Adverb Phrases (Zarf Öbekleri)
ADVERB PHRASES
(Zarf Öbekleri)
Bazen günlük dil yapısı içinde kişi konuşurken, aynı şeyleri tekrar etmekten kaçınır. Ve bu yüzden bazı öğeleri kullanmaz, atar. Böylece düşüncesini karşısındaki kişiye kısaca anlatmaya çalışır. Bunun içinde kullandığı ifadelerde yapısal değişikler yapar, ve bu değişikler zarf cümleleri içinde zarf öbekleri olarak tanımlanır. İngilizce de zarf öbekleri bir bağlacın bir edat ile kullanılmasıyla oluşur. Zarf bağlaçlarında olduğu gibi gruplandırılabilir.
REASON (sebep)
BECAUSE OF / DUE TO / OWING TO + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE, + SVO
Konuşma İngilizce sinde due to, owing to'ya göre daha yaygındır; ancak her ikisinden de daha çok because of kullanılır.
· Glenn moved from the dormitory because of the fact that there was too much noise.
· Because of too much noise, Glenn moved from the dormitory.
· Due to the fact that the Chairwoman became ill, we postponed the session.
· Due to the Chairwoman's illness, we postponed the session.
· Owing to the fact that the weather was bad, the match was cancelled.
· Owing to the bad weather, the match was cancelled.
Because of spending many years abroad, I have few friends in my hometown.
Because of heavy traffic, I never ride a bicycle in the city centre.
CONCESSIVE (zıtlık)
DESPITE / IN SPITE OF + NOUN/NOUN PHRASE, + SVO
· We went for a walk in the woods in spite of the fact that it was raining.
· We went for a walk in the woods in spite of the rain.
· Despite the fact that I had a headache, I enjoyed the concert.
· Despite having a headache, I enjoyed the concert.
PURPOSE (maksat)
IN ORDER TO
SO AS TO + VERB FOR + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE
TO
· Bob had to borrow money from his sister in order to / so as to / to finish his education.
· In order to / So as to / To make silk, the silkworm produces a fluid internally and then forces it out through tiny holes in its body.
· I moved to a new apartment close to the office in order to / so as to / to be able to sleep a little more in the mornings.
· Jeff left the door ajar for the dog to get in. This parking lot is for faculty only.
RESULT (sonuç)
Özne ortaklığı kuralı sonuç cümleciklerinden öbek oluşturmada da koşuldur.
· Roger has so little education that he cannot find a job.
Sonuç cümleciğinden that, özne ve varsa yardımcı atılır, hepsinin yerine as to getirilir ve tabiki fiil de kök haline dönüştürülür.
· Roger has so little education as no to find a job
· Timothy arrived at the stadium so late that he missed the first quarter of the game.
· Timothy arrived at the stadium so late as to miss the first quarter of the game.
· Mrs. Laughton was in such bad health that she retired without second thought. Mrs.
· Laughton was in such bad health as to retire without second thought.
SO + ADJECTIVE + AS TO V
Global warming is becoming so extreme as to threaten the existence of life in future
His food is so delicious as to send his friends into ecstasy.
SUCH + ADJECTIVE + NOUN + AS TO V
EXCEPT FOR + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE, SVO SVO EXCEPT + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE SAVE FOR + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE, SVO SVO SAVE + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE
Tümce except ya da save ile başlıyacaksa for kullanılması zorunludur. Except ya da save tümceyi izleyecekse o zaman for kullanlması zorunlu değildir.
· Except for a short puckered scar in his left cheek, there was nothing unusual about his face.
· The deer has eaten everything in our garden except a few apples on the trees.
· Save for one short, enigmatic message, left in my mailbox on Christmas Eve, I have not heard from him since his disappearance a year and a half ago.
· Everything made of wood, hide, wool, linen, grass, hair and similar materials will decay in a few years or centuries save under very exceptional conditions.
GIVEN + NOUN / NOUN PHRASE, SVO
· Given the circumstances, they all have coped very well.
· This is the best place to study given my interest in all those philosophers.
