A great video to understand the concept of forward and backward mapping introduced in Elmore’s article ‘Backward Mapping: Implementation Research and Policy Decisions’. It is very important to understand that policymakers cannot make decisions on behalf of the public who is facing the problems without consulting them. Backward mapping ensures that the people at the lowest level who are dealing with the issues and have expertise to solve them are the ones in control. In making education policies even, teachers, students and parents should be given the discretion to suggest and implement changes as they are the ones that will be effected in the end.













