#aurel studies

[masonedjohanna]

          VARIATON IS THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN                                         & WITHIN SPECIES.

[ 5 KINGDOMS ]

01. PROCARYOTES - single cell; without nucleus.               e.g: bacteria 02. EUKARYOTES - single cell; with nucleus            e.g: amoeba 03. PLANTS - non flowering && flowering 04. FUNGI - reproduction using spores 05. ANIMALS - vertebrates && invertebrates

                     A  N  I  M  A  L  S;; vertebrates

001. mammals [ humans, cows, horses ]

- gives birth - warm blooded - mammary glands  002. birds [ pigeons, penguins, dove ]

- lays eggs - warm blooded - have feathers

003. reptiles [ iguanas, lizards ]

-lays eggs -cold blooded -scaly skin 004. amphibians [ frogs, toads ]

- lays eggs - cold blooded - moist skin 005. fish [ tuna, salmon, trout ] - lays eggs - cold blooded - have gills

                        I N V E R T E B R A T E S

ONE. coelenterates - jelly like & live in the water. have tentacles which can sting and used to kill prey. have one opening of the body. example;; jellyfish, coral, sea anemone

TWO. echinoderms - five body parts. spiny skin. central mouth & gills.

example;; sea urchin, sea cucumber, starfish

THREE. annelids - rounded bodies. have many segments/parts. each segment has bristles. ??

example;; earthworm, ragworm

FOUR. anthropods - more than one segement. hard jointed exoskeleton. 

example;; spiders, butterflies, dragonflies.

FIVE. molluscs - have muscular foot. have a shell. 

[masonedjohanna]

        B I O L O G Y

               \ S E C T I O N     TWO \ healthy diet \        7 nutrients needed by the body::     01. carbohydrates { made up of carbon & hydrogen & oxygen }     02. protein { made up of hydrogen & carbon & oxygen & nitrogen }     03. fats { made up carbon & hydrogen with oxygen }     04. minerals      05. vitamin     06. fibre     07. water                U S E S              02.      03.

[masonedjohanna]

E C O N O M I C S

Economics is the study of scarcity and choice. It helps us make the best use of our scarce resources to satisfy our unlimited wants.  WANTS;; wants is things that are not essential to our survival, but for our happiness and comfort.  [ fashion clothes & toys ] NEEDS;; needs are things that are essential to our survival.  [ basic food, clothes, shelter & medical care ]                                             3 BASIC ECONOMIC QUESTIONS;;                      001. what to produce?                      002. for whom to produce?                      003. how and how much to produce?                                                 O P P O R T U N I T Y C O S T             opportunity cost is the next best alternative forgone in order to get                       something else. that forgone thing is opportunity cost.      // factors of production // resources are used to produce goods and services which satisfy our wants. rsources are limited/scarce.         LAND  |  All natural resourced used in producing goods & services |  RENT   LABOUR |  The physical and human effort used in producing goods    |                    |        & services                                                                                 |  WAGE  CAPTIAL  |  Man made resources used in producing goods & services | INTEREST  ENTREPRENEUR | Controls land labour & capital for producing                                       goods and serives & takes the risk of business. | PROFIT