Boyhood adolescence has largely been ignored in pop culture and elsewhere. Yet it’s this period when the prevailing culture tightens its grip on boys, asking them to adhere to strict protocols of masculinity to secure their spot in the social rankings and to stay safe from the bullying and exclusion that can result if they step outside of the mold.
Judy Y. Chu, a human biology professor at Stanford University, says that as very young children, boys are socialized to mask their sweetness and emotional attachments. The less emotionally vulnerable they are, the higher they land in the boy hierarchy—where independence and toughness reign.
That socialization intensifies in middle school when boys seek to figure out what kind of young men they will be, and what the world will think of them.
Ellen McCarthy and Amy Joyce, Being a Boy: Ages 11 and 12