Bookbinding materials and substitutes
So you're thinking about getting into bookbinding but you don't want to shell out many many money for book board and awls and bone folders and fuckin $40 glue
No problem. I made my first few books with shit I had laying around my house. You may not have all of these things, but hopefully you can use these as a jumping off point, and find your own material and tool subs. And if you find you like the craft enough to invest, you can get the fancy stuff, or you can keep doing what you're doing.
First, a list of everything you, generally, need to make a book, just so we have a baseline.
That's the most basic stuff you need for bookbinding. You can get fancy with things like head bands and leather and foil stamps, but to take a pile of stuff and make a book out of it, this is what you need. Now let's start replacing them.
Needle and thread and Paper
Starting off strong and by strong I mean these can't really be replaced. Sorry. But they are super easy to get. I usually just use printer paper any time I'm putting together a book, although I've definitely seen people use other materials. A friend sent me a tiktok where someone used brown paper bags? For the needle and thread, I already had sewing stuff, and there isn't a specific needle or thread to use. I've used crochet thread, I've used doubled up regular sewing thread, I currently have the nice linen thread, it doesn't really matter. And for the needle, you just need something that can fit your chosen thread. Some people use a curved needle, but I don't like them
"I looked at bookbinding glue online or at my local craft store and it was $40 for a large bottle! This is too much!" I feel you, but also it's ok, you don't need the $40 bottle of glue. You need a $5 bottle of white school glue from any store that sells school supplies. It's a little runnier than """proper""" bookbinding glue but I've used both and honestly it isn't a big enough difference to care
Bookboard is at its core, fancy cardboard, and therefore can be replaced with any other non-corrugated cardboard. I've used cereal boxes. I've glued together card stock until they were the thickness I wanted. You could probably glue together printer paper until they're the thickness you want, but that would be a lot of work honestly. Just keep in mind that the cover will warp when liquid (glue) is applied, but controlling that warp is part of bookbinding, and is a skill thing more than a materials thing.
Once again, you don't need anything fancy. I personally use quilting cotton that I've stiffened with corn starch paste that I make at home (1tbsp corn starch, uuhhh probably 5tbsp of water, whisked in a double boiler, or mixed, microwaved for 30 seconds and then mixed and microwaved again, repeat until the starch is thick and a little transluscent). You can also use like, heat and bond to attach the fabric to a piece of paper, but I do prefer the starch method. And, on my first few books, I just straight up didn't use any stiffening at all. The corners of my books are looking a little ragged, but if you don't care about that, then have fun.
For stabbing the sewing holes. I personally used a really thick needle I own, but I've also used a finishing nail and a hammer, on top of a really thick bed of flyers so I didn't damage my counter top. Awls can be gotten for pretty cheap from hardware stores, but anything pointy and thin and strong enough to get through several sheets of paper without breaking will do the trick.
For making the folds on your signatures Crisp. When I first started out, I just rolled a nail polish bottle over the fold to crisp it up. I got the idea from when I was a kid and ran a scissor handle over my folds to make them crisp. (I don't recomment using scissor handles, they almost always leave a mark.) But anything solid and rollable would probably work. Jam jar, can of tomatoes if you can get one without that top edge that cans have, water bottle
This is for cutting your book board to size, mostly. You can use scissors, or any utility knife will do the trick. Honestly, the professionals use utility knives (although theirs are Fancier, obvs, and I'm pretty sure they change the blade our way more often than I do). But yeah, nothing fancy here, just whatever can get your bookboards to a size you can use. You can also use a knife to make the front edge of your book straight (the way signatures are folded, the center of the signature sticks out more than the edges, which can't really be avoided), but don't try this on a book you like. Better to have an un-straightened front edge than to get something messy. Make a practice book block and try and straighten that instead
And that's it. I don't think I've missed anything, but feel free to ask questions. Hope this helps you take that final step into bookbinding!