainy season.Prevention/TreatmentVaccinate your goats timely for preventing this disease. You should vaccinate your goats just before the rainy season.MastitisSymptomsUdder swelling is the most common symptom of the Mastitis goat disease. Changes in the milk color is also a symptom of this disease.Prevention/TreatmentAlways try to keep your goat's house as clean as possible. Also clean your goat's udder with dis-infect solutions.PneumoniaSymptomsHigh fever and frequent coughing are the most common symptoms of the pneumonia disease.Prevention/TreatmentAlways try to keep your goats house clean. Ensure proper ventilation system, and always provide your goats fresh and clean water to drink.Viral Goat DiseaseGoat pox, PPR and foot and mouth diseases are the most common viral goat diseases.Foot and Mouth DiseaseSymptomsFMD also called foot and mouth disease is a viral disease in goats. High fever, wounds in foot and mouth, difficulties in walking and increased salivary secretion are the common symptoms of this disease.Prevention/TreatmentVaccinate your goats timely for preventing this disease. First vaccination should be done within 3 months of age, and subsequently once 5-6 months interval.Goat PoxSymptomsRespiratory distress, nasal mucous discharges and fever are the most common symptom of goat pox disease. Other visible symptom of this disease is pox lesion on lips, thighs and udder in the affected goats.Prevention/TreatmentVaccinate your goats regularly. Generally goat pox vaccine is applied once a year.PPRSymptomsPPR (peste des petits ruminants) is a common viral disease in goats. Nasal mucous discharge, mouth lesion, respiratory distress and fever are the common symptom of this disease.Prevention/TreatmentSeparate the affected goats from the flock. Vaccinate your goats timely. PPR vaccine is generally applied once a year.ParasitesParasites cause some diseases or health related problems in goats. Both external and internal parasites are harmful for the goats. Keep the house as clean as possible, and groom your goats regularly for preventing external parasites. Regular de-worming and de-licing will help to prevent some internal parasites.These are the common goat diseases and their treatment. Always monitor your goat's health and their activities. This will not only help to detect problems, but also help to save your money and time. God bless you!