#compound verbs

[learning-persian]

Khordan (خوردن)

This is a highly used verb and goes with a lot of words to communicate different meanings. By itself it means ‘to eat’. But you’d be surprised to know that in spoken Persian, Iranians use ‘khordan’ even when they mean ‘to drink’, which is ‘noushidan’ (نوشیدن). Noushidan is only ever used in formal and written form, so better not use it while speaking if you don’t want to sound ‘weird’.

So you’ll hear people say ‘aab mikhouri?’ (آب می‌خوری؟) (wanna ‘eat’ some water?’) instead of ‘abb minoushi?’

Other things that you ‘eat’ in Persian:

you eat air (havaa khordan هوا ‌خوردن — which means to get some fresh air)

you eat cold (sarmaa khordan سرما خوردن‌ — which means to catch a cold)

you eat swing (taab khordan تاب خوردن — which means to swing)

If you say something has been ‘eating dust’ (khaak khordan خاک خوردن), you mean it has been gathering dust.

Rakab khordan رکب خوردن means to be deceived.

Zakhm khordan زخم خوردن means to be injured.

** in Persian, there are a number of compound verbs and ‘khordan’ is one of them. Learning them will give you an opportunity to make a long list of new expressions.

[chouhatsumimi]

words from Promised Neverland vol. 8 (post 1 of 2, Ch.62-67)

Chapter 62

絶景 [ぜっけい (zekkei)] - superb view, picturesque scenery

思いのほか [おもいのほか (omoinohoka)] - unexpectedly, surprisingly, unexpected

閃光, せん光 [せんこう (senkou)] - flash, glint

催涙 [さいるい (sairui)] - lacrimator, dacryagogue, tear-inducing agent

捕縛 [ほばく (hobaku)] - arrest, apprehension, capture

しょぼい (shoboi) - shabby, dull

所詮 [そせん (sosen)] - after all

卓越 [たくえつ (takuetsu)] - preeminence, excellence, superiority, transcendence

身のこなし, 身の熟し [みのこなし (minokonashi)] - carriage, movement (of the body), agility

筋, 条 [すじ (suji), スジ (suji)] - aptitude; talent​  (I think that’s the meaning, in this case) Ex: 銃の筋だってよくても[...] (No matter how good my skill with a gun is [...I can’t beat them]

弾倉 [だんそう (dansou)] - magazine (of a firearm)

埒があかない, 埒が明かない, らちが明かない [らちがあかない (rachigaakanai), ラチがあかない (rachigaakanai)] - make no progress, remain unsettled

上等 [じょうとう (joutou)] - (that's) just fine!, bring it on!

動力源 [どうりょくげん (douryokugen)] - source of power

ちょろい (choroi) - 1) easy, simple  2) soft, lax, slack sounds like チャラい (charai) - flashy; gaudy; wrapped in cheap flattery​

Chapter 63

察知 [さっち (satchi)] - sense, infer

ただ者, 只者, 徒者 [ただもの (tadamono)] - ordinary person (usu. in neg. sentences)

しぶとい (shibutoi) - tenacious, tough, enduring, dogged, headstrong, stubborn, obstinate, unyielding

存外 [ぞんがい (zongai)] - beyond expectation, contrary to expectations, unexpectedly

胸焼け [むねやけ (muneyake)] - heartburn, sour stomach

ふとした (futoshita) - impulsive, unexpected, accidental, casual, inadvertent, on a whim

Chapter 64

何様, 何さま [なにさま (nanisama)] - person of importance, a somebody

触角 [しょっかく (shokkaku)] - feeler, antenna (used to describe Emma, because of her hairstyle)

軽々しい, 軽軽しい [かるがるしい (karugarushii), かろがろしい (karogaroshii)] - rash, thoughtless, imprudent, careless, frivolous

憂さ晴らし, うさ晴らし, 憂さばらし, 憂晴し [うさばらし (usabarashi)] - diversion, distraction

ちゃんちゃら可笑しい [ちゃんちゃらおかしい (chancharaokashii)] - ridiculous, absurd, silly, laughable

引き返す, 引返す, 引きかえす [ひきかえす (hikikaesu)] - to turn back, to go back, to come back, to return, to retrace one's steps

Chapter 65

生死 [せいし (seishi), しょうし (shoushi), しょうじ (shouji)] - life and death

一派 [いっぱ (ippa)] - school, sect, party

策が嵌って満足か (saku ga hamatte mazoku ka) 策 [さく (saku)] - plan; policy; means; measure; stratagem; scheme​ 嵌る [はまる (hamaru)] - to satisfy (conditions) (I think this is the closest to what it’s going for) “You’re just happy you got what you wanted (the conditions of your scheme were fulfilled), huh?”

