By far my greatest worries were the personnel repercussions of the (First Gulf) war. The feelings of despair and powerlessness Hussein had experienced when he realized that the leaders of the coalition against Iraq were not interested in attempting a peaceful resolution had grown more acute during the destruction of Iraq and the war's crippling aftermath. In his four decades as Jordan's monarch, Hussein had developed the tough skin necessary to withstand the criticism that inevitably followed his every move; over the years, he had been called both a lackey of the West and an Arab hard-liner. He had shrugged off these unfair portrayals as part of the expected fallout from holding to his convictions, but these days the affronts, large and small, hit him hard.