It is the birthday of the newspaper publisher who said, “Every reporter is a hope, and every editor is a disappointment.” Joseph Pulitzer was born on this day in 1847. He fled the poverty of Hungary by signing up to serve in the U.S. Union Army during the Civil War.
His struggles as an immigrant eased after he joined a group of people in St. Louis, Missouri who saw something in him and in his writing.
He got involved in politics and bought the bankrupt St. Louis Dispatch. The newspaper’s reporting already had a reputation for the sensationalism that came to be called yellow journalism. Competing with other newspapers, Pulitzer pushed his editors and writers to go further. Stories had to be dire to the point of melodrama. Innuendo and fabrication became acceptable, then desirable. Pulitzer took this style to the New York World, the newspaper he bought and turned into a juggernaut of yellow journalism and profitability. When he died in 1911, his net worth was nearly one-tenth of one percent of the entire U.S. Gross National Product.
Pulitzer left millions of dollars to Columbia University to create a graduate-level journalism school that taught and recognized professional reporting, not sensationalism.
Joseph Pulitzer, circa 1900