Chapter 66

蹂躪, 蹂躙 [じゅうりん (juurin)] - trampling down, overrunning, infringement, violation

めっきり (mekkiri) - remarkably

卿 [きょう (kyou), けい (kei)] - lord, sir

文明 [ぶんめい (bunmei)] - civilization, civilisation, culture

斧 [おの (ono)] - axe, hatchet

怯む [ひるむ (hirumu)] - to falter, to flinch (from), to recoil (from), to quail (at)

Chapter 67

阿呆臭い [あほくさい (ahokusai)] - ridiculous, stupid, laughable

顔ぶれ, 顔触れ [かおぶれ (kaobure)] - personnel, members, lineup (of a team), roster, cast (of a play)

挙って [こぞって (kozotte)] - all, all together, unanimously

むざむざ (muzamuza) - helplessly, easily, without resistance, without regret

賢明 [けんめい (kenmei)] - wisdom, intelligence, prudence

故 [ゆえ (yue)] - reason, cause, circumstances 単に力の差ゆえの余裕なのか (Does their confidence) stem from their overwhelming superiority when it comes to power (strength)? 

弄ぶ, 玩ぶ, 翫ぶ, もて遊ぶ [もてあそぶ (moteasobu)] - 1) to play with (a toy, one's hair, etc.), to fiddle with  2) to toy with (one's emotions, etc.), to trifle with  3) to do with something as one pleases

Click here for more Promised Neverland Vocab Lists! 

[tofugu]

Getting Into 込む Compound Verbs

Advanced Japanese learners know this secret: add 込む to verbs for nuance. But there are some rules. Learn the proper ways to use this Japanese grammar concept.

Even a beginner of Japanese will likely have come across the verb 込む. It means "to be packed" or "to be crowded." That is simple enough, but did you know that there are 280+ 込む compound verbs out there? To make one of these, you just take the stem form of a verb and add 込む to it. 入り込む, 駆け込む, 切り込む, 描き込む, etc., are all pretty common examples. Didn't understand any of that? Don't worry, we wrote an article that explains everything. That includes both the basics (explaining what a compound verb is, as well as how to change a Japanese verb to stem form) and the advanced stuff (the four patterns of 込む compound verbs and how to guess their meanings). It's both simpler–and more complicated–than you might think. But, there is one clear advantage to learning about these: Like onomatopoeia, 込む compound verbs make your Japanese sound more fluent/native. At this point, it's the subtle things that count. But, whether you're beginner or advanced, at least understanding these will be very useful to your studies.

Read more!

[studiousbees]

Making compound subjects, objects, and verbs with -하고 and -고

Hello again, everyone! This time we're going to look at how to form compound subjects, objects, and verbs in Korean. Sometimes we want to indicate that two subjects did something together, or that they had the same action enacted on them. We also might want to say that one or more subjects did multiple actions. We can make compound subjects, objects, and verbs very easily! Using 하고 and -고, you can start making more complex sentences in no time.

Compound subjects and objects

A compound subject in English would look like this:

Taehyung and Mina went to school.

The cat and the dog fought.

My friend and her younger brother are smart.

In these cases, both of the subjects do the action or are in the state of the verb.

Compound objects look like this:

I ate cake and ice cream.

Sohyeon drinks coffee and tea.

Both of the nouns in each sentence are receiving the action of verb.

To connect subjects and objects in Korean, just attach -하고 to the first of the two nouns.

태형 씨하고 미나 씨가 학교에 갔어요.

고양이하고 개가 싸웠어요.

제 친구하고 친구의 남동생이 똑똑해요.

저는 케이크하고 아이스크림을 먹었어요.

소현 씨는 커피하고 차를 마셔요.

To make a compound subject or object with more than two nouns, put -하고 only after the first noun and list the other items with commas in between.

저는 사과하고 배, 바나나, 레몬을 샀어요. (I bought apples, pears, bananas, and lemons.)

Compound verbs

We get a compound verb when we combine two or more verbs. In English, this is what it would look like:

We had dinner and saw a movie.

Sungmin made cookies and cleaned the house.

To combine these verbs in Korean, we simply add -고 to the end of the first verb. You should only conjugate the second verb for tense, though in speech you can fairly commonly hear tense markers on the first verb as well.

우리는 저녁을 먹고 영화를 봤어요.

성민 씨는 쿠키를 만들고 집 청소를 했어요.

To combine more than two verbs, attach -고 to the end of each verb but the final verb.

저는 샤워하고 옷을 입고 이를 닦았어요. (I took a shower, got dressed, and brushed my teeth.)

Making compound subjects, objects, and verbs using -하고 and -고 in Korean is easy because these endings do not cause the things to which they attach to undergo any changes. Try making a few sentences of your own!

Happy studying~

[chouhatsumimi]

Ajin ch. 63 vocab

真剣; しんけん; serious; earnest 思想; しそう; thought; idea; ideology 異を唱える; いをとなえる; to raise an objection; to voice an opinion different from those of others 加わる; くわわる; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate 目論見; もくろみ; plan; scheme; plot; design; project; intention; aim 打ち砕く; うちくだく；to smash; to crush

(And that’s just from the cover page!!)

世代交代; せだいこうたい; alternation of generations – yojijukugo, rendaku (lack of) 気絶; きぜつ; faint; swoon  (Does that mean knocked out by the tranquilizer?) 防ぐ; ふせぐ；to defend against; to protect against 生存者；せいぞんしゃ；survivor 比喩；ひゆ；simile; metaphor; allegory; parable 駄目元（ダメもと）；だめもと；giving something a try because one has nothing to lose　See also 駄目で元々、だめでもともと 調子こく; ちょうしこく; to be elated; to be excited; to be caught up in the moment; to be carried away; to get cocky  Slang, See also 調子に乗る ちょうしにのる ここのはずだ - note to self, that’s weird, I don’t recall hearing ‘hazu’ with ‘no’ in front of it before.

And don’t forget, Ajin volume 13 is on sale now! You can buy it in Japanese here (among other places).

[chouhatsumimi]

Helvetica (manga) chapter 4

A list of vocab words found in chapter 4 of the manga Helvetica, by Shizuka Tsukiba and Tsumugi Somei.

A note: If you’re planning to read this manga, it has a lot of violence, gore, and generally uncomfortable scenes. Another note- this chapter included a short summary of the story of Jean d’Arc, hence the large number of unusual vocabulary words.

終盤 [しゅうばん (shuuban)] - endgame, final stage

王位継承者 [おういけいしょうしゃ (ouikeishousha)] - heir to a throne 王位 [おうい (oui)]  - the throne, the crown 継承 [けいしょう (keishou)]  - inheritance, succession, accession I love this word because it always reminds me of Lavi from D.Gray-man...

勢力 [せいりょく (seiryoku)] - influence, power, might, strength, potency, force, energy 掻い摘む, 掻い摘まむ, かい摘む [かいつまむ (kaitsumamu)] - to sum up, to summarize, to summarise Never seen this word before, but it seems useful! 領土 [りょうど (ryoudo)] - dominion, territory, possession 陥落 [かんらく (kanraku)] - fall, sinking, surrender, capitulation 試みる, 心見る [こころみる (kokoromiru)] - to try, to attempt, to have a go (at something) 救世主 [きゅうせいしゅ (kyuuseishu)] - saviour, messiah 戴冠 [たいかん (taikan)] - coronation, crowning 休戦協定 [きゅうせんきょうてい (kyuusenkyoutei)] - cease-fire agreement 失効 [しっこう (shikkou)] - lapse, abatement, invalidation, expiration, expiry, becoming void 包囲 [ほうい (houi)] - siege, encirclement, envelopment, surrounding, besiegement 負傷 [ふしょう (fushou)] - injury, wound 捕虜 [ほりょ (horyo)] - prisoner (of war)

異端審問 [いたんしんもん (itanshinmon)] - the Inquisition 異端 [いたん (itan)] - heresy

火炙り, 火焙り, 火あぶり [ひあぶり (hiaburi)] - burning at the stake, burning to death The second part of this word, 炙り [aburi] often comes up as a cooking method, specifically when ordering sushi. 馬鹿げる [ばかげる (bakageru), バカげる (bakageru)] - to look foolish 啓示 [けいじ (keiji)] - revelation (i.e. divine revelation) 幻視 [げんし (genshi)] - visual hallucination, vision 頃合, 頃合い [ころあい (koroai)] - suitable time, good time propriety, moderation 魔性 [ましょう (mashou)] - devilishness 覚醒, 覚せい [かくせい (kakusei)] - waking up, awakening, arousal, revival disillusion, disillusionment, awakening (figurative)

性, 相 [さが (saga)] one's nature, one's destiny; custom, tradition, habit, convention I didn’t know this kanji could be a word on its own.

がち (gachi) ガチ (gachi) serious, diligent, honest, earnest がちんこ (gachinko) ガチンコ (gachinko) competing in earnest (esp. in sumo)

鍵穴, カギ穴 [かぎあな (kagiana), カギあな (kagiana)] - keyhole 誘拐 [ゆうかい (yuukai)] - abduction, kidnapping, kidnaping Don’t confuse this with the other five meanings of ‘yuukai’, including meanings such as ‘fusion’, ‘ghost’, and ‘club’. 負わす [おわす (owasu)] - to impose, to visit upon, to inflict

[chouhatsumimi]

Helvetica (manga) chapter 2

A list of vocab words found in chapter 2 of the manga Helvetica, by Shizuka Tsukiba and Tsumugi Somei. 

A note: If you’re planning to read this manga, it has a lot of violence, gore, and generally uncomfortable scenes. 

絡む, 搦む [からむ (karamu)] - to entangle, to entwine; to pick a quarrel, to find fault; to be involved with, to be influenced by, to develop a connection with 絡まる [からまる (karamaru)] - to be entwined, to be involved ^ I think it was this one.

放り込む, ほうり込む [ほうりこむ (hourikomu)] - to throw into, to toss into

焼き殺す [やきころす (yakikorosu)] - to kill by burning to death

一室 [いっしつ (isshitsu)] - one room I thought it might be ‘hito shitsu’ but I was wrong.

夜通し, 夜どおし [よどおし (yodooshi)] - all night, throughout the night

点火 [てんか (tenka)] - ignition, lighting, set fire to ^ I think it was this reading. Here’s your second word for ‘ignition’ in this manga. ‘Toboshi’ said it was an archaic meaning and pronunciation. 点火, 灯 [とぼし (toboshi)] - light, lamp

ちくる (chikuru); チクる (chikuru) - to tattle, to tell on, to inform a superior of someone's actions (appeared in katakana)

関わらせられる(かかわらせられる) 関わらされる(かかわらされる) Passive-causative form of ‘kakawaru 関わる’. It just gets so unmanageable in this form.  KA-KA-WA-RA-SE-RA-RE-RU. That’s eight syllables right there.

蘇生, 甦生 [そせい (sosei)] - rebirth, resuscitation, rehabilitation, reorganization, reorganisation, regeneration, resurrection, reviving

汚名返上 [おめいへんじょう (omeihenjou)] - clear one's name, redeem oneself, clear (vindicate) one's honor (reputation) 汚名 [おめい (omei)] - stigma, dishonour, dishonor, infamy

[chouhatsumimi]

Helvetica (manga) chapters 5+6

A list of vocab words found in chapters 5 and 6 of the manga Helvetica, by Shizuka Tsukiba and Tsumugi Somei.

A note: If you’re planning to read this manga, it has a lot of violence, gore, and generally uncomfortable scenes.

These chapters have a lot of action, so there weren’t many words to look up! (Yayyyy, the best kind!)

Chapter 5

見捨てる, 見棄てる, 見すてる [みすてる (misuteru)] - to abandon, to fail, to desert, to forsake 糸口, 緒, 絲口 [いとぐち (itoguchi)] - thread end; beginning; clue とは言え [とはいえ (tohaie)] - though, although, be that as it may, nonetheless This is one of those ‘is it grammar or vocabulary’ bits. The meaning doesn’t quite get through if you just take it at face value as ‘that said, ...’

Chapter 6 (I think the break was here?)

手こずる, 手古摺る, 手子摺る, 梃子摺る, 梃摺る [てこずる (tekozuru)] - to have much trouble, to have a hard time, to not know how to handle 一丁前, いっちょ前 [いっちょまえ (itchomae), いっちょうまえ (itchoumae)] becoming an adult or full-fledged member of (a) society 食らわせる [くらわせる (kurawaseru)] - to make someone eat; to deal (a blow), to play (a trick) Example phrase: スタンガンくらわせろ ~~“Eat my stun gun!” 追い払う [おいぱらう (oiparau)] - to drive away, to clear, to scatter, to disperse 気分屋 [きぶんや (kibun'ya)] - moody person