#cnidium monneri

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Diabetes is the most important deadly metabolic disorder which can disturb nearly every organ system in the body. An increase in sugar levels is one of the characteristics of diabetes mellitus, which leads to a serious impact on the heart, blood vessels, eye and kidneys from time to time. To cure the diabetes we use herbal plants like Cnidium monnieri and Withania somnifera which have immunomodulatory effects and phytochemical analysis confirms the presences of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides. These phytochemicals have have antioxidents anti-diabetic, anti-stress, anti-arthritis, immune enhancing and anti-inflammatory activities which prove when in-vivo exploration of these plants extract in diabetic mice to check thr therapeutic potential and the results of different biochemical parameters encourage the research purpose and declear that these plants have anti-diabetic activity. In the future, these herbal plants will extensively be used in medicines of certain diseases.

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The research was conducted to record the infestation of maize stem borer in maize stubbles and stalks in two maize cultivars i.e. local white and hybrid in three different locations of Mardan, Divison during 2012. Results showed highest maize stem borer infestation of 26.7% in stubbles at Palo and lowest of 15.0% recorded at Badder. Highest (24.4%) maize stem borer larval infestation was recorded on hybrid as compared to local white where the percent infestation was recorded lowest (17.2%). Results further revealed maximum mean percent (8.2) of maize stem borer hibernating larvae in Hybrid and minimum (3.2) in local white where as the mean percent of hibernating larvae was recorded maximum (11.8) at Palo and lowest (1.0%) at Badder. In stalks highest infestation occurred at Ghowndo ranged (3-10%), (2-9%) at Palo and (1-9%) at Badder, respectively. The study concluded that percent infestation of maize stem borer in stubbles and the mean percent of hibernating larvae was highest at hybrid variety at Palo which means that the hybrid is more susceptible to maize stem borer infestation. In stalks the maize stem borer infestation was also recorded highest at Palo. For farmers it is recommended to organize the dry stalks before the next cropping season to minimize the emergence of the adults that can assault the new crop.

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In vivo exploration of Withania somnifera and Cnidium monnieri in experiment animals against diabetic disorder

Diabetes is the most important deadly metabolic disorder which can disturb nearly every organ system in the body. An increase in sugar levels is one of the characteristics of diabetes mellitus, which leads to a serious impact on the heart, blood vessels, eye and kidneys from time to time. To cure the diabetes we use herbal plants like Cnidium monnieri and Withania somnifera which have immunomodulatory effects and phytochemical analysis confirms the presences of flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and glycosides. These phytochemicals have have antioxidents anti-diabetic, anti-stress, anti-arthritis, immune enhancing and anti-inflammatory activities which prove when in-vivo exploration of these plants extract in diabetic mice to check thr therapeutic potential and the results of different biochemical parameters encourage the research purpose and declear that these plants have anti-diabetic activity. In the future, these herbal plants will extensively be used in medicines of certain diseases